Non Destructive Testing Evaluation

8/21/2019 Non Destructive Testing Evaluation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/non-destructive-testing-evaluation 1/84

02/07/151

AUDITOR NDT TRAINING AUDITOR NDT TRAINING

The purpose of this training is to give theauditor a familiarity of the quality control

and quality assurance systems associatedwith Nondestructive testing.



02/07/152

IntroductionIntroduction

The reference material used in this presentation is NT!T"!1#$ #T%

tandards 2000 edition$ Nondestructiveinspection evaluation chec&list 'from (##sight).

(rom this presentation you should *e a*leto *e a*le to understand and evaluate an N+T facilities quality systems.



02/07/15,

Agenda Agenda

Training and "ertification.

#udit/-valuation urveillance.

iquid enetrant nspection.

%agnetic article nspection.

adiography nspection.

3ltrasonic nspection.

-ddy "urrent nspection.



02/07/154

OverviewOverview

t is recognied that the effectiveness of nondestructivetesting applications depends upon the capa*ilities ofthe personnel who are responsi*le for and perform it.

#s the auditor you will *e required to evaluate N+T personnel and facilities to ma&e a determination ofcompliance in accordance with the vendors manual$and required specifications.

The five elements that can *e used to evaluate any

N+T organiation from manufacturing to maintenance.



02/07/155

OverviewOverview

1) +ocumentation! written procedures$ processesspecifications and/or methods used *y the vendor in

performance and controls of N+T activities.

2) 6rganiation! relationship of N+T organiationto management.

,) -nvironment! the general physical condition ofthe facility$ e.g.$house&eeping$ storage$ safety$consuma*le management$ equipment.

4) "ali*ration! process *y which an item ischec&ed to a standard.

5) Training! methods used and records maintainedto train and retrain N+T personnel



02/07/15

Training and CertificationTraining and Certification

The requirements for training$qualification$ and certification in each

N+T method should *e part of the vendorsmanual or written practice.

ome recommended practices are #N!

T"!1#$ #N/#NT"89 N# 410'previously %il td 410-)$ #T#105$ 69712.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/non-destructive-testing-evaluation 7/8402/07/157

Training and certificationTraining and certification

Three *asic evels of qualification.

1) evel ! #n N+T evel individual

should *e qualified to properly performspecific cali*rations$ specific N+T$ andspecific evaluations for acceptance orre:ection determinations according to

written instructions and to recordresults.The N+T evel should receive thenecessary instruction or supervision from acertified evel or individual.




2) evel ! #n N+T evel individual should *e qualified to set up and cali*rate equipment

and to interpret and evaluate results with respectto applica*le codes$ standards andspecifications.The evel should *e thoroughlyfamiliar with the scope and limitations formethods for which qualified and should e;erciseassigned responsi*ilities for 6<T training andguidance of trainees and evel personnel.




,) evel ! #n N+T evel individual should *e capa*le of developing$ qualifying$ and

approving procedures$ esta*lishing and approvingtechniques$ interpreting codes$ standards$ andspecifications and procedures= and designating the

particular N+T methods$ techniques$ and procedures used. The N+T evel should *e

responsi*le for the N+T operations for whichqualified and assigned and should *e capa*le ofinterpreting and evaluating results in terms ofe;isting codes$ standards and specifications.




evel continued! The N+T evel should havesufficient practical *ac&ground in applica*lematerials$ fa*rication and product technology to

esta*lish techniques and to assist in esta*lishingacceptance criteria when none are otherwiseavaila*le. The N+T evel should have generalfamiliarity with other appropriate N+T methods$ asdemonstrated *y an #NT evel e;amination or

other means. The N+T evel $ in the methods inwhich certified$ should *e capa*le of training ande;amining N+T evel and personnel forcertification in those methods




ome procedure also may call out for a trainee$ atrainee is not authoried to accomplish$ interpretor report any inspection requirements.

ome procedures may also call out for an N+Tinstructor an instructor is usually a evel wor&ing under direction of the companies evel.

