NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal...
Transcript of NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal...
![Page 1: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET
experiences
Zhiqiang Feng
University of Edinburgh
Longitudinal Studies Roadshow, Aberdeen, 2015
![Page 2: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Contents
Overview
Research questions
Data and methods
Preliminary results
Conclusions
![Page 3: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Definition
NEET—young people Not in Employment, Education or Training
The high level of NEETs is regarded as a serious social problem
![Page 4: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Proportion of NEETs in Scotland 2004-2013
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Pro
po
rtio
n (%
)
Year
Source: Annual Population Survey, Jan-Dec, Claimant count, ONS
![Page 6: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Overview
In Scotland NEETs are usually defined as those aged 16-19.
Training Programmes: Modern Apprentices, Skillseekers, Get Ready for Work, Training for
Work
Financial schemes: EMAs
![Page 7: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Previous findings
There is a consistent scarring effect for being unemployed youth in later labour market participation and payment penalty;
There is a negative effect of NEET experiences on physical, psychological health, and well-being;
The effects of NEET vary with gender, males are shown to suffer poorer performance in labour market while females are shown to suffer in terms of both employment and health.
![Page 8: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Previous studies
Most studies are descriptive
Self-reported health outcomes
Lack of research on long-term effects of NEET on health, especially in the contemporary context
![Page 9: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Research questions
To what extent does NEET status affect health in the long term?
![Page 10: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Data The Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS)
Based on 20 dates of birth, semi-random sample, 5.3% of Scottish population (N=260,000)
Record linking through census, vital registrations, patient records, school
census
Starts from 1991
![Page 11: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Study population
N = 8,588, 11.7% NEETs in 1991
1991 Age 16-19
2011
Age 36-39
![Page 12: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Hospitalisation
SMR01, ISD (Information Service Department)
2001-2010
Any admission during the period
Female pregnancy related admission excluded
![Page 13: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Prescribing data
ISD (Information Service Department)
Prescribing information system
2009 – 2012
BNF (British National Formulary codes): 4.2 (antipsychotics)
4.3 (anti-depressants)
4.1.2 (anxiolytics)
![Page 14: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Methods
Descriptive analysis
Summary by age, gender, qualifications, housing tenure, health
Statistical analysis:
logit regression
Outcome
hospitalisation, 2001- 2010
Poor mental health, 2009-2012
![Page 15: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
LLTI in 1991
Source: Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Men Women
LLT
I %
Gender
non-NEET
NEET
![Page 16: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Hospitalisation 2001-2010 by gender and 1991 NEET status
Source: Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Men Women
Ho
spit
alis
atio
n %
Gender
non-NEET
NEET
![Page 17: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Depression & anxiety 2009-2012 by gender and 1991 NEET status
Source: Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Men Women
Dep
ress
ion
& A
nxi
ety
(%)
Gender
Non-NEET
NEET
![Page 18: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Modelling analysis
Outcomes 1. Hospitalisation 2001-2010
2. Depression and anxiety, 2009-2012
Confounders: age, gender, educational qualification, tenure, deprivation, council
Variable of interest:
NEET status 1991
Interaction of 1991 NEET and 2001 NEET status
![Page 19: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Status in 1991 and 2001
1991 2001
NEET NEET
NEET non-NEET
Non-NEET NEET
Non-NEET non-NEET
![Page 20: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Hospitalisation, 2001-2010, all
Source: Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS)
![Page 21: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Hospitalisation, 2001-2010, women
Source: Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS)
![Page 22: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Hospitalisation, 2001-2010, men
Source: Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS)
![Page 23: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ORs and CIs of hospitalisation by 1991 & 2001 NEET status
Source: Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS)
![Page 24: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Depression and anxiety, 2009-2012, all
Source: Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS)
![Page 25: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Depression and anxiety, 2009-2012, women
Source: Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS)
![Page 26: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Depression and anxiety, 2009-2012, men
Source: Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS)
![Page 27: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ORs and 95% CIs of depression & anxiety by 1991 & 2001 NEET status
Source: Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS)
![Page 28: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Conclusions
NEET experiences in 1991 were associated with higher risks of: Hospitalisation Depression and anxiety.
The higher risk is consistent by gender. Being NEET persistently at two time points is
associated with the highest risk of poor health, suggestive of cumulative effect The effect of 1991 NEET status is not mitigated by
involvement of employment and education in 2001.
![Page 29: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Conclusions
NEET experiences have long term negative effects on health
Policy intervention is needed to help NEET young people back to work/
education
![Page 30: NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health ... · NEETs in Scotland: a longitudinal analysis of health effects of NEET experiences Zhiqiang Feng University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042019/5e76982a9c152b54f41416ef/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Acknowledgements
Research team: Kevin Ralston, Dawn Everington, Gillian Raab, Elspeth Graham, Chris Dibben
The help provided by staff of the Longitudinal Studies Centre - Scotland (LSCS) is acknowledged.
The LSCS is supported by the ESRC/JISC, the Scottish Funding Council, the Chief Scientist's Office and the Scottish Government. The authors are responsible for the interpretation of the data. Census output is Crown copyright and is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland
Thank support from the Employability, Skills and Lifelong Learning analysis research team of the Scottish Government