Myanmar-Armed-Forces Tatmadaw (From Wikipedia)

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Myanmar Armed Forces

Tatmadaw

2009From Wikipedia



Burma and weapons of mass destruction

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Burma is believed to have developed weapons of mass destruction, with varied reports of the country's military in possession of

chemical weapons and also working on a nuclear weapons program.Chemical weapons The first public indications of Burma's possible possession of chemical weapons came in testimony delivered tothe United States Congress in 1991 by Rear Adm. Thomas Brooks, Director of Naval Intelligence of the United States Navy,[1] inwhich Burma was included on a list of nations that "probably possess" chemical weapons. In 2005 Belgian photojournalist ThierryFalise reported speaking to two deserters from the Burmese Army who, during their time in service, were "reportedly told to takespecial precautions because they were handling chemical shells."[2] The deserters described seeing artillerymen wearing masks andgloves to fire the munitions. In a separate report from the same year, a physician with Christian Solidarity Worldwide reportedtreating injuries of anti-government Karenni rebels that were "consistent with a chemical attack."[3] In response to the ChristianSolidarity Worldwide report, the Burmese government denied the use of chemical weapons. [4] Burma signed the Chemical WeaponsConvention in 1993 but has yet to ratify the agreement.uclear Weapons According to an August 2009 report published in the Sydney Morning Herald, Burma is working to develop anuclear weapon by 2014. The reported effort, purportedly being undertaken with assistance from North Korea, involves theconstruction of a nuclear reactor and plutonium extraction facilities in caves tunneled into a mountain at Naung Laing, a village in theMandalay division .[5] The information cited in the newspaper story reportedly originated from two high-ranking defectors who hadsettled in Australia.References

1. ^ Chemical Arms; Navy Report Asserts Many Nations Seek Or Have Poison Gas[1], ew York Times, March 10, 1991,Accessed August 9, 2009.

2. ^ Burmese junta uses chemical weapons [2], The Sunday Times, May 8, 2005, Accessed August 9, 2009.3. ^ Burma 'using chemical weapons'[3], The Guardian, April 21, 2005, Accessed August 9, 2009.4. ^ http://www.voanews.com/burmese/archive/2005-04/2005-04-22-voa5.cfm?moddate=2005-04-22 5. ^ Revealed: Burma’s nuclear bombshell[4], Sydney Morning Herald , August 1, 2009, Accessed August 10, 2009.

Military intelligence of Burma


Currently it is called Military Affairs Security headed by Lieutenant General Ye Myint.Chief of Military Intelligence

Office Name Head From

Directorate of Military Intelligence Brigadier General Tin Oo (nick name 'bespectacled') - 1980s

Directorate of Military Intelligence Major General Myo Aung -

Directorate of Military Intelligence Col. Chit Khin -

Directorate of Military Intelligence Col. Kan Nyunt -

Directorate of Military Intelligence Col. Aung Koe -

Directorate of Defence Service Intelligence Lieutenant General Khin Nyunt 1984 - 18 October 2004

Directorate of Military Affairs Security Major General Myint Swe 2004 -

Directorate of Military Affairs Security Lieutenant General Ye Myint - current



Union Troops Build Up:

Major Myanmar Warriors Reinforcement in Shan State. http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=16692 We all know some badShans (rebels) want to break away from the Union. Because of some bad apples, the entire basket of apples can be rotten. This is theuniversal accepted scenario/Truth. Union Military is and must be the ONLY military that represents the Union. One country, One people, One constitution, One military is the norms of a civilized, unified Nation. Myanmar under the leadership of Senior GeneralThan Shwe the Commander-in-Chief of Myanma Tatmadaw and Head of State is marching towards a democratic Myanmar. Now I

acknowledge his brilliant strategy, his prowess in handling crisis and his immense patience and tactics in implementing a Union thattruly unified and consolidated as one Nation. Previous and late General Ne Win led military is weak not to mention he is awomanizer. Tatmadaw under the leadership of Senior General Than Shwe is getting stronger and stronger and will unify the Uniononce and for all. I am glad Kokang region is under the control of Union Military after all Kokang belongs to the Union. In no wayand under no circumstances, Myanmar land should be control by other than Myanmars. That’s the bottom line and no outside forceno matter how mighty/rich they are or they may be, must not interfere in the internal affairs of Myanmar. Let Myanma Tatmadawdefend and consolidate Myanmar land way up to the inches of border line. Myanmars have the sovereign rights to control ALLMyanmar land meaning the entire country. Following Map is the areas where the rebel forces occupy and conduct illegal business for 20 years. It is time to stop the illegal businesses AND the illegal occupation within Myanma Territory. All of them have 2 choicesand the choices are for these rebels to choose.