These evels may also *e su*divided intoapproval to comply with specific procedures suchas conductivity$ ultrasonic thic&ness measurement'should *e in the vendors written practice)




The required amount of training required toqualify and certify the N+T inspector should *e part of the vendors written practice.

The requirements of each recommended practicevary on the amount of formal training ande;perience.

ersonnel should complete sufficient organiedtraining to *ecome thoroughly familiar with principles and practices of the specified N+Tmethod.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/non-destructive-testing-evaluation 13/8402/07/151,

ExaminationExamination

%ay *e accomplished *y an outsideagency$ *ut does not alleviate the employer

of responsi*ility.(or evel and a general$ specific$ and

practical test is required.'#NT)

(or evel a *asic$ method$ and specifictest is required.'#NT)




The evel shall *e responsi*le for theadministration and grading of e;aminations for evel evel or other evel personnel.

(or evel or personnel the composite grade should *e determined *y averaging the results of the general$specific and practical e;am.'#NT)

Note!6 9712 has a general and specific e;am and eache;am will have a written and a practical part

(or evel personnel the composite grade should *edetermined *y averaging the results of the *asic'required only once)$ method$ and specific e;ams.'#NT)




%inimum passing grade should consist of noindividual test grade *elow 70> and thecomposite grade should *e no less than 80>'#NT).

?hen an e;amination is administered and gradedfor an employer *y an outside agency and the

outside agency issues a pass or fail only$ on acertified report the employer may accept the passgrade as a 80> for that particular e;amination'#NT).




#lso an eye e;am should *e accomplishedannually for near vision acuity and every ,

years for color contrast +ifferentiation.e!certification for evel and should *e

every ,years$ evel every 5 years.'#NT)




The employer@s certification shall *e deemed revo&edwhen employment is terminated.

# evel $ or certification may *e re!instated to the

former N+T evel *y a new employer *ased one;amination$ provided all the all these conditions have *een met.

1) employee has proof of prior certification.

2) The employee was wor&ing in the capacity to which

certified within months of termination. ,)The employee is *eing re!certified within within

months of termination.




4) rior to *eing e;amined for certification$employees not meeting the a*ove

requirements should receive additionaltraining as deemed appropriate *y theevel .'#NT)




# evel $ $ or whose certification has *eenterminated may *e re!instated to the former N+Tevel$ without a new e;amination$ provided all

the following conditions have *een met. 1) The employer has maintained the personnel

certification records.

2) The employees certification did not e;pire

during termination. ,) The employee is *eing re!instated within

months of termination '#NT)



Audit / Evaluation and Audit / Evaluation and

SurveillanceSurveillance +ocumentation

1) +oes the facility have a manual to

include an organiational chartA 2) +oes the manual contain or refer to

the appropriate specifications$ are theycurrent $ and availa*leA

,) #re there provisions in the manual forinternal review/evaluation and are theappropriate records maintainedA



02/07/1521


SurveillanceSurveillance5) #re there procedures in place to revise the manualA

) #re there procedures in place for retention ofrecordsA

7) +oes the manual contain procedures that addressnonconformitiesA

8) #re the manuals and procedures availa*le to andused *y qualified personnelA

9) +oes the manual contain controls for su*contractsfor N+ servicesA

10) +oes the manual contain controls for managementof N+ products$ materials$ and consuma*lesA



02/07/1522

Audit/Evaluation and Audit/Evaluation and

SurveillanceSurveillance11) s there a separate N+ organiation in the

facilityA

12) +oes the N+ manager or equivalent have directline authority to the N+ qualified personnelA

1,) #re the N+ requirements provided to the N+inspection personnel *y use of written practiceA

14) +oes the N+ manager$ or equivalent$ review the

quality assurance system to monitor compliance tothe (## approved dataA

15) #re proper shift change procedures in placeA



02/07/152,


SurveillanceSurveillance -nvironment

1) s the sie of the wor& area sufficient to performthe N+ inspectionsA

2) s there adequate wor& area for storage andseparation of N+ materialsA

,) s there a method for controlling and segregatingnonconforming N+ equipment and materialsA

