New college English

New college

English

Unit One

I Preparation II Reading Activities

III Further Development IV Translation & Writing

Part I Preparation

1. Getting to Know Getting to Know Your ClassmatesYour Classmates

2. Video Clip

Activity 1 Getting to know your classmates

Task and Direction Useful Sentence Patterns Useful Words and Expressions Possible Reasons for the Beliefs an

d Feelings

Walk around the classroom and find someone in your class who:

loves shopping does not eat beef( 牛肉 ) gets sick when riding on a bus loves to talk to himself/herself would scream at the sight of a snake is afraid of darkness thinks he/she is too fat


Walk around the classroom and find someone in your class who:

holds on to his/her money hates queuing( 排队 ) believes in ghosts( 鬼怪 ) has been to a fortune teller( 给人算命的人 ) would stand in front of a mirror for more than

10 minutes


Useful Sentence Patterns I love sth. I like/prefer sth./doing sth. I’m fond of doing sth. I’m crazy about sth./doing sth. I don’t like sth. I hate sth./doing sth. I can’t stand sth.


Useful Words and Expressions (1)

go shopping take delight in （以 ······ 为乐） afford to buy sth. （买的起） kill time （打发时间） have a sense of accomplishment （有成就感） religious beliefs （宗教信仰） get sick （感到恶心） poor service



timid （羞怯的） be terrified of poisonous disgusting （可恶的，讨厌的） be afraid of associate with ( 与 ······ 相联系 ) compare with keep slim ( 保持苗条 ) follow the trend ( 赶时髦 )



thrifty ( 节俭的 ) rely on save money a sense of security ( 安全感 ) Impatient believe in care about ( 关注 )


Group discussion:Group discussion:

What are the possible reasons for some of the beliefs and feelings?


Discussion Questions:

1. What is the root of the new director (Peck)’s psychological problem?

2. Has it ever happened to you that some of your former experiences greatly influence your later behaviors psychologically?

Activity 2 Video clip

Activity 2 Video clip

A light heart lives long.静以修身。A merry heart goes all the way.心旷神怡，事事顺利。Once bitten, twice shy.一遭被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。

Activity 3 Proverbs and sayings

Part II Reading Activities

1. Pre-reading Questions

2. Text Organization

3. Sentence Study

4. Words & Phrases

Can you offer the reasons why placebos do not always work?

Pre-reading Questions

The success of the placebo treatment seems to depend a lot on the relationship between the doctor and the patient. If the patient trusts the doctor very much and if the doctor is actually expected to help the patient, then the placebo is more likely to work.

What are the bad effects of a placebo?

Pre-reading Questions

If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine, then they will show a bad reaction to the placebo as well. This would seem to show that how you react to medicine is in your mind instead of in your body.

Text OrganizationText Organization

Introduction -- What is placebo?

Different cases in which a placebo may work:The placebo has been found to work with seasickness, coughs, colds and pains after an operation.

The study of the placebo -- First group (led by a doctor): 70 % of them got better.Second group (led by a nurse): Only 25 %.

Conclusion :The strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is.

Para.1-2

Para. 3-7

Para.8-9

Para. 10-11

Para.12

Two opposite attitudes towards the use of a placebo

1. 1. Sometimes Sometimes all a sick person needsall a sick person needs is some is some reassurancereassurance that all will be well. that all will be well. (Line 3)(Line 3)

Sentence Study

【句型】 All + sb. needs/cares about/ remembers … is + 表语某人所需要的 / 关心的 / 记着的一切就是······ 此句中， all 后面省略了 that ， all 后面带的是定语从句。【译文】有时候病人所需要的只是一个一切都会好的保证。

Sentence Study

【例句】

中国当前所需要的是和平与稳定中国当前所需要的是和平与稳定。

All China needs now is peace and stability.

我所能记住的有关我家乡的就是那条河，我我所能记住的有关我家乡的就是那条河，我曾和伙伴们一起在河里游泳。曾和伙伴们一起在河里游泳。

All I remember about my hometown is the river in which I swam with some of my friends.