1) Surrender Peacefully and live under the legal fold.2) Defeated and be conquered by the Union Military (Tatmadaw).



The neutrality of this articl

message until the dispute is re

Total armed forces 492,000 (Rank

Active troops 492,000 ( Rank

total troops 564,250 (Rank

Paramilitary 72,000 (Ranke

Conscription age 18 years of ag

Availability males age 15–

Fit for military service males age 18–

USD figure 7.07 billion U

Percent of GDP 2.1% (2005 es

Myanmar Army

Myanmar Navy

Myanmar Air Force

Myanmar Police Force

Myanmar Frontier Forces

Military history of Myanmar

Burma Independence Army

Burma National Army

Army ranks and insignia of Myanmar

Navy ranks and insignia of Myanmar

Airforce ranks and insignia of Myanmar

The military of Myanmar, officially knowis the military organization of Myanmar , al

yanmar Armed Forces


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n as Tatmadaw (Burmese: ; MLCTS:so known as Burma. The armed forces are administered b

. Please do not remove this

tap ma. taw; IPA: [taʔmədɔ ̀])the Ministry of Defence and



are composed of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force. Auxiliary services include Myanmar Police Force, People Militia Units andFrontier Forces, locally known as Na Sa Kha. All service personnel are volunteers although the government is empowered toundertake conscription if considered necessary for Myanmar's defense. Tatmadaw has been engaged in a bitter battle with ethnic insurgents, political dissidents and narco-armies since the country gained its independence from Great Britain in 1948. Retainingmuch of the organizational structure established by the British, Myanmar Armed Forces continue to face challenges from agingweaponry and equipment and relying on foreign purchases of military equipment. However, the armed forces are an essential toMyanmar's strategic importance, power and capabilities in the region.

HistoryFirst phase (post-independence/ci il war era) The first phase of the doctrine was developed in early 1950s to cope with externalthreats from more powerful enemies with a strategy of Strategic Denial under conventional warfare. The perception of threats to statesecurity was more external than internal threats. The internal threat to state security was managed through the use of a mixture of force and political persuasion. Lieutenant Colonel Maung Maung drew up defence doctrine based on conventional warfare concepts,with large infantry divisions, armoured brigades, tanks and motorised war with mass mobilisation for the war effort being theimportant element of the doctrine. The objective was to contain the offensive of the invading forces at the border for at least threemonths, while waiting for the arrival of international forces, similar to the police action by international intervention forces under thedirective of United Nations during the war on Korean peninsula. However, the conventional strategy under the concept of total war was undermined by the lack of appropriate command and control system, proper logistical support structure, sound economic basesand efficient civil defence organisations.At the beginning of 1950s, while Tatmadaw was able to reassert its control over most part of the country, Kuomintang (KMT) troopsunder General Li Mai, with support from United States, invaded Myanmar and used the country's frontier as a springboard for attack against People's Republic of China, which in turn became the external threat to state security and sovereignty of Myanmar . The first

phase of the doctrine was tested for the first time in Operation "Naga Naing" in February 1953 against invading KMT forces. Thedoctrine did not take into account logistic and political support for KMT from United States and as a result it failed to deliver theobjectives and ended in humiliating defeat for the Tatmadaw. The then Tatmadaw leadership argued that the excessive mediacoverage was partly to blame for the failure of Operation "Naga Naing". For example, Brigadier General Maung Maung pointed outthat newspapers, such as the "Nation", carried reports detailing the training and troops positioning, even went as far to the name andsocial background of the commanders who are leading the operation thus losing the element of surprise. Colonel Saw Myint, whowas second in command for the operation, also complained about the long lines of communications and the excessive pressureimposed upon the units for public relations activities in order to prove that the support of the people was behind the operation.[2] Second phase (KMT invasion/BSPP era)