4) #re appropriate manuals$ procedures$ and otherdocumentation availa*le for use *y qualified

personnelA



02/07/1524


SurveillanceSurveillance -nvironment 'continued)

5) #re adequate parts handling systems 'cranes$ hoists$lifts etcB) availa*leA

) +o routing documents specify the operation neededand in what sequenceA

7) s adequate protection provided to parts duringhandling and routingA

8) s metal to metal contact of finished surfaces prevented during handlingA

9) #re o*solete documents removed from inspectionareas



02/07/1525


SurveillanceSurveillance "ali*ration

1) s there a procedure for cali*rating inspectiondevices to certified standardsA

2) #re there procedures for segregation offunctional and nonfunctional equipmentA

,) #re procedures in place to ensure repairedequipment is recali*ratedA

4) #re reference standards properly la*eled$ storedand usedA

5) #re independent data availa*le for referencestandards$ ie.$ drawings$ metrology$ etc.A



02/07/152


SurveillanceSurveillance "ali*ration 'continued)

) #re the cali*ration methods

documentedA7) +o cali*ration methods include

environment controls$ standards to *e

used$ and accuracy requirementsA8) #re setup verifications performed on all

shifts as appropriateA



02/07/1527

i!uid "enetrant #AST$ E%&%'(i!uid "enetrant #AST$ E%&%'(

2 Casic Types1) Type (luorescent

2) Type Disi*le4 %ethods1) %ethod # E ?ater washa*le2) %ethod C E ost!emulsified$ lipophilic

,) %ethod " E olvent!remova*le4) %ethod + E ost!emulsified$hydrophilic



02/07/1528

i!uid "enetranti!uid "enetrant

ensitivity evels E These levels are forType penetrants only. Type penetrants

have only a single sensitivity and is notrepresented *y any level.

1) ensitivity evel F ! Dery low2) ensitivity evel 1 E ow

,) ensitivity evel 2 E %edium4) ensitivity evel , E Gigh5) ensitivity evel 4 E 3ltrahigh



02/07/1529


+evelopers shall *e the following forms1) (orm a E +ry powder

2) (orm * E ?ater!solu*le,) (orm c E ?ater!suspenda*le4) (orm d E Nonaqueous for Type

fluorescent.

5) (orm e E Nonaqueous for Type visi*le dye.

) (orm f E pecific application



02/07/15,0


olvent removers shall *e of the followingclasses

1) "lass 1! Galogenated2) "lass 2 ENonhalogenated,) "lass , E pecific application



02/07/15,1


Huality control and system performance.1) enetrant contamination E

#ccomplished daily to determine if any ofthe following conditions are evidentI precipitates$ wa;y deposits$ whitecoloration$ separation of constituents$

surface scum$ or any other evidence ofcontamination or *rea&down.



02/07/15,2


+eveloper contamination ' #queousIsolu*le and suspenda*le) accomplished

daily.1) "hec&ed for fluorescence$ asappropriate$ and coverage *y immersingan aluminum panel. (ailure to uniformly

wet the panel or any o*served fluorescenceis unsatisfactory and the developer shall *ereplaced.



02/07/15,,


+eveloper concentration E #queous solu*le andsuspenda*le accomplished wee&ly. 1)"hec&ed with a hydrometer to supplier

specification.+eveloper condition E '+ry) accomplished daily.

1) "hec& to see that thedeveloper is fluffy and not ca&ed also chec& for

fluorescent spec&s 10 or more spec&s or anyca&ing is unsatisfactory



02/07/15,4


?ater wash pressure E chec&ed each shift.1) hould not e;ceed 40 psi$ minimum

distance 12 inches from part. 'need not *erecorded)

?ater Temp. E "hec&ed each shift 50 to100 degrees (.

NoteI f immersion rinse is *eing usedthe water should *e agitated.



