NATURE AND NAVAL DESIGNNATURE AND NAVAL DESIGN a practical approach a practical approach
Iñigo EcheniqueIñigo EcheniqueNaval Architect Naval Architect
““There is a book opened to all the eyes: Nature”There is a book opened to all the eyes: Nature”RousseauRousseau
GIJON May 2007
Traditional boatsTraditional boatsconvergent evolutionconvergent evolution
RIVER BOAT I C, ACRIVER BOAT I C, ACCarving in roman graveCarving in roman grave
Gamela from La GuardiaGamela from La Guardia
Gamela from CorujoGamela from Corujo
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
TRADITIONAL BOATSTRADITIONAL BOATSadaptationadaptation
Shroud and halyardShroud and halyard
Sail clewSail clew
SheetSheet
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
TRADITIONAL BOATSTRADITIONAL BOATSadaptationadaptation
Dorna xeiteiraDorna xeiteira
Boats in Feroe islandsBoats in Feroe islands
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
Traditional BoatsTraditional Boatsirmandiña vs modern cruiseirmandiña vs modern cruise
Length Length OO
Length Length FF
Beam Beam MM
DepthDepth DisplaDisplac.c.
BallasBallastt
Sail Sail areaarea
DornaDorna 9.509.50 7.807.80 3.153.15 1.281.28 42004200 10201020 4545
9 m 9 m SloopSloop
9.009.00 7.607.60 3.203.20 1.701.70 31503150 14501450 4747
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
GRAY PARADOXGRAY PARADOX
Dolphin speed not compatible with the values Dolphin speed not compatible with the values of the hydrodinamic resistanceof the hydrodinamic resistance
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
GRAY PARADOXGRAY PARADOX
NR cr = 6x10NR cr = 6x1066 Common dolphinCommon dolphin
(Delphinus delphis)(Delphinus delphis)Bottlenose dolphinBottlenose dolphin
(Tursiops (Tursiops Truncatus)Truncatus)
Length Length 2 m2 m 3 m3 m
WeightWeight 100 kg100 kg 300 kg300 kg
Maximum speed Maximum speed 25 Nudos25 Nudos 17 Nudos17 Nudos
Reynolds NumberReynolds Number 19x1019x1066 19x1019x1066
7 times larger muscle efficiency …7 times larger muscle efficiency … IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
Resistance analysisResistance analysis
Form factor.Form factor.
Nature of the movementNature of the movement
Skin properties. KramerSkin properties. Kramer
HIGH LAMINARITY OF THE FLOWHIGH LAMINARITY OF THE FLOW
Boundary Layer imagesBoundary Layer imagesLatz y RohrLatz y Rohr
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
DOLPHIN SKIN 1DOLPHIN SKIN 1
- Forma exterior deformab.Forma exterior deformab.- Proteína viscosa subdérmicaProteína viscosa subdérmica- Músculos cutáneos muy desarrolladosMúsculos cutáneos muy desarrollados- Alta sensitividad de la pielAlta sensitividad de la piel- Control activo de formaControl activo de forma
Piel artificial. KramerPiel artificial. KramerSección piel delfínSección piel delfín
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
LA PIEL DEL DELFIN 2LA PIEL DEL DELFIN 2
Distribución de la rugosidadDistribución de la rugosidad
- Rugosidad cutáneaRugosidad cutánea
- Efecto en el CdEfecto en el Cd
Sección transversalSección transversal
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
ANALISIS PROPULSIVOANALISIS PROPULSIVO
Características aleta caudalCaracterísticas aleta caudal
- Angulos de ataque elevadosAngulos de ataque elevados
- Número de Reynolds altoNúmero de Reynolds alto
- Flexibilidad limitadaFlexibilidad limitada
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
CARACTERISTICAS del TIMON del VELEROCARACTERISTICAS del TIMON del VELERO
Advantages as lifting surfaceAdvantages as lifting surface
1.- High aspect ratio posibilities.1.- High aspect ratio posibilities.
