Dean Jorge V. SibalUP Diliman

1. Fundamental education reform2. Strengthening of secondary, post-graduate

education & company training3. Stopping (or managing?) brain drain4. Dialogue between researchers from the

academe & practitioners5. Changing traditional management

development system6. Strengthening initial training & employment7. Strengthening HRD policy in state

enterprises (especially in China)

1. Activities & efforts to systematically develop human skills, capabilities & knowledge

2. Through multilevel learning process by an organization, community & national mission & strategy

3. Objective is to improve performance (growth of individuals, organizations, communities and nations).

Note: Values and attitudes should also be developed.

Traditionally called manpower development

Japan & Korea- examples of countries that have achieved development through its human resources (despite non-availability of natural resources)

UN human development goals with specific and measurable targets to reduce extreme poverty by 2015

MDG

NHRD

•Health•Education•Eco-socio-cultural development•People empowerment

1. Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger2. Achieve universal primary education3. Promote gender equality and empower

women4. Reduce child mortality5. Improve maternal health6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria & other diseases7. Ensure environment sustainability8. Develop global partnership for development

National poverty Literacy HR & leadership

capacity Income distribution Education

Health & wellness Life expectancy Capacity for political

expectancy & various aspects of

labor

Rural & agricultural Urban & industrializedRigid/centrally Market-orientedplanned State-owned Private & collective

allocation system of ownershiplocal enterprisesConfusian & Diversity withsocialist culture capitalist valuesClose/self-centered Open to globalsociety community

The National The National HRD Program HRD Program of the of the PhilippinesPhilippines

Disparities in access to education, formal and non-formal, prevail at all levels;

Low budget allocation on education; Achievement levels are low; Drop-out rates in both elementary and secondary

schools are highest in rural and less developed communities among poor students;

Muslims and cultural communities and special learners suffer from benign neglect;

Early childhood care and development are limited to the rich and affluent;

Non-formal education services are inadequate and found mainly in developed communities;

Class interruption and the length of the school year reduce learning and its quality;

Science and technology education is inadequate; Innovations in education and technology are not

adopted in schools; Values education is lacking and ineffective; Bilingual education policy affects the quality of

learning; Mismatches between supply and demand for

educated and trained manpower;

Education is irrelevant to individual and social needs;

Teachers are inadequately trained; Graduate education is mediocre, limited

and underdeveloped; Organizational structure of the

educational system is inefficient and ineffective

The Philippine Constitution- Art. 11, Sec. 17

… State’s priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture and sports . . .

- Art. 14, Sec. 2… a complete, adequate and integrated system of education … non-formal, informal and indigenous learning systems … skills training for adults, disabled and out-of-school youth;

- Art. 14, Sec. 4… complementary roles of the public and private institutions in the educational system

K+12 Basic education for 2 years prep and 12 years primary education;

National achievement tests after the 4th and 6th grades and during the 4th year of high school;

Individual tertiary level should administer their respective college entrance examinations;

A national aptitude test for 3rd year high school students to identify their career inclinations;

Equivalency tests for basic education acquired through non-formal education;

It involves the following components:

school-based management; enhanced learning efficiency (like K+12

system); quality assurance and accountability; and complementary learning interventions (like

alternative learning systems, early childhood education, etc.).

While DepEd continues to get the highest budget among line agencies, the country has fallen short in accomplishing the MDGs and Education for All (EFA) targets in enrolment rate and cohort survival rate.

The enrolment rate dropped from 85% in late 2000 from a high 97% in 1999-2000.

The cohort survival rate stayed at 70% in 1990s and improved only to 70-75% range in 2000s.

The country recorded 72.2% elementary completion rate in 2009 which is still far from the EFA elementary completion rate targeted at 81% in 2015.

drop-out rates remain high at 6.3% and 8.0% respectively caused by poverty, poor health, peace and order problems, and child labor.

National Achievement Test (NAT) results improved from a mean percentage score (MPS) of 58.7 in 2004 to 68.0 in 2009.

However, the NAT MOS in high school declined a little from 46.8 in 2004 to 45.6 in 2009.