02/07/15,5


Clac& ight intensity E "hec&ed daily.1) %inimum 1000 micro watt/cm2 at 15 inches alsochec& filter for damage.

nspection area cleanliness E "hec&ed daily 'Neednot *e recorded)

?ater *ased penetrant water concentration E"hec&ed wee&ly.

1) "hec&ed with a refractometer to %(J.pecifications.



02/07/15,


Non!water *ased penetrant water content'%ethod #) "hec&ed monthly.

1)Test method +95 or Karl (ischermethod. 5> water content %a;.

-mulsifier concentration E 'hydrophilic)"hec&ed wee&ly.

1) "hec&ed with a refractometer to%(J specifications.



02/07/15,7


enetrant sensitivity E "hec&ed wee&ly.1) # comparison with unused sample if

the sensitivity drops *elow unusedmaterial is unsatisfactory.(luorescent *rightness E "hec&ed

quarterly.

1) 3sually accomplished in a a*. ?itha fluorometer or a photofluorometer mustmaintain 90> of original *rightness.



02/07/15,8


enetrant remova*ility '%ethod #) E"hec&ed monthly.

1) Test shall *y accomplished usingnormal wash parameters compare withunused material.

-mulsifier remova*ility E "hec&ed

monthly.1) "ompare with unused material ontest piece or production part.



02/07/15,9


-mulsifier water content 'lipophilic) E"hec&ed monthly.

1) Test method +95 or Karl (ischermethod usually sent to a a*.

+rying oven cali*ration E "hec&edquarterly 'may *e reduced or e;tendedwhen su*stantiated *y performance)



02/07/1540


ight meter cali*ration E "hec&edsemiannually 'may *e reduced or e;tended

when su*stantiated)1) Coth *lac& light and visi*le light

meters #? %!T+!452 or#N/N" L540!1



02/07/1541


reparing and recleaning E #ll coatingsand other conditions such as paint$ plating$

corrosion$ scale$ smeared metal$ weldingflu;$ chemical residues or any othermaterial that could prevent from enteringdiscontinuities$ suppress dye performance$

or produce unaccepta*le *ac&ground.



02/07/1542

$agnetic "article#AST$ E%&&&($agnetic "article#AST$ E%&&&(

%agnetic particle inspections can *eaccomplished wet$ dry$ fluorescent$ visi*le$utiliing #" or +" current inducedmagnetism in the circular$ longitudinaldirection$ or multidirectional.

(# part 145.49 you must have equipmentfor wet and dry magnetic techniques$residual and continuous methods and

porta*le for inspections of welds *oth on oroff the aircraft.



02/07/154,

$agnetic "article$agnetic "article

Huality control and performance chec&s.

ight intensity. "hec& daily

1) Clac& ight minimum intensity 1000micro watt/cm2 also chec& filter fordamage.

2) Disi*le ight minimum 100fc or1000 l;.

,) #m*ient ight 2fc ma;imum.



02/07/1544


ystem performance using a test piece or ringspecimen. "hec& daily.

?et particle concentration. "hec& each shift E hall

*e .1 to .4ml in a 100ml sample fluorescent particles.hall *e 1.2ml to 2.4ml for nonfluorescent particles.

Jauss meter 'Teslameter) reading ero. "hec& eachuse.

Jauss meter 'Teslameter) accuracy. months. #mmeter accuracy. "hec& months E usuallyaccomplished with a shunt and a cali*rated ammeter#? %(J specifications M!10>.



02/07/1545


Huic& *rea& chec&. "hec& months ! canuse an oscilloscope or other methodrecommended *y the %(J.

+ead weight chec&. "hec& months Eo&es and permanent magnets 'whenallowed) 1) #.". shall have a lifting

force of at least 10l*s with a 2 to 4 inchspacing. 2) +.". lifting force ,0l*s 2 to4inch spacing$ or 50l*s 4 to inch spacing.



02/07/154


?et particle contamination. "hec& eachshift/ wee&ly.

1) -;amine the the liquid a*ove the precipitate with a *lac& light. fluorescenceshould *e compara*le to original solution.