2.- Low t/c profiles2.- Low t/c profiles
3.- Optimisation of the angle of attack3.- Optimisation of the angle of attack
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
1.- Stalling1.- Stalling2.- High profile resistance2.- High profile resistance3.- Aeration3.- Aeration
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
PERFIL DE LA ALETA CAUDAL DEL DELFIN MULARPERFIL DE LA ALETA CAUDAL DEL DELFIN MULAR
- High stall angles- High stall angles- Large value of Cl-Cd for high - Large value of Cl-Cd for high angles angles
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
ENSAYOS DE CANAL ETSIN 1991ENSAYOS DE CANAL ETSIN 1991
Rudder 1Rudder 1 Rudder 2Rudder 2
ARGARG 4.54.5 5.35.3
VELOCIDADVELOCIDAD 9 Knots9 Knots 9 Knots9 Knots
t/ct/c 14%14% 14%14%
Profile typeProfile type WortzmannWortzmann LizzieLizzie
Stalling angleStalling angle 15º15º 27º27º
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
ENSAYOS DE CANAL ETSIN 1991ENSAYOS DE CANAL ETSIN 1991
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 1PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 1
747 OD a 17 nudos747 OD a 17 nudos
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
PRACTICAL APLICATIONS 2PRACTICAL APLICATIONS 2
- Around two hundred rudders. Around two hundred rudders. - Dynamic stabilisers…Dynamic stabilisers…
Sea Cloud IISea Cloud II E E 92 V Centenario92 V Centenario
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
PROBLEMPROBLEM
1.1. BALANCE IN ZERO SPEED CONDITIONBALANCE IN ZERO SPEED CONDITION
BALANCE AT LOW SPEEDBALANCE AT LOW SPEED
______________________________________________________2.2. LOW STABILITY IN ROUGH SEASLOW STABILITY IN ROUGH SEAS
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
STABILISATIONSTABILISATION
DAMPINGDAMPINGEnergy disipationEnergy disipation
AJUSTMENTAJUSTMENTIncrement in the rolling periodIncrement in the rolling periodAdded inertiaAdded inertia
EQUILIBRIUMEQUILIBRIUMReduction of the exciting momentReduction of the exciting momentOpposite forcesOpposite forces
extMCBA ···
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
Present solutionsPresent solutions
BILGE KEEELSBILGE KEEELS
STABILISER TANKSSTABILISER TANKS
FLOPPER STOPPERSFLOPPER STOPPERS
DINAMIC STABILISERSDINAMIC STABILISERS
MOVABLE WEIGHTSMOVABLE WEIGHTS
GIROSCOPIC STABILISERSGIROSCOPIC STABILISERS
ROTATORY CYLINDERS ROTATORY CYLINDERS
SYSTEMS VS PROPULSION BASEDSYSTEMS VS PROPULSION BASED
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
BILGE KEELSBILGE KEELS
+ + EconomicEconomic - - Limited efectivenessLimited efectiveness
- Hydrodinamic resistance- Hydrodinamic resistance
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
STABILISING TANKSSTABILISING TANKS
+ + EfectivenessEfectiveness - - Technical complexityTechnical complexity
- Installation cost- Installation cost
- Interior volume lossInterior volume loss
- Limited applicationLimited application
- Stability loss- Stability loss
- Noise- Noise
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
FLOPPER STOPPERS-H.D.FLOPPER STOPPERS-H.D.
+ Moderate effectiveness+ Moderate effectiveness
+ Economy+ Economy
- Complex installationComplex installation
- Necesity of poles or cranesNecesity of poles or cranes
- Storage- Storage
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
HIDRODYNAMIC STABILISERS. Z.S/S.U.A.HIDRODYNAMIC STABILISERS. Z.S/S.U.A.
