National Gazetteer in the age of Big (Toponym) Data
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P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
NATIONAL GAZET TEERIN THE AGE OF B IG (TOPONYM) DATAAji Putra PerdanaINDONESIA
One Data & One Map
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
4
BIODATA
Aji Putra Perdana, S.Si, M.Sc. Pusat Pemetaan Rupabumi dan Toponim, Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) Pendidikan:
S1: Geografi pengkhususan Kartografi dan Penginderaan Jauh, Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
S2: Geografi, Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. [email protected]
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
One Data & One Map
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
a. garis pantai;b. Hipsografi (informasi ketinggian); c. perairan;d. nama rupabumi;e. batas wilayah;f. transportasi dan utilitas;g. bangunan dan fasilitas umum; danh. penutup lahan.
TOPOGRAPHIC BASE MAP
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
KERANGKA KONTROL PEMETAAN, JALAN
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
KERANGKA KONTROL PEMETAAN, JALAN, TUTUPAN LAHAN
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
KERANGKA KONTROL PEMETAAN, JALAN, PENUTUP LAHAN, FASUM
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
KERANGKA KONTROL PEMETAAN, JALAN, PENUTUP LAHAN, FASUM, TOPONIM
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
Manuscript Map
Field Survey (Toponym, Administrative Boundary, Identification of Building and Land Cover, etc)
Data Entry
Building Toponym GeoDatabase
Gazettteer
Photo Album of Field Work
TOPONYM SURVEY INTOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING ACTIVITIES
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
T O P O N Y M S ?
“place”
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
TOPONYMS: DEFINITION
Toponyms (place names) often directly reflect spatial patterns of languages, dialects, and ethnicity, and may offer insights into the history, habitat, spatial and environmental perceptions of a certain culture (Jett1997).
Geographers and others have long used toponyms to provide clues as to the historical and cultural heritage of particular places and even large regions (e.g., McDavid 1958; Rickard 1968; Gelling1988; Kashif 2001),
because place names may survive long after a culture has vanished, thereby preserving traces of the past. The naming of places is also an integral aspect of the relationship between place and the politics of identity and power, as toponyms are often used by the authorities to promote their own ideological and political objectives (e.g.,Cohen and Kliot 1992; Myers 1996; Horsman 2006;
Dr. Andri Hernandi & Dr. Rizqi Abdulharis, 2014
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
TOPONYM REFERS TO YOGYAKARTA GEOMORPHOLOGICAL FENOMENA (SUNARTO, 2012)• Ngemplak, Ngentak : putting beliung (hurricance); di dusun Randu sari,
Randu pogog, Randu suruh (randu Ceiba pentandra refers to drought environment)
• Gelap, Samberan, Meyungan : petir (storm). Bulak, large and dry areas, mass air convection, the areas has a lot of storm.
• Gunungtugel : longsor lahan (mass wasting, subsidence). Ngampon, ampo, clay, a lot of springs, water saturation, mass wasting hazard
• Patuk : gempa bumi (earth quake), pengkolan, sesar, faults• Banyumulek (putaran air) : fluvial, marine turbulence disaster• Ngoroorodowo : kekeringan (drought)• Blitar : banjir lahar volcanik (pyroclastik flow), bali dadi latar, become lahar
flow, lava flow, renewed by volcanic new eruptionsHartono, 2014
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
Why Gazetteers?
• - 80% of data contains geospatial information• - geospatial data utilises spatial identifiers to distinguish between real world
features described by the data• - gazetteers are indexes of spatial identifiersAs a consequence, it is proposed that gazetteers can be used to achieve interoperability between disparate systems.