2) -;amine the graduated portion ofthe tu*e *oth visi*le light and *lac& lightfor striations or *ands$ different in color orappearance this may indicatecontamination ,0> ma;imum.



02/07/1547


?ater *rea& test. "hec& daily E 6nly onwater *ased vehicle with a wetting agent.

1) (lood the part with conditionedwater$ and the appearance is noted afterflooding is stopped. f film of suspension *rea&s$ e;posing *are surface$ insufficient

wetting agent is present or the part has not *een cleaned properly.



02/07/1548


reparation of parts.1) +emagnetie the part *efore

e;amination if prior operations have produced a residual magnetic field.2)The surface of the part to *e

inspected shall *e smooth$ clean$ dry$ andfree of oil$ scale$ machining mar&s$ orother contaminants or condition that mightinterfere with the efficiency of theinspection.



02/07/1549


,) No coating that may prevent detectionof surface defects. aint or chrome greater

than .00, inch in thic&ness$ andferromagnetic coating such aselectroplated nic&el greater than .001 inch



02/07/1550

Radiogra)*+Radiogra)*+

afety and e;posure requirements are regulated *y the N" and tate agencies. ndividual e;posure should *e maintained on

record at the facility. ndustrial radiation license is issued *y the state

and also thru the N" for the use of a radioactiveisotopes.

"( 10 arts 19$ 20$ 21$ ,0$ ,4 and 70 apply toregulating and licensing for use of radioactiveisotopes.



02/07/1551


"( 10 art 19 regulations esta*lish therequirements for posting of notices$ wor&instructions and reports *y licensees to persons 'employees) who participate inlicensed activities and options availa*le toemployees in connection with N"inspections of licensees. art 19esta*lishes the right and responsi*ilities ofindividuals and the N" on any matterwithin the commissions :urisdiction.



02/07/1552


"( 10 art 20 esta*lishes standards for protection against radiation haards arising

out of activity under licenses issued *y the N". art 20 discusses the concept of###$ and standards for dose limits forall persons who receive$ possess$ use or

transfer material licensed under the N".



02/07/155,


"( 10 art 21 esta*lishes reporting procedures and requirements for anyindividual or responsi*le officer of a firmconstructing$ owning$ operating orsupplying components licensed orregulated *y the N" that fail to complywith or regulations relating to safety. art21 esta*lishes time limits for reporting tothe N" when *asic component defect orfailure pose a su*stantial haard.



02/07/1554


"( 10 art ,0 prescri*es rules applica*leto all persons in the 3nited tates

governing domestic licensing of *yproductmaterial under the #tomic -nergy #ct of1954$ as amended$ and Title of the-nergy eorganiation #ct of 1974.



02/07/1555


"( 10 art ,4 esta*lishes requirementsfor the issuance of licenses for the use of

sealed sources containing *yproductmaterial and radiation requirements for persons using such sealed sources inradiography. Nothing in this part shall

apply to uses of *yproduct material formedical diagnosis or therapy.



02/07/155


art ,4 cont. ncludes requirements foroperating and emergency procedures$ fortraining of radiography personnel$equipment performance$ recordmaintenance$ securing and storingradiographic e;posure devices and personalaudits.

"( 10 art 70 requirements for pac&aging$ preparation for shipment$ and transportationof licensed material.



02/07/1557


adiation detection devices.1) urvey %eter E %easures dose rate.

Jas filled tu*es are used in the 2 types ofsurvey metersI the ioniation cham*ersurvey meter and the Jeiger!%uller'or J!%) survey meter.

The on cham*er survey meter is primarily used. urvey meters should *ecali*rated every months '"( 10 art,4)



02/07/1558


2) oc&et +osimeter E The poc&et dosimeter is *asically an air! filled ion cham*er.The poc&etdosimeter uses a charger to apply an electric

charge to ero the quart fi*er as the dosimeter ise;posed to ioniation radiation$ the ions createdwill neutralie the charge on the fi*er and wirecausing the fi*er to move toward the wire giving

a reading of e;posure in milliroentgen 'm). The poc&et dosimeter should *e cali*rated every12months.



