NATURE AND NAVAL DESIGN a practical approach NATURE AND NAVAL DESIGN a practical approach Iñigo...

NATURE AND NAVAL DESIGNNATURE AND NAVAL DESIGN a practical approach a practical approach

Iñigo EcheniqueIñigo EcheniqueNaval Architect Naval Architect

““There is a book opened to all the eyes: Nature”There is a book opened to all the eyes: Nature”RousseauRousseau

GIJON May 2007

Traditional boatsTraditional boatsconvergent evolutionconvergent evolution

RIVER BOAT I C, ACRIVER BOAT I C, ACCarving in roman graveCarving in roman grave

Gamela from La GuardiaGamela from La Guardia

Gamela from CorujoGamela from Corujo

IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010

TRADITIONAL BOATSTRADITIONAL BOATSadaptationadaptation

Shroud and halyardShroud and halyard

Sail clewSail clew

SheetSheet


TRADITIONAL BOATSTRADITIONAL BOATSadaptationadaptation

Dorna xeiteiraDorna xeiteira

Boats in Feroe islandsBoats in Feroe islands


Traditional BoatsTraditional Boatsirmandiña vs modern cruiseirmandiña vs modern cruise

Length Length OO

Length Length FF

Beam Beam MM

DepthDepth DisplaDisplac.c.

BallasBallastt

Sail Sail areaarea

DornaDorna 9.509.50 7.807.80 3.153.15 1.281.28 42004200 10201020 4545

9 m 9 m SloopSloop

9.009.00 7.607.60 3.203.20 1.701.70 31503150 14501450 4747


GRAY PARADOXGRAY PARADOX

Dolphin speed not compatible with the values Dolphin speed not compatible with the values of the hydrodinamic resistanceof the hydrodinamic resistance


GRAY PARADOXGRAY PARADOX

NR cr = 6x10NR cr = 6x1066 Common dolphinCommon dolphin

(Delphinus delphis)(Delphinus delphis)Bottlenose dolphinBottlenose dolphin

(Tursiops (Tursiops Truncatus)Truncatus)

Length Length 2 m2 m 3 m3 m

WeightWeight 100 kg100 kg 300 kg300 kg

Maximum speed Maximum speed 25 Nudos25 Nudos 17 Nudos17 Nudos

Reynolds NumberReynolds Number 19x1019x1066 19x1019x1066

7 times larger muscle efficiency …7 times larger muscle efficiency … IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010

Resistance analysisResistance analysis

Form factor.Form factor.

Nature of the movementNature of the movement

Skin properties. KramerSkin properties. Kramer

HIGH LAMINARITY OF THE FLOWHIGH LAMINARITY OF THE FLOW

Boundary Layer imagesBoundary Layer imagesLatz y RohrLatz y Rohr


DOLPHIN SKIN 1DOLPHIN SKIN 1

- Forma exterior deformab.Forma exterior deformab.- Proteína viscosa subdérmicaProteína viscosa subdérmica- Músculos cutáneos muy desarrolladosMúsculos cutáneos muy desarrollados- Alta sensitividad de la pielAlta sensitividad de la piel- Control activo de formaControl activo de forma

Piel artificial. KramerPiel artificial. KramerSección piel delfínSección piel delfín


LA PIEL DEL DELFIN 2LA PIEL DEL DELFIN 2

Distribución de la rugosidadDistribución de la rugosidad

- Rugosidad cutáneaRugosidad cutánea

- Efecto en el CdEfecto en el Cd

Sección transversalSección transversal


ANALISIS PROPULSIVOANALISIS PROPULSIVO

Características aleta caudalCaracterísticas aleta caudal

- Angulos de ataque elevadosAngulos de ataque elevados

- Número de Reynolds altoNúmero de Reynolds alto

- Flexibilidad limitadaFlexibilidad limitada


CARACTERISTICAS del TIMON del VELEROCARACTERISTICAS del TIMON del VELERO

Advantages as lifting surfaceAdvantages as lifting surface

1.- High aspect ratio posibilities.1.- High aspect ratio posibilities.

