Nation building
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Transcript of Nation building
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Success and Failure in
Nation-Building
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Why do some societies achieve great success in
creating a modern nation-state whereas others don’t?
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• The notion of political order or stability. With no instability or violence.
• The notion of change and upheaval.
• Anything that resembles the democratic regimes of Western Europe or the United States.
• Requires the erection of a communist regime.
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BLACK’S DEFINITION:
• Policy making has become consolidated and routine.
• Regular means of replacing political leadership.
• Recognition of the citizen’s interest from the political leaders.
• There exists an active machinery of the state.
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What is it that accounts for the success of some society
and failure of others?
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TIME!
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The principal obstacle lies not in the realm of time but in the system of economic interdependence among advanced and developing nation-states.
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Wallerstein’s World-System
Involves core, peripheral and
semi-peripheral countries.
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Core countries control and benefitfrom the global market. They areusually recognized as wealthy nationswith a wide variety of resources andare in a favorable location comparedto other states.
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Are the industrializing, mostlycapitalist countries which arepositioned between the periphery andcore countries.
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Are less developed than the semi-periphery and core countries. Thesecountries usually receive adisproportionately small share ofglobal wealth. They have weak stateinstitutions and are dependent ondeveloped countries.
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What is a WORLD-SYSTEM?
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The dominant ones receive
greater share of material and
symbolic tribute in the
world.
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A system in which its foundations lie in a
world economy that had its origins in capitalist
agriculture.
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The network of ties is evident in specific forms of
economic trade, political relations and social
exchanges that flow from one country to another.
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There exist a social division of labor in which
those individual from each interdepending
countries perform different functions.
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World-economyThe heart of world-system
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Constituents may change in the degree of their importance to the system hence their stratification.
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Why have some societies been less successful in
establishing the qualities of a modern nation-
states?
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They have occupied subordinate positions in the modern world-
system/world economy.
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What are the network and hierarchy of
relations that relegate some countries to the top position and others
to mere followers?
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J.A Hobson: Imperialism
• He explained how the Western Europe established economic dominance.
• Capitalism in Europe had worked through the direction of the government to control territories that is essential to its success.
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Important Distinctions
Imperialism
• Imperialism is described where a foreign government governs a territory without significant settlement.
• exercising power over the conquered regions either through sovereignty or indirect mechanisms of control.
Colonialism
• A term used to describe the settlement of places like India, New Zealand and Brazil, which were all controlled by the Europeans.
• one can see great movement of people to the new territory and living as permanent settlers.
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Harry Magdoff: a new form of imperialism arose with the end
of WWII in which the United States came to replace England
as the major figure of economic and political strength.
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Some uncertainties of nation-states:
• Effort of leaders to submerge ties of commitment to social groups of the nation-state.
• Tensions and conflicts between the nation-state and the MNC’s and TNC’s.
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END…