02/07/1559


,) (ilm Cadge or T+ E %ust *e sent outmonthly to a certified a* for reading$

they will send *ac& a report of individuale;posure$ which must *ecome a part of theindividual personal e;posure record.

4) ate #larm E et to 500 mrem/hr.

cali*rate every 12 months$ may only *erequired for use with isotopes.



02/07/150


### E s an acronym for Oas low asreasona*ly achieva*leP which means ma&e

every effort to maintain radiation e;posuresas far *elow the dose limits as is practical.

The radiation area shall maintained to ama;imum of 2 millirems.



02/07/151


torage of materials1) (ilm should *e stored in a cool dry

place on it@s end$ the e;piration dateshould *e on the *o;.2) "hemicals 'starter$ fi;er$ and

developer) should *e stored in an

appropriate loc&er. %ost of thesechemicals have a 2 year life limit mar&edon the *o;.



02/07/152


adiation afety 6fficer. 1) The 6 is theindividual with the responsi*ility for overallradiation safety program and who meets the

requirements. 2) The 6 shall ensure thatradiation safety activities are *eing performed inaccordance with approved procedures andregulatory requirements in the daily operation ofthe licensees program. ,) The 6 shall esta*lish

and oversee all operating$ emergency$ and ### procedure.



02/07/15,


6 cont. 4) 6verseeing and approving all phases of the training program for radiographic personnel.5) -nsure that the required radiation

surveys and lea& tests are performed anddocumented in accordance with regulations. )-nsure that personal monitoring devices arecali*rated and used properly. 7)-nsuring thatoperations are conducted safely and to assume

control for instituting corrective actions.



02/07/154


adiographer E should have had not onlythe required amount of radiography training$

*ut should have also had training inradiation safety. f the individual is usingradioactive isotopes must meet therequirements of "(10 art ,4.

adiographer #ssistant E hould havetraining in radiation safety and if using anisotope must meet the requirements of "(10 art ,4.



02/07/155

Ultra,oundUltra,ound

3ltrasonic testing is the process of applyingultrasonic sound 'a*ove 20$000G) to a specimenand determining its soundness$ thic&ness or some

physical property.3ltrasonic pulse echo instrument generates high

voltage electrical pulse of short duration. These pulses are applied to the transducer which

converts them into mechanical vi*rations that areapplied to the material.



02/07/15


3ltrasonic through transmission Eequires 2 transducers one for sending and

the other for receiving. hort or continuouswaves are transmitted into the material.Thequality of the material *eing tested ismeasured in terms of energy lost *y the

sound *eam as it travels through thematerial.



02/07/157


"ontact testing E ?here the transducer is coupledto the material through a thin layer of couplant.

mmersion testing E Coth the material and the

transducer are immersed in a tan& of couplant'usually water).

"ouplant E The primary purpose of a couplant isto provide a suita*le path *etween the transducer

and the test surface N6T- E +o not use glycerin as a couplant onaluminum may cause corrosion



02/07/158


ongitudinal wave E Gave particle vi*rations in a *ac& and forth motion in the direction of propagation.

hear waves E Gave particle vi*rations perpendicular to the direction of wave motion.hear waves will not travel through liquid or gas.

urface waves E #re elastic vi*rations whoseenergy is confined to a narrow region :ust *elowthe surface.



02/07/159


+isplaying ultrasonic indications E Three *asic types #!scan$ C!scan$ "!scan.

#!scan is a time versus amplitudedisplay which reveals a discontinuity usinga pip on a "T. The # scan is read fromleft to right.

C!scan typically uses an oscilloscopetype screen to display a cross sectionalview of the material *eing tested.



02/07/1570


"!scan E s a Olan DiewP presentationsimilar to an Q!ray picture.The "!scan

shows shape and location of thediscontinuity *ut does not show depth.