2. It seems that if patients think they have been given medicine, they will have hope. (Line 21)

Sentence Study

【译文】如果病人们以为他们得到了药物治疗，他们似乎就会充满希望。

【例句】 It seems that everybody knows the rules for success, but few can practice them.

【句型】

Sentence Study

seem 一词主要有以下三种用法：

1) It seems that 从句 /as if ( 既可以是虚拟语气也可以是陈述语气 )

2) 主语 + seem to do…3) 主语 + seem (to be) + 形容词 / 名词 /

介词短语 / 分词等【例句】 1.The success of this treatment seems

to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor.

2. Such a question seems pretty simple, but actually when you take it for granted, you will make mistakes.

3. The placebo has been found to work with a lot of different cases. (Line 36)

Sentence Study

【译文】人们已经发现安慰剂能在很多不同的病例中发挥作用。

【句型】 work with… work with… 11 ））在在 ············ 方面起作用；适用于方面起作用；适用于 ············ ；；22 ）与）与 ············ 一起工作一起工作【例句】 1. The rules we discussed just now don’t work with this question.2. The two companies decided to work with each other on the development of the new product.

Words & Phrases

1. prescription (Line 1) n. a piece of paper on which a doctor writes the details of the medicine or drugs that someone needs 药方

【例句】1) Many medical experts regard Many medical experts regard prescriptionprescription as a kind of intellectual as a kind of intellectual

property that should also be legally protected.property that should also be legally protected.

2) ThatThat prescriptionprescription contains several kinds of precious herbal medicine.contains several kinds of precious herbal medicine.

Words & Phrases

prescribe prescribe (Line 4 (Line 4 ) ) v.v. (of a doctor) say what (medical (of a doctor) say what (medical

treatment) someonetreatment) someone should have should have

为为 ············ 开药方，嘱咐（疗法）开药方，嘱咐（疗法）

【例句】1) I have been prescribed some painkillers by the doctor.

2) That senior herbalist doctor prescribed needle therapy for him.

Words & Phrases

2. reaction 2. reaction (line 49) (line 49) n. n. 1. a response to or the1. a response to or the state resulting from a stimulus state resulting from a stimulus 2. a reverse or opposing action2. a reverse or opposing action 1. 1. 反应反应 2. 2. 反抗、对抗反抗、对抗 react v. react v. 反应，反抗反应，反抗

【例句】1)Her parents’ reaction to the news was surprisingly calm.2) A reaction against the occupation by the enemy began to develop after the incident.3)The audience reacted heartily to his speech.

Words & Phrases

3. reassurance (Line 4) n. help or advice that makes you feel less worried or frightened about a problem 安慰；保证

【例句】1) The reassurance from her supporters could not take her out of the fact that she had already lost the opportunity to take part in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

Words & Phrases

动词形式：动词形式： assureassure [ 辨析 ] assure assure 与与 ensureensure

assure assure 强调让某人深信某事，后可接强调让某人深信某事，后可接 thatthat 从句以及从句以及ofof 短语。短语。ensure ensure 是是““确保确保””的意思，同的意思，同 assure assure 一样，其后一样，其后可接可接 thatthat 从句，且从句中的谓语动词多用现在时态。从句，且从句中的谓语动词多用现在时态。【例句】1) We tried to assure the customer that all the laptop computers sold in our company were authorized by Apple Corporation of America.

2) Governments at all levels must take steps to ensure that most of the Chinese-language porn websites ( 色情网站 ) can be closed in this campaign.

Words & Phrases

4. heal (Line 13 ) v. make or become well

again, especially after a cut or other injury

（使）愈合 , （使）痊愈 , （使）康复

【例句】1) The wound soon healed up/over.

2) Fortunately, the medicine that could heal him of typhoid （伤寒） was not very expensive. 3 ） Her wound has been healed.