2.- Low t/c profiles2.- Low t/c profiles

3.- Optimisation of the angle of attack3.- Optimisation of the angle of attack

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

1.- Stalling1.- Stalling2.- High profile resistance2.- High profile resistance3.- Aeration3.- Aeration


PERFIL DE LA ALETA CAUDAL DEL DELFIN MULARPERFIL DE LA ALETA CAUDAL DEL DELFIN MULAR

- High stall angles- High stall angles- Large value of Cl-Cd for high - Large value of Cl-Cd for high angles angles


ENSAYOS DE CANAL ETSIN 1991ENSAYOS DE CANAL ETSIN 1991

Rudder 1Rudder 1 Rudder 2Rudder 2

ARGARG 4.54.5 5.35.3

VELOCIDADVELOCIDAD 9 Knots9 Knots 9 Knots9 Knots

t/ct/c 14%14% 14%14%

Profile typeProfile type WortzmannWortzmann LizzieLizzie

Stalling angleStalling angle 15º15º 27º27º


ENSAYOS DE CANAL ETSIN 1991ENSAYOS DE CANAL ETSIN 1991


PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 1PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 1

747 OD a 17 nudos747 OD a 17 nudos


PRACTICAL APLICATIONS 2PRACTICAL APLICATIONS 2

- Around two hundred rudders. Around two hundred rudders. - Dynamic stabilisers…Dynamic stabilisers…

Sea Cloud IISea Cloud II E E 92 V Centenario92 V Centenario


PROBLEMPROBLEM

1.1. BALANCE IN ZERO SPEED CONDITIONBALANCE IN ZERO SPEED CONDITION

BALANCE AT LOW SPEEDBALANCE AT LOW SPEED

______________________________________________________2.2. LOW STABILITY IN ROUGH SEASLOW STABILITY IN ROUGH SEAS


STABILISATIONSTABILISATION

DAMPINGDAMPINGEnergy disipationEnergy disipation

AJUSTMENTAJUSTMENTIncrement in the rolling periodIncrement in the rolling periodAdded inertiaAdded inertia

EQUILIBRIUMEQUILIBRIUMReduction of the exciting momentReduction of the exciting momentOpposite forcesOpposite forces

extMCBA ···


Present solutionsPresent solutions

BILGE KEEELSBILGE KEEELS

STABILISER TANKSSTABILISER TANKS

FLOPPER STOPPERSFLOPPER STOPPERS

DINAMIC STABILISERSDINAMIC STABILISERS

MOVABLE WEIGHTSMOVABLE WEIGHTS

GIROSCOPIC STABILISERSGIROSCOPIC STABILISERS

ROTATORY CYLINDERS ROTATORY CYLINDERS

SYSTEMS VS PROPULSION BASEDSYSTEMS VS PROPULSION BASED


BILGE KEELSBILGE KEELS

+ + EconomicEconomic - - Limited efectivenessLimited efectiveness

- Hydrodinamic resistance- Hydrodinamic resistance


STABILISING TANKSSTABILISING TANKS

+ + EfectivenessEfectiveness - - Technical complexityTechnical complexity

- Installation cost- Installation cost

- Interior volume lossInterior volume loss

- Limited applicationLimited application

- Stability loss- Stability loss

- Noise- Noise


FLOPPER STOPPERS-H.D.FLOPPER STOPPERS-H.D.

+ Moderate effectiveness+ Moderate effectiveness

+ Economy+ Economy

- Complex installationComplex installation

- Necesity of poles or cranesNecesity of poles or cranes

- Storage- Storage


HIDRODYNAMIC STABILISERS. Z.S/S.U.A.HIDRODYNAMIC STABILISERS. Z.S/S.U.A.

+ + Use at speedUse at speed

+ Efectivity for small+ Efectivity for small

anglesangles

- - Reduced forces. ConceptReduced forces. Concept

- High hydrodinamic - High hydrodinamic resistanceresistance

- Cost- Cost

- Noise- Noise

- Energy consumption- Energy consumption

- Limited application- Limited application


FISH PECTORAL FINSFISH PECTORAL FINS

Functions:Functions:- DirectionDirection

Influence of speedInfluence of speed

Influence or articulationInfluence or articulation- Longitudinal stabilityLongitudinal stability

Habitat influenceHabitat influence

Profile influenceProfile influence- LiftLift

Oceanic sharksOceanic sharks


SISSISPRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES

Hydrodinamic resistance of a flat plate in a Hydrodinamic resistance of a flat plate in a perpendicular flowperpendicular flow

Fish pectoral finsFish pectoral fins

Proportional forces to the external momentProportional forces to the external moment Increment in the ships natural periodIncrement in the ships natural period

