“NEETs: an European Picture of the NEET phenomenon”
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Transcript of “NEETs: an European Picture of the NEET phenomenon”
Not in Employment, Education and Training
An European Picture of the NEET phenomenon.
Massimiliano Mascherini
EUROFOUNDEuropean Foundation for the Improvement
of Living and Working Conditions
[email protected] @MascheriniM
• At the European level, NEETs are defined as all the unemployed and inactive persons (according to ILO definition) who, regardless their educational level, are currently not in any education and training.
• The acronym NEETs first emerged in the UK in the late 1980s
• This is the definition agreed by the Employment Committee (EMCO) and its indicators group.
INDIC/02/260110/EN - INDIC/11/210410/EN - EMCO/31/190510/EN
(unemployed and inactive not in educ. and training)
(all young people population)NEET rate =
NEETs are an heterogeneous population.
Conventionally Unemployed
Unavailable Disengaged Voluntary NEETs and Opportunity seekers
• They do not accumulate human capital through formal channels
• Bring special populations at the centre of the policy debate
• Must be disaggregated when using the concept for policymaking
How many NEETs in Europe?
NEE
T ra
te in
Eur
ope,
201
2 –
Sour
ce: E
uros
tat
7.8 million NEETs 15-246.8 million NEETs 25-29
2007-2012• Almost doubled in
GR,ES,IE.• Increased sharply also
in DK, NL• Baltic Reps: sharp
increase and now decrease
Potential risk factors of ending up NEETs
• Low educational level (+300%)
• Living in remote areas (+150%)
• Immigration background (+70%)
• Suffering disabilities (+40%)
• Parents with low educ. level (+200%)
• Divorced parent (+40%)
• Parents experienced unempl. (+17%)
• Low household income (+100%)
Spending a protracted period outside labour market and education may lead to a wide range of negative social conditions:
These outcomes each have a cost attached to them and therefore being NEET is not just a problem for the individual but also for societies and economies as a whole.
• Isolation • Disaffection
• Political Marginalization and Extremisms • Asocial lifestyle
• Risk of health problems
119 BN
2008
139 BN
147 BN153 BN
162 BN
2009 2010 2011 2012
Billi
on E
uro
Taking into account the foregone earnings and the additional expenditure for the welfare systems, EUROFOUND estimated the economic loss of having 14 million of NEETs.
How to fight youth unemployment and to re-integrate NEETs into labour market and education?
Discouraged youth
Lack of education
Lack of experience
Frictional unemployment
Different people – different needs
Unavailable
• Policies have to take into account the diversity of youth population
Discouraged youth
Lack of education
Lack of experience
Frictional unemployment
Different people – different needs
Unavailable
• Policies have to take into account the diversity of youth population
Good job seeking infrastructure
Practical possibilities to complete their education
Subsidised employment Guidance and motivation
Vocational trainingTraineeships
Removing barriers
• In some period the time of intervention is crucial!
Preventing Early School Leavers
Diagnostic policies
Alternative schooling environments
General and careers counselling and support
Increasing compulsory age
Supporting School to Work transition
Advice and Guidance
Apprenticeships
Traineeships
Internships
Steps Forward
• Many Member States need a new approach to the problem: Mismatches need to be fought and more preventative approaches need to be taken!
• It is simply the time to act now!
• Member States should learn from each other and adapt good practices to their national context when thinking about the transferability of these policies.
[email protected] @MascheriniM
• Youth unemployment : an endless bleeding of talents that governments fail in re-integrate into the labour market.
THANKS!
[email protected] @MascheriniM