NAMA Proposal for the Costa Rican Coffe Sector Presentation
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Transcript of NAMA Proposal for the Costa Rican Coffe Sector Presentation
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NAMA proposal for the Costa Rican coffee sector"
November 22nd 2011
[ working draft]!Solís, H. [email protected]!
Jiménez, R. [email protected]! Bermúdez, E. [email protected]!
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Key messages
Improve production security:!110% increase in national coffee harvest!"Reduce GHG emissions:!26 million metric tons of CO2e reductions *!"Adapt to climate change:!40% of coffee plants renovation with resilient variety!90% of crops with shade trees!!
* preliminary data!
2
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Central America’s economy is extremely vulnerable to climate change. Adaptation in the agriculture sector is urgent.!
3 Source: CEPAL, 2010!
“Our analysis demonstrates that climate change is already having adverse impacts over the production of some crops. As a result… accumulated losses will be approx. 4% of 2007 GDP when using a discount rate of 4%... however these grow to 8-12% when a 2% societal discount rate is employed… It is fundamental to adopt measures to reduce the causes of climate change, however perhaps it’s more important that the countries implement adaptation measures.”
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Today, Costa Rica’s agriculture sector presents a significant opportunity for greenhouse gas mitigation.!
4
0!100!200!300!400!500!600!700!800!900!
1,000!1,100!
2002! 2003! 2004! 2005! 2006! 2007! 2008!
Fertilizer consumption "(kilograms per hectare of arable land)!
Costa Rica! Latin America & Caribbean! World!
Energy – 46%!
Industrial Processes – 6%!
Agriculture 37%"
Waste – 11%!
Source: IMN, 2008!
Greenhouse gas emissions"(Percentage of national emissions, 2005)!
Source: World Bank, 2008!
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To 2030, globally, largest abatement levers are in power and forestry. However, Costa Rica’s levers lie in transport, agriculture and waste.!
5
Source: McKinsey, 2010!
Global GHG abatement potential"(in GtCO2e)!
National GHG emissions"(in MtCO2e)!
We already have a low-CO2 power and forestry sector!
Source: Ministry of Environment/INCAE/FUNDECOR, 2010!
Energy(65% Transportation)!
Electricity!
2010!
2012!
2014!
2016!
2018!
2020!
2022!
2024!
2026!
2028!
2030!
2008!
Other!Solid waste!Agriculture!Forestry!
0!
5,000!
10,000!
15,000!
20,000!
25,000!
30,000!
35,000!
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In today’s period of reduced budgets, agriculture and waste NAMAs offer significant opportunities at low capital intensities. !
6
Capital intensity by abatement measure"
Capital intensity by abatement measure"
Source: McKinsey, 2009!
Transport, our largest source of emissions, is most capital intensive.
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GH
G e
mis
sion
s(K
g C
O2e
)!
The coffee sector, with its high use of fertilizer, has the largest emissions rate of N2O in the agriculture sector. !
7!
- !
500 !
1,000 !
1,500 !
2,000 !
2,500 !
3,000 !
3,500 !
4,000 !
4,500 !
5,000 !
GH
G e
mis
sion
s (K
g C
O2e
)!
Methane (46%)"
Nitrous oxide (54%)"
Sources: IMN, 2008; MAG, 2009! -‐
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Cattle (40%)"G
HG
em
issi
ons
(Kg
CO
2e)!
-‐
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Coffee (24%)"
Sugar cane (11%)!
Bananas (8%)!
Other (11%)!
Rice (5%)!Other (<1%)!
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Costa Rica has a history of being a “laboratory” for tesCng naConal environmental programs
A good example is the “Payment for Environmental Services” (PSA) mechanism
8
Implementation of 1st generation of PSA!
Source: MINAET, 2009. FONAFIFO, 2011.
67%
77%
56%
63%
45%
59%
50%
31% 32%
21%
29%
42% 48%
53%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1940 1943 1950 1960 1961 1966 1970 1983 1986 1987 1991 1997 2000 2005
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We would like to take a “climate-smart” approach for the coffee NAMA to address interlinked issues of population, climate and food security.!