Words & Phrases

[ 辨析 ] cure, heal cure, heal 与与 treattreat

cure (vi./vt.) 治愈，着重于效果。短语 cure sb. of…

“治好某人的病”。用于比喻时，多指社会不良现象或个人恶疾的消除。heal (vi./vt.) 愈合。主要指外伤的愈合，也可用于 heal sb. of… 的结构。用于比喻时，多指精神创伤的医治。treat (vt.) 治疗。着重于过程。【例句】1)Teachers try to cure some students of bad habits. 2) Time can help her heal all her sorrows. 3) The doctor is treating me for influenza.

Words & Phrases

5. fool somebody into doing something (Line 17) trick somebody into doing something

哄骗某人干某事【例句】1) In humorous cartoon movie “Tom & Jerry”, the poor cat is always fooled into doing all kinds of stupid things by the clever mouse .

2) No one will be fooled into believing that comedian Pan Changjiang can become a NBA player.

Words & Phrases

6. rest with (Line 24)

lie with 取决于，得靠

【例句】1) It rests with her to decide. (The decision rests with her.)

2) Whether Chinese homemade movies can win the Oscar or not Whether Chinese homemade movies can win the Oscar or not rests with rests with many factors.many factors.

Words & Phrases

7. in a way (Line 27) partly, to some degree

就某种意义来说，在某种程度上

【例句】1) In 2004, singer Dao Lang’s popularity came out of the blue, which is a normal entertainment phenomenon in a way. 2) Stephen Chow’s (Zhou Xingchi) silly comedies also contain abundant philosophy in a way.

Words & Phrases

8. relief (Line 31) n. a feeling of comfort when something frightening, worrying, or painful has not happened or has ended （痛苦等的）减轻，解除 relieve v. 减轻，解除

[[ 例句 ]]1) To our great relief, the earthquake caused little damage.2) Listening to light music gave relief to his great pressure before the examinations. 3) Knowing the truth that he was still alive in that serious road accident relieved relieved his anxious relatives.his anxious relatives.

Words & Phrases

9. rather than (Line 51)

与其 ······ ，宁愿 ······ ；而不是 ······

【例句】1) That pair of gloves are comfortable rather than pretty.

2) As we know, Olympic gold medallist Liu Xiang is a hurdler rather than a sprinter （短跑运动员） .

Words & Phrases

[[ 辨析 ]] other than 1) 不同于，非2) 除了（多用于否定句中类似于 not… except… 结构）

【例句】1)I do not wish you other than you are.2)2) There is nothing in that house other than a cat. 3 ） Those survivors could hardly be other than grateful.

1. Word Association and story-telling

2. Trying to be a good psychologist

Part III Further Development

Directions:

Step One

Work in groups to recall as many words as possible from the text “Is There a Doctor in the Body?” that are related to the field of medicine such as doctor, prescription, treatment, pill. Write down the words on the blackboard and see which group can get the most. You may also suggest words that do not appear in the text.

1. Word association and story-telling

Sample word list

Emergency, first aid, injure, penicillin, shock, wound, sore, scrape, choking, bruise, shot, pulse, unconsciousness, antibiotic, cough, rescue, ambulance, fainting, thermometer, soothe, injection, headache, toothache, stomachache, hospital, dentist, therapy, therapist, chemist, physician, surgeon ,drug, medicine, heart attack, chronic, bleeding, fracture, fever, flu, cold, dislocation, temperature, disease, illness, cancer, infection, ulcer, placebo, case, heal, treat, cure, capsule, pill, tablet, syrup, prescribe, cut, examine, X-ray, operation

Word association and story-telling

STEP TWO Work in groups to make up a story using as

many words as possible from the list on the blackboard.

Try to make your story interesting and logical.


Sample story (1) Last summer, my friends and I decided to go

mountain climbing. Our excursion up the mountain turned out to be a disappointing adventure. We began by following the long winding path that leads to the summit of the mountain. It was raining so it was very slippery in some spots. When we were half way up, one of my friends fell. He hurt his leg very badly. It bled a lot and it was so painful that he could not walk. We were sure he had a broken leg. With the help of several kind people we managed to carry him all the way down the mountain.