Indicators 2004 2006 2008 2009ELEMENTARYNet Intake Rate in Grade 1MaleFemale

41.337.545.3

39.736.243.5

48.446.450.5

56.354.658

Gross Enrolment RateMaleFemale

104.2104.9103.5

99.9100.7 99

102.1103.3100.8

100.8102.1 99.5

Net Enrolment RatioMaleFemale

87.186.1788.08

83.282.3984.08

85.184.8685.71

858585

Cohort Survival RateMaleFemale

71.366.177.2

73.468.878.6

75.471.579.7

74.469.979.4

Completion RateMaleFemale

69.163.675.2

71.767.376.7

73.369.177.9

72.267.477.5

Dropout Rate (School Leaver)MaleFemale

78.45.4

6.47.65

67.14.9

6.37.54.9

Achievement Rate (Grade 6 NAT MPS)MaleFemale

58.7357.160.29

59.9458.5961.81

66.3364.3866.72

6866.6569.36

Indicators 2004 2006 2008 2009Gross Enrolment RateMaleFemale

83.980.287.8

79.576.482.6

82.980.685.3

82.280.284.1

Net Enrolment RatioMaleFemale

605565

58.653.963.4

60.756.465.2

62.457.967

Cohort Survival RateMaleFemale

78.173.382.8

77.372.781.8

79.775.583.9

78.574.282.8

Completion RateMaleFemale

72.466.977.8

72.167.277

75.270.479.9

73.769.178.3

Dropout Rate (School Leaver)MaleFemale

89.96.1

6.67.55.9

7.59.15.8

89.76.2

Achievement Rate (Year II NAT MPS)*MaleFemale

46.845.8347.61

46.6444.8148.29

47.444.8948.32

45.5543.9546.98

The number of working children (5-17 years old) decreased from 2.3 million in 2007 to 2 million in Oct. 2010.

Working children aged 2-9 years likewise decreased from 120,000 to 64,000 during the same period (DOLE 2010).

Classroom gap- reduced from 2004 to 2010 with the construction of 76,710 new classrooms.

Classroom shortage remains due to population increase and natural disasters. The classroom shortage in 2011 was estimated at 113,000.

The average teacher-student ratios in 2009-2010 were 1:36 for elementary and 1:38 in high school.

In 2001, barangays with no access to a primary school was 1,617.

In 2008, only 227 barangays have no access to an elementary school.

For high schools, instead of building or expanding existing schools, the Education Service Contracting scheme and the Education Voucher was instituted to enroll poor students in private schools instead.

This scheme managed to enroll 153,694 grantees out of 250,000 targeted beneficiaries from 2004 to 2009.

The Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) Law was implemented in all cities and in 99% of provinces.

The enrolment rate of 4-5 years old in private and public pre-schools improved from 19.23% in 2004 to 24.7% in 2008.

Through the DepEd, pre-school education was provided to 1.4 million children.

Grade 1 pupils became better prepared with ECCD experience whose number increased from 56% in 2004 to 64.6% in 2008.

Nonschool-based alternative learning system (ALS) of DepEd and other providers has enrolled 631,914 and 418,108 respectively from 2005 to 2009.

About 58 million of 67 million Filipinos aged 10 to 64 years of age (86%) were functionally literate.

Basic literacy is estimated at 95.6%.

Aside from the educational system, the family, media, NGOs, religious missionaries, rebels and the ALS system have contributed to this effort in increasing literacy among Filipinos

Deregulated and administered by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED).

Most institutions of higher learning are privately owned and driven by market demand.

Recent trends show big private enterprises have been buying into colleges and universities to augment their HRD needs. This, in a way, helped bridge industry directly with the academe.

Businesspeople like Lucio Tan of Tanduay group bought into the University of the East, Henry Sy of SM Investments, National University, Alfonso Yuchengco of RCBC, Mapua Institute of Technology and Malayan University, George Ty of Metrobank group, Manila Doctors College (now Manila Tytana Colleges), Emilio Yap of Manila Hotel, Centro Escolar University, Ramon del Rosario of Phinma group, several regional colleges, etc.

Industry and professional associations have contributed to HRD- PMAP, ECOP, Philippine Society for Quality, Philippine Association of Labor-Management Cooperation Professionals (Philamcop), Philippine Employer-Labor Social Partners, Inc. (PELSPI), trade union centers like FFW, TUCP, Partido ng Manggagawa (PM), various corporate foundations, etc.

offer courses for developmental purposes such as agriculture, fisheries and oceanography, engineering and other basic and applied sciences.

provide access to poor students for higher learning.

aside from state subsidy which CHED streamlined (student financial program- StuFAPs), there are also privately-funded scholarships and student financial assistance.

increased moderately from 2.4 million in 2004 to 2.62 million in 2009.

Graduates increased from 409,628 to 469,654 during the same period, or an increase by 14.65%.

College education is not a guarantee for finding jobs.

Unemployed college graduates and post graduates number 512,000 in 2008 which increased to 555,000 in July 2010.