Despite failure, Tatmadaw continued to rely on this doctrine until the mid 1960s. The doctrine was under constant review andmodifications throughout KMT invasion and gained success in anti-KMT operations in the mid and late 1950s. However, thisstrategy became increasingly irrelevant and unsuitable in the late 1950s as the insurgents and KMT changed their positional warfare strategy to hit-and-run guerrilla warfare.[3][4] At the 1958 Tatmadaw's annual Commanding Officers (COs) conference, Colonel KyiWin submitted a report outlining the requirement for new military doctrine and strategy. He stated that 'Tatmadaw did not have aclear strategy to cope with insurgents', even though most of Tatmadaw's commanders were guerrilla fighters during the anti-British

and Japanese campaigns during the Second World War , they had very little knowledge of anti-guerrilla or counterinsurgency warfare. Based upon Colonel Kyi Win's report, Tatmadaw begin developing an appropriate military doctrine and strategy to meet therequirements of counterinsurgency warfare. This second phase of the doctrine was to suppress insurgency with people's war and the perception of threats to state security was more of internal threats. During this phase, external linkage of internal problems and directexternal threats were minimised by the foreign policy based on isolation. It was common view of the commanders that unlessinsurgency was suppressed, foreign interference would be highly probable [5], therefore counterinsurgency became the core of the newmilitary doctrine and strategy. Beginning in 1961, the Directorate of Military Training took charge the research for national defence planning, military doctrine and strategy for both internal and external threats. This included reviews of international and domestic political situations, studies of the potential sources of conflicts, collection of information for strategic planning and defining the possible routes of foreign invasion.[2]. In 1962, as part of new military doctrine planning, principles of anti-guerrilla warfare wereoutlined and counterinsurgency-training courses were delivered at the training schools. The new doctrine laid out three potentialenemies and they are internal insurgents, historical enemies with roughly an equal strength (i.e. Thailand), and enemies with greater strength. It states that in suppressing insurgencies, Tatmadaw must be trained to conduct long-range penetration with a tactic of continuous search and destroy. Reconnaissance, Ambush and all weather day and night offensive and attack capabilities along with

winning the hearts and minds of people are important parts of anti-guerrilla warfare. For countering an historical enemy with equalstrength, Tatmadaw should fight a conventional warfare under total war strategy, without giving up an inch of its territory to theenemy. For powerful enemy and foreign invaders, Tatmadaw should engage in total people's war, with a special focus on guerrilla strategy.[2] To prepare for the transition to the new doctrine, Brigadier General San Yu, the then Vice Chief of Staff (Army), sent adelegation led by Lieutenant Colonel Thura Tun Tin was sent to Switzerland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and East Germany in July1964 to study organisation structure, armaments, training, territorial organisation and strategy of people's militias. A research teamwas also formed at General Staff Office within the War Office to study defence capabilities and militia formations of neighbouringcountries. The new doctrine of total people's war, and the strategy of anti-guerrilla warfare for counterinsurgency and guerrillawarfare for foreign invasion, were designed to be appropriate for Myanmar. The doctrine flowed from the country's independent andactive foreign policy, total people's defence policy, the nature of perceived threats, its geography and the regional environment, thesize of its population in comparison with those of its neighbours, the relatively underdeveloped nature of its economy and itshistorical and political experiences. The doctrine was based upon 'three totalities': population, time and space (du-thone-du) and 'four strengths': manpower, material, time and morale (Panama-lay-yat). The doctrine did not develop concepts of strategic denial or counter-offensive capabilities. It relied almost totally on irregular low-intensity warfare, such as its guerrilla strategy to counter any

form of foreign invasion. The overall counterinsurgency strategy included not only elimination of insurgents and their support baseswith the 'four cut' strategy, but also the building and designation of 'white area' and 'black area' as well. In April 1968, Tatmadawintroduced special warfare training programmes at "Command Training Centres" at various regional commands. Anti-Guerrillawarfare tactics were taught at combat forces schools and other training establishments with special emphasis on ambush and counter-ambush, counterinsurgency weapons and tactics, individual battle initiative for tactical independence, commando tactics, and