9!
Global need to increase food
production 70% by 2050 "
Climate change"!
Temperature change!!
Precipitation change!
Source: FAO, 2010!
Food security"!
Quantity change!!
Quality change!
Connected"
• Decreased production!
• Increased diseases!
• Decreased crop viability!
• Increased prices!
• Increased fertilizer use!
• Increased deforestation!
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In our “climate smart” approach, we will optimize mitigation actions by deriving co-benefits for production and adaptation. !
10!
Mitigation! Production! Adaptation!
Current!situation !
10% of CR’s GHG emissions come from coffee’s N2O derived use!
2,2 million sacs in 90,000 Ha (2010-2011);d,!95% of the coffee plants are have low production, age exceeds the shelf life!
On 2010-2011, weather events affected the coffee production: loss of 150,000 sacs !
Actions!
Accurate fertilization;!Effective use of fertilizers; Energy efficiency; Cogeneration; and Wastewater management!
Coffee plants renovation!!
Management of the shade trees; !Genetic improvements; and!Plants renovation!
Results (2035)!Potential reduction of26 million tCO2e (2015 – 2035)!!
110% increase in national coffee harvest (compared to 10’-11’)"
40% of coffee plants renovation with resilient variety!90% of crops with shade trees !
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We have indentified 7 mitigation actions focused on the highest GHG-intensive stages of coffee’s life cycle: farms and mills. !
11!
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A “climate-smart” coffee sector can serve as a model to transition the Costa Rican agricultural sector towards national green economy goals.!
12!
1980! 1990! 2000! 2011! 2030! 2040! 2050"
Green economy!
Socio-economicdevelopment!
Time!
Emissions linked to development"
Emissions independent from development"
2021"
Peak year!
eco-competitiveness"
Transition"towards"
Carbon neutral growth"
Coffee NAMA"
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Case study: Coopedota, R.L. achieved carbon neutrality for the whole life cycle of the coffee it produced!
13 Source: Coopedota, 2011!
Farms! Mill! Transport! Roasting! Consump-tion! Waste!
94%" 4%" 2%" Neutralized by consumers"
62%" 1%" 5%" 15%" 8%" 9%"
Methodology for quantifying product’s life cycle GHG emissions"Export20,000 fanegas!
National500 fanegas!
1,800 tCO2e!
69 tCO2e!
1,869 tCO2e"
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Case study: Dole has developed an integrated program to reduce emissions from its fresh fruit exporting operations. !
14 Source: Dole, 2010
� Use of train to Transport fruits
� Green containers program
� Fuel saving in docks
�ReforestaCon and forest protecCon
� Efficiente driving training
� Vortex valves for generators
� Fer)lizer use op)-‐ miza)on
� Soil conservaCon program
� Refri-‐ gerants reducCon program
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
2005 2006 2007 2008est 2009est
Ref
riger
ants
(ton
s)!
tCO
2e!
Metric tons of CO2e from refrigerants (2005-2009 estimate)"
tCO2e! Refrigerantes (TM)!
0!5,000!
10,000!15,000!20,000!
Commercial! Optimized!
tCO
2e!
Fertilization Program!
Optimized Fertilization Program"
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A number of organizations in the coffee sector have begun to meet and coordinate activities to deliver a NAMA during 2012.!
15
Coffee sector NAMA
R&D centers
Universi)es
Government
Industry
NGOs
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We need technical and financial support to develop a full-fledged NAMA by 2012, with implementation likely before 2015.!
16!
Interna
)ona
l ac)on
s
Short term Medium term Long term
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034
Na)
onal ac)on
s
COP16 Cancún !
Carbon neutral coffee!
Agricultural policy!
COP17 Durban !
Financing of NAMA"
Rio+20"
Execution of NAMA"
Monitoring/reporting! Monitoring/reporting!
Monitoring/reporting! Monitoring/reporting!
Verification! Verification! Verification! Verification!
NAMA proposal!
NAMA for coffee sector"
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Hortensia Solís "[email protected] !
17
Contact us"
Roberto Jiménez"[email protected] !
Esteban Bermúdez"[email protected] !