Added massAdded mass


SISSIS

+ + MAXIMUM EFFECTIVITYMAXIMUM EFFECTIVITY

+ SIMPLICITY+ SIMPLICITY

+ MODERATE COST+ MODERATE COST

+ REDUCED LOSS OFTHE INTERIOR VOLUME+ REDUCED LOSS OFTHE INTERIOR VOLUME

+ LARGE APPLICATION FIELD+ LARGE APPLICATION FIELD

+ NO EXTRA RESISTANCE AT SPEED+ NO EXTRA RESISTANCE AT SPEED

+ EFFECTIVITY IN ROUGH SEAS+ EFFECTIVITY IN ROUGH SEAS

+ OPTION OF DYNAMIC OPERATION+ OPTION OF DYNAMIC OPERATION

+ INCREMENT IN THE ROLLING PERIOD+ INCREMENT IN THE ROLLING PERIOD


SISSISensayos Holanda 2004ensayos Holanda 2004

vosper-heesen-marinvosper-heesen-marin


SISSISTANK TESTINGTANK TESTING. Holland 2004. Holland 2004


SISSISTank TestingTank Testing. Holland 2004. Holland 2004


SIS in planning vesselsSIS in planning vesselsapplication azimut 65application azimut 65

Legth Overall 18.96 m

Beam 4.63 m

Draft 1.05 m

Displacement 37 T

BM 2.81 m

GM. 1.88

Fuel % 75

Fresh water % 0

Flotation area 66.74 m2


SIS in planning vesselsSIS in planning vesselsREAL SCALE TESTS


SISSISAPPLICATION FIELDSAPPLICATION FIELDS

DISPLACEMENT AND SEMIDISPLACEMENT YACHTSDISPLACEMENT AND SEMIDISPLACEMENT YACHTS

FAST YACHTSFAST YACHTS

FISSING VESSELS AT LOW SPEEDFISSING VESSELS AT LOW SPEED

HOSPITAL SHIPS AND SUPPLYSHOSPITAL SHIPS AND SUPPLYS

PATROL VESSELSPATROL VESSELS

RESCUES AND LIFE SAVING BOATSRESCUES AND LIFE SAVING BOATS

PASSENGER SHIPSPASSENGER SHIPS

FAST FERRIESFAST FERRIES


DESIGN FOR HUMAN AND SEA-IDESIGN FOR HUMAN AND SEA-I

FUTUREFUTURE

SEA AS ENERGY PROVIDERSEA AS ENERGY PROVIDER- Wind - Wind - Waves- Waves- Currents- Currents

INCREASE IN DEEP WATER OPERATIONSINCREASE IN DEEP WATER OPERATIONS- Minerals- Minerals- Petrol- Petrol


DESIGN FOR HUMAN AND SEA-IIDESIGN FOR HUMAN AND SEA-II

FUTURE 2FUTURE 2

INCREASE IN FISHING PRESSUREINCREASE IN FISHING PRESSURE

FISH FARMS AS ALTERNATIVEFISH FARMS AS ALTERNATIVE SEA COLONYS, ARTIFICIAL ISLANDSSEA COLONYS, ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS

NEW MARINE VEHICLES AND TRANSPORTNEW MARINE VEHICLES AND TRANSPORT


SMDCSMDC


DESIGN FOR HUMAN AND SEA-IIDESIGN FOR HUMAN AND SEA-II

SOME CONSIDERATIONS:SOME CONSIDERATIONS:

– HIGH INCREASE IN SAFETY DEMANDS REGULATION IN DESIGN HIGH INCREASE IN SAFETY DEMANDS REGULATION IN DESIGN AND OPERATIONAND OPERATION

– ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION STUDIES FOR NEW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION STUDIES FOR NEW DEVELOPMENTS DEVELOPMENTS

– GLOBAL LEGISLATION. NEW RULES FOR NEW ENVIRONMENTGLOBAL LEGISLATION. NEW RULES FOR NEW ENVIRONMENT – BUSSINESS ETHICAL LIMITS APPLICATION. NEW GENERATIONS BUSSINESS ETHICAL LIMITS APPLICATION. NEW GENERATIONS

EDUCATION EDUCATION


SMDCSMDC


FUTURE?FUTURE?


NATURE AND NAVAL DESIGN a practical approach NATURE AND NAVAL DESIGN a practical approach Iñigo...

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