+ + Use at speedUse at speed
+ Efectivity for small+ Efectivity for small
anglesangles
- - Reduced forces. ConceptReduced forces. Concept
- High hydrodinamic - High hydrodinamic resistanceresistance
- Cost- Cost
- Noise- Noise
- Energy consumption- Energy consumption
- Limited application- Limited application
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
FISH PECTORAL FINSFISH PECTORAL FINS
Functions:Functions:- DirectionDirection
Influence of speedInfluence of speed
Influence or articulationInfluence or articulation- Longitudinal stabilityLongitudinal stability
Habitat influenceHabitat influence
Profile influenceProfile influence- LiftLift
Oceanic sharksOceanic sharks
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
SISSISPRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES
Hydrodinamic resistance of a flat plate in a Hydrodinamic resistance of a flat plate in a perpendicular flowperpendicular flow
Fish pectoral finsFish pectoral fins
Proportional forces to the external momentProportional forces to the external moment Increment in the ships natural periodIncrement in the ships natural period
Added massAdded mass
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
SISSIS
+ + MAXIMUM EFFECTIVITYMAXIMUM EFFECTIVITY
+ SIMPLICITY+ SIMPLICITY
+ MODERATE COST+ MODERATE COST
+ REDUCED LOSS OFTHE INTERIOR VOLUME+ REDUCED LOSS OFTHE INTERIOR VOLUME
+ LARGE APPLICATION FIELD+ LARGE APPLICATION FIELD
+ NO EXTRA RESISTANCE AT SPEED+ NO EXTRA RESISTANCE AT SPEED
+ EFFECTIVITY IN ROUGH SEAS+ EFFECTIVITY IN ROUGH SEAS
+ OPTION OF DYNAMIC OPERATION+ OPTION OF DYNAMIC OPERATION
+ INCREMENT IN THE ROLLING PERIOD+ INCREMENT IN THE ROLLING PERIOD
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
SISSISensayos Holanda 2004ensayos Holanda 2004
vosper-heesen-marinvosper-heesen-marin
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
SISSISTANK TESTINGTANK TESTING. Holland 2004. Holland 2004
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
SISSISTank TestingTank Testing. Holland 2004. Holland 2004
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
SIS in planning vesselsSIS in planning vesselsapplication azimut 65application azimut 65
Legth Overall 18.96 m
Beam 4.63 m
Draft 1.05 m
Displacement 37 T
BM 2.81 m
GM. 1.88
Fuel % 75
Fresh water % 0
Flotation area 66.74 m2
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
SIS in planning vesselsSIS in planning vesselsREAL SCALE TESTS
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
SISSISAPPLICATION FIELDSAPPLICATION FIELDS
DISPLACEMENT AND SEMIDISPLACEMENT YACHTSDISPLACEMENT AND SEMIDISPLACEMENT YACHTS
FAST YACHTSFAST YACHTS
FISSING VESSELS AT LOW SPEEDFISSING VESSELS AT LOW SPEED
HOSPITAL SHIPS AND SUPPLYSHOSPITAL SHIPS AND SUPPLYS
PATROL VESSELSPATROL VESSELS
RESCUES AND LIFE SAVING BOATSRESCUES AND LIFE SAVING BOATS
PASSENGER SHIPSPASSENGER SHIPS
FAST FERRIESFAST FERRIES
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
DESIGN FOR HUMAN AND SEA-IDESIGN FOR HUMAN AND SEA-I
FUTUREFUTURE
SEA AS ENERGY PROVIDERSEA AS ENERGY PROVIDER- Wind - Wind - Waves- Waves- Currents- Currents
INCREASE IN DEEP WATER OPERATIONSINCREASE IN DEEP WATER OPERATIONS- Minerals- Minerals- Petrol- Petrol
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
DESIGN FOR HUMAN AND SEA-IIDESIGN FOR HUMAN AND SEA-II
FUTURE 2FUTURE 2
INCREASE IN FISHING PRESSUREINCREASE IN FISHING PRESSURE
FISH FARMS AS ALTERNATIVEFISH FARMS AS ALTERNATIVE SEA COLONYS, ARTIFICIAL ISLANDSSEA COLONYS, ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS
NEW MARINE VEHICLES AND TRANSPORTNEW MARINE VEHICLES AND TRANSPORT
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
SMDCSMDC
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
SMDCSMDC
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
DESIGN FOR HUMAN AND SEA-IIDESIGN FOR HUMAN AND SEA-II
SOME CONSIDERATIONS:SOME CONSIDERATIONS:
– HIGH INCREASE IN SAFETY DEMANDS REGULATION IN DESIGN HIGH INCREASE IN SAFETY DEMANDS REGULATION IN DESIGN AND OPERATIONAND OPERATION
– ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION STUDIES FOR NEW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION STUDIES FOR NEW DEVELOPMENTS DEVELOPMENTS
– GLOBAL LEGISLATION. NEW RULES FOR NEW ENVIRONMENTGLOBAL LEGISLATION. NEW RULES FOR NEW ENVIRONMENT – BUSSINESS ETHICAL LIMITS APPLICATION. NEW GENERATIONS BUSSINESS ETHICAL LIMITS APPLICATION. NEW GENERATIONS
EDUCATION EDUCATION
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
SMDCSMDC
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
FUTURE?FUTURE?
IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010IÑIGO ECHENIQUE 2010
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