UNSDI Gazetteer for Social Protection in Indonesia
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
VERIFIKASI/VALIDASI
KONSULTASI PAKAR
OFFICE TREATMENT(pengolahan data hasil survei)
Tim Surveyor dan Tim Teknis
Tim Teknis dan Tim Pakar
Tim Nasional dan Pemangku Kepentingan Daerah
Akurasi Koordinat dan Daftar Usulan Nama
Akurasi Koordinat dan Daftar Sementara Nama
Usulan Gasetir
TOPONYM VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION BY TIMNAS AND PPNR PROVINCE, COUNTY/CITY
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
INDONESIAN
GAZETTEER
TIMNAS Toponym Data (Island Names
and Administrative
Names)
BIG Toponym Database
(GeoNames from Topographic Map scale 1:25.000 or
1:50.000)
Toponym Data on Topo
Map (scale 1:10.000, 1:25.000,
1:50.000 and 1:250.000)
GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES
BIG GAZETTEER TO SUPPORTNATIONAL GAZETTEER
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
Gazetteer -- Books
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
REGIONAL MAP AND GAZETTEER UNGEGN ASEPSW
InaGeoportal,
Malaysia
Geoportal
Others…
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
“Borderless” (global) problems needs common gazetteers standardization
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
NATIONAL GAZETTEER
Every country should construct a gazetteer of geographical names. The National Gazetteer is an officially approved and standardized set of
information about geographical names which is the sole authority for all official documents.
It provides the correct name and its spelling for all parties, government, the public, the mass media, school book publishers and map makers.
(Multamia RMT Lauder and Allan F Lauder, 2014)
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
NATIONAL GAZETTEERdata & framework
national libraryimagery
national SDIgeoportal
Geo-ICTcloud computing
Cloud Computing
ina-sdi
global effortsocial media
NAMING
MAPPING
DELIVERY
National Gazetteerthe opportunities and challenges of Indonesian National Gazetteer or InaGeoNames in the age of Big (Toponym) Data as part of 'One Map Policy'
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
ISLAND NAMES ANDTHE NAMES OF PREFECTURES(ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS)
Island Names This stage have been conducted, such as
surveyed (2005-2007), verified and standardized (2007-2008), as much as 13,466 islands, and adopted to be listed in the National Gazetteer. Concurrently a Government Gazette will be produced with the gazetteer as attachment for enforcement to the public at large.
The names of prefectures (administrative areas) At the end of the year 2011 the work on
verifying and validating on administrative area names all over 33 provinces had been finished, that include over 399 kabupaten/regencies, 98 kota/municipalities, and 6693 kecamatan/districts.
Natural Geographical Names For the standardization of natural
geographical names feature will be implemented starting from 2012 – 2014.
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
IN THE AGE OF BIG (TOPONYM) DATA
IPHONE VS HP ANDROID BERDASARKAN GEOTAGGED TWEETSWashington, DC:Merah: pengguna IphoneHijau: pengguna Android
developed by Gnip, MapBox
PENGGUNA BLACKBERRYNew York City:Merah: pengguna IphoneHijau: pengguna AndroidUngu: pengguna Blackberry
developed by Gnip, MapBox
BLACKBERRY DI JAKARTAJakarta:Merah: pengguna IphoneHijau: pengguna AndroidUngu: pengguna Blackberry
developed by Gnip, MapBox
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
GAZETTEER FRAMEWORK – SPATIAL IDENTIFIER REFERENCE FRAMEWORK
BIG, INDONESIA – CSIRO, AUSTRALIA
to build an indexed gazetteer classified toponym into verified, official, unofficial, not yet gazette, or to be verified.
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
SOPUpdating Toponym data from unofficial data
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
CONCLUDING REMARKS
In the age of Big (Toponym) Data there is a big need to use a single 'official gazetteer' as reference for 'georeferencing' volunteered Big Geo-Data, user generated content or unstructured textual words and phrases.
On the other hand, to accelerate the toponym data collection should be analyze the possibility of the use Volunteered Geospatial Information or any Big (Toponym) Data as crowdsource gazetteer some novel approaches have to be done.
P P R T- B I G P u s a t P e m e t a a n R u p a b u m i d a n T o p o n i mB a d a n I n f o r m a s i G e o s p a s i a l
Te r i m a Ka s i h