02/07/1571


"ali*ration standards E uch as the ? *loc&$ %iniature cali*ration *loc&$ #rea

amplitude *loc&s$ +" *loc&s and+istance amplitude *loc&s."ali*rationstandards are used for ad:ustments forsimple ultrasonic testing procedures and to

chec& on the reproduci*ility ofmeasurement.



02/07/1572


eference standards E #id in cali*rating theinstrument and indicating whether thediscontinuities e;pected will *e detected *y

preselected sensitivity. The standards apart fromfacilitating initial ad:ustment of the instrument$also chec& on reproduci*ility of themeasurement.

eference standard material should *e identicalto the o*:ect *eing tested in chemicalcomposition$ heat treat$ physical and mechanicalcharacteristics.



02/07/157,


(acility *eing evaluated should have theappropriate standards$ transducers$

equipment$ technical data.To prepare a part for ultrasonic inspection

the part should *e free of loose paint$ dirt$and scale.



02/07/1574

Edd+ CurrentEdd+ Current

-ddy current testing is a non!destructive test technique *ased on inducing electrical currents in the material *eing inspected and o*serving the interaction *etweenthose currents and the material.

-ddy "urrent can *e used for crac& detection$conductivity measurement$ nonconductive coatingthic&ness$ material loss due to corrosion

ndicating devices E #n important part of the eddy

current test system is the part of the instrument thatgives the technician of the change in impedance. #susual there are several different types of devices used.



02/07/1575


1) #nalog meter 2) +igital meter

,) 6scilloscope4) mpedance plane5) trip chart recorders



02/07/157


-ddy "urrent "oils and ro*es E nspectioncoils can have a variety of forms and can *earranged in a variety of ways. The choices of

the type of arrangement of the inspection coildepends on the test situation. 1) ingle coila*solute 2) dou*le coil a*solute ,)+ifferential coil arrangement 4)

eflection coil arrangement



02/07/1577


The previous coil arrangements can *e installedon a variety of pro*e configurations such as.1) urface pro*es 2) Goles pro*es ,)

-ncircling 4) nternal '*o**in)-rroneous indications can come from

nonspecific variations in the test o*:ect such ascoating thic&ness changes$ conductivity

changes$ even electrical interference.



02/07/1578


eference standards E should *e of thesame material chemical composition$ heat

treat$ physical and mechanical propertiesas the part to *e inspected.



02/07/1579


"onductivity measurements E"onductivity measuring can *e used to

determine a materials temper if you &nowthe alloy$ it can *e used to sort differentalloys$ it can also *e used to determineheat damage on aluminum alloys.

"onductivity measurement alone can not *e used to identify different alloys due tothe overlap of conductivity ranges.



02/07/1580


"onductivity cont. #ccomplishing aconductivity measurement is achieved *yusing a conductivity instrument setting itup with &nown cali*ration standards of&nown value. # reading is given in >#" 'nternational #nnealed "oppertandard) These standards should *e

chec&ed periodically for accuracy duesome materials conductivity changes withage



02/07/1581


"onductivity cont. #nother way is to ma&ea conductivity curve with an impedance plane instrument utiliing the cali*rationstandard.

urface and su*surface defects can *ediscovered using eddy current *y using

different pro*e and coil configurations. #sa rule the lower the frequency used thelarger the depth of penetration.



02/07/1582


#s with any other N+T method the facilitymust have the appropriate equipment$

pro*es$ standards$ technical data andtrained personnel to perform the wor&.



02/07/158,

Summar+Summar+

n this class we have covered training andcertification$ audit and evaluation and 5 of themost commonly used N+T methods in general

terms. ead the vendors written practice$ and loo& at the

specifications in which inspections are to *eaccomplished -nsure that they have the required

materials to accomplish the wor&. ?hile usingthe 1# standard and a little familiarity with N+Ta thorough audit will *e accomplished.



InformationInformation

#dditional information on the su*:ect of N+T can *e purchased from the #NT at

asnt.org

Non Destructive Testing Evaluation

Documents

Transcript of Non Destructive Testing Evaluation