Unemployment among college undergraduates during the same period also increased from 574,000 to 614,000 (DOLE 2010).

Table 1 shows the enrolment data in tertiary level education from 2004-2009.

The 2007 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) showed that college dropouts especially among the 16 to 24 old reached 65.8%.

The main reason cited was high cost of education since tuition fee adjustment has been deregulated under CHED’s supervision

Institution- Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

TESDA Male 673,353 694,745 856,965 805,567 893,091 Female 1,010,290 1,042,120 1,315,449 1,208,353 1,091,555

Total Enrolees 1,683,382 1,736,865 2,142,414 2,013,920 1,982,435

Graduates 1,154,333 1,340,620 1,702,307 1,812,528 1,903,793

Academic Year 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

CHED Male 1,100,199 1,130,360 1,194,701 1,211,108 1,199,247 Female 1,302,116 1,352,914 1,409,748 1,443,186 1,426,138

Total Enrolees 2,402,315 2,483,274 2,604,449 2,645,294 2,625,385

Graduates 409,628 421,444 444,427 444,815 469,654

Created in 1994 by RA 7796 or the TESDA Act;

TESDA has 47 provincial offices (out of 63 provinces) and 6 NCR district offices;

It consolidated Government’s efforts and programs

in vocational-technical education and skills training in the country;

Its basic task is the formulation of policies, plans and programs in technical education and skills development.

RA 7686 or the Dual Training System Act of 1994 aims to strengthen manpower education and training in the Philippines;

Dual Training System is an instructional delivery system of technical and vocational education and training and in-school education;

Accredited enterprises and educational institutions provide practical training and theoretical instructions.

Other Laws E-Commerce Law

The technical and vocational education and training (TVET) system administered by the Technical Skills Development Authority (TESDA) under the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) augments the HRD efforts of colleges and universities and enterprises.

Enrolment in TVET courses under TESDA increased from 1.68 million in 2004 to 1.98 million in 2009.

The absorption rate of TVET graduates according to a 2008 Impact Evaluation Study (IES) was 55.1% which was lower than the 2005 data of 64.6%.

The main factors for the said decline were: the global financial crisis and job losses; and skills mismatch and geographical mismatch (NEDA 2011).

TESDA implemented a mandatory assessment of TVET graduates in order to assure quality graduates.

Of the 836,131 graduates in 2009, 83.62% or 690,836 workers were certified across all occupations.

This assessment program has contributed to the employability of TVET graduates locally and overseas.

A major innovation in the tertiary education system is the institution of ladderized education programs between TVET institutions and colleges and universities through EO 358 in 2005.

These programs include information technology (IT), hotel and restaurant management and tourism (now more popular than Nursing), engineering, health, education, maritime, agriculture, and criminology.

The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) has extended its scholarship program in the fields of basic and applied sciences.

In 2009, 4,297 students were qualified nationwide and increased the total number of DOST scholars to 11,428.

Development Academy of the Philippines Military and Police Educational Institutions Technology & Livelihood Resource Center National Computer Center Other specialized training institutes of line

government agencies like the DA, DAR, BSP, etc.

a) limited participation of the industry sector in developing competency standards and curricula;

a) societal bias against TVET and insufficient social marketing, particularly among basic education students and their parents;

c) the need to upgrade the quality of higher education programs, including S&T courses, and make them internationally comparable; and

d) continuing job-skills mismatches, owing to low quality and relevance of education, training programs, alongside lower absorptive capacity of the economy (NEDA, 2011).

Private Educational Institutions under DepEd Private Universities and Colleges under the CHED Technical Educational Institutions under the

TESDA Private Training Institutions of Companies like

Meralco Foundation, Inc. Information Technology and E-commerce Council Philippine Internet Commerce Society Training Institutes of NGOs, cooperatives, trade

union federations, religious congregations, etc.

Professional practice of HRD is the most effective form of capability-building for knowledge workers;

HRD departments now have several offices and areas of specialization;

HRD is a service staff of staff department which assists the line managers in the performance of HR management and development;

HR Planning and development answers the present and future manpower needs of an organization with appropriate knowledge, attitudes, and skills.

IBM Philippines, Inc. established joint venture with the Asia Pacific College;

In-house training programs of St. Luke’s Medical Center;

HRD Program of PDI handled by the PDI Employee Services and Development Center;

HR Intranet, seminars and scholarship programs of Nestle Philippines, Inc.;

Regular training programs for knowledge workers both local and abroad of Asian Transmission Corporation;

Generalized and specialized training programs of Mabuhay Vinyl Corporation.