Sample story (2) When we reached the village, we were able to get a

taxi to the hospital. The doctor cleaned the cuts and bruises and examined my friend’s leg very thoroughly. He said that it was not broken but that it would be very sore for some time and that it would take a while for the cuts to heal. Just knowing that his leg wasn’t broken made my friend feel much better. The doctor gave him an injection of antibiotics to prevent infection and told him that he would have to come back for more shots.


Sample story (3) Three days later we came down with terrible colds.

We all had bad coughs so we went to see the doctor. He prescribed some cough medicine. He said that the medicine wouldn’t cure our coughs but that it would soothe our throats.

Feeling tired and discouraged, we decided to leave for home. Our mountain-climbing trip had not been very successful. We were three healthy people when we arrived and we left feeling tired and miserable.


Directions: The following are some problems related to our daily life. Work in groups and try to be a psychologist to come up with a solution or to give some advice.

1. Susan is a shy girl. She is afraid of talking with others. 2. Jack is the owner of a boutique ( 时装店 ). His clothes do

not sell well. 3. Peter is a sloppy ( 马虎的 ) college student. He is

reluctant to make his bed and wash his clothes. 4. Tom is a football fan. He’s depressed to see his team

always defeated.

2. Trying to be a psychologist

Sample answers to problem 1• Praising her to boost her self-confidence.• She needs some good friends who will often

talk to her and her communication skills will gradually Improve.

• She should start by talking to people on the phone.


Sample answers to problem 2• he should raise the prices of his clothes.• Preparing only one for every style to make

people feel unique.• A careful study of the customers’ needs is

really important and worth the effort.• Making the price very high and offer a discount.


Sample answers to problem 3• Peter may be advised to pay someone

to help him do the cleaning.• Help him find a girlfriend and he will

surely do the cleaning.


Sample answers to problem 4

• Tell him to watch some games where we Chinese have great advantage, such as table tennis, swimming, or even the women’s football game.

• Helping him to cultivate some other healthy hobbies and interests.


1. Translation Skills

2. Writing Practice

Part IV Translation & Writing

Translation Skills

翻译中的抽象与具体

Translation Skills

英语中有些词语表示的是抽象的概念，在翻译时需要把抽象的词转换为具体的词汇，以使译文流畅、通顺。而在某些语境中，有些表示具体概念的词汇需要译成抽象词汇。这就是抽象与具体的互相转换。

抽象名词具体化其他词类具体化具体概念抽象化

e.g.

1. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business.

商店、公司和广告商都利用心理因素来增加营业额。2. We must also believe that everything is

being done to minimize our delay.

我们还必须相信人们正在采取一切措施来减少耽误的时间。

Translation Skills

e.g.

3. Helen applied herself to the key, moving it every possible way, and the door suddenly yielded to her hand.

海伦拨弄着钥匙，朝各个方向拧了一阵之后，门忽然开了。

4. He felt the patriot within him.

他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。

Translation Skills

Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled “Psychology in Our Life”. Focus your composition on one or two cases so that your writing won’t be too difficult to organize. Your composition should be at least 120 words. Remember to write neatly. You may begin your composition like this:

Psychology plays an important role in our daily life...

Writing Practice

Sample WritingPsychology in Our Life Psychology plays an important role in our daily

life. Our feelings and attitudes influence the way we behave. Confidence is a good example.

In reality, a large number of people complain that they haven’t the ability to do something or that their difficulties are too great to overcome. In some cases, this may be true. But in other cases, it means that people allow themselves to get discouraged.

For example, a confident man can accomplish

Writing Practice

Sample Writing many things well. You might not always do as well as you

hope, but you will try hard than if you don’t have confidence. A man who lacks self-confidence might not be able to complete simple tasks. Without confidence you might be nervous, unsure of yourself and confused about what to do and how to do it. You might think you will fail, but perhaps the reason is that you do not try hard enough.

There is a well-known proverb saying: “Where there is a will, there is a way.” In other words, if you have the will or the determination to do something, you will always find a way to do it. Having confidence is an important part of life.

Writing Practice

Thank YouThank You Thank YouThank You Thank YouThank You Thank YouThank You

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