reconnaissance. Battalion size operations were also practised in the South West Regional Military Command area. The new militarydoctrine was formally endorsed and adopted at the first party congress of the BSPP in 1971. [6] BSPP laid down directives for "complete annihilation of the insurgents as one of the tasks for national defence and state security" and called for "liquidation of insurgents through the strength of the working people as the immediate objective". This doctrine ensures the role of Tatmadaw at theheart of national policy making. Throughout BSPP era, the total people's war doctrine was solely applied in counterinsurgencyoperations, since Myanmar did not face any direct foreign invasion throughout the period. In 1985, the then Lieutenant General SawMaung, Vice-Chief of Staff of Tatmadaw reminded his commanders during his speech at the Command and General Staff College:

In Myanmar, out of nearly 35 million people, the combined armed forces (army, navy and air force) are about two hundred thousand.In terms of percentage, that is about 0.01 percent. It is simply impossible to defend a country the size of ours with only this handfulof troops... therefore, what we have to do in the case of foreign invasion is to mobilise people in accordance with the "total people'swar" doctrine. In order to defend our country from aggressors, the entire population must be involved in the war effort as the supportof people dictate the outcome of the war.Third phase (SLORC/SPDC era)

The third phase of doctrinal development of Myanmar Armed Forces came after the military take over and formation of State Lawand Order Restoration Council (SLORC) in September, 1988 as part of armed forces modernisation programme. The developmentwas the reflection of sensitivity towards direct foreign invasion or invasion by proxy state during the turbulent years of the late 80sand early 90s, for example: unauthorised presence of US Aircraft Carrier Group in Myanmar's territorial waters during 1988 politicaluprising as evidence of an infringement of Myanmar's sovereignty. Also, Tatmadaw leadership was concerned that foreign powersmight arm the insurgents on the Myanmar border to exploit the political situation and tensions in the country. This new threat perception, previously insignificant under the nation's isolationist foreign policy, led Tatmadaw leaders to review the defencecapability and doctrine of the Tatmadaw. The third phase was to face the lower level external threats with a strategy of strategic

denial under total people's defence concept. Current military leadership has successfully dealt with 17 major insurgent groups, whose'return to legal fold' in the past decade has remarkably decreased the internal threats to state security, at least for the short andmedium terms, even though threat perception of the possibility of external linkage to internal problems, perceived as being motivated by the continuing human rights violations, religious suppression and ethnic cleansing, remains high. Within the policy, the role of theTatmadaw was defined as a `modern, strong and highly capable fighting force'. Since the day of independence, the Tatmadaw has been involved in restoring and maintaining internal security and suppressing insurgency. It was with this background thatTatmadaw's "multifaceted" defence policy was formulated and its military doctrine and strategy could be interpreted as defence-in-depth. It was influenced by a number of factors such as history, geography, culture, economy and sense of threats. Tatmadaw hasdeveloped an 'active defence' strategy based on guerrilla warfare with limited conventional military capabilities, designed to copewith low intensity conflicts from external and internal foes, which threatens the security of the state. This strategy, revealed in jointservices exercises, is built on a system of total people's defence, where the armed forces provide the first line of defence and thetraining and leadership of the nation in the matter of national defence. It is designed to deter potential aggressors by the knowledgethat defeat of Tatmadaw's regular forces in conventional warfare would be followed by persistent guerrilla warfare in the occupiedareas by people militias and dispersed regular troops which would eventually wear down the invading forces, both physically and psychologically, and leave it vulnerable to a counter-offensive. If the conventional strategy of strategic denial fails, then the

Tatmadaw and its auxiliary forces will follow Mao's strategic concepts of 'strategic defensive', 'strategic stalemate' and 'strategicoffensive'. Over the past decade, through a series of modernisation programs, Tatmadaw has developed and invested in better Command, Control, Communication and Intelligence system; real-time intelligence; formidable air defence system; and earlywarning systems for its 'strategic denial' and 'total people's defence' doctrine.Kokang incident Main article: Kokang incident In August 2009, the Myanmar Armed Forces clashed with ethnic armies includingthe Kokang's Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army and the Wa's United Wa State Army. This was the largest outbreak of fighting between ethnic armies and government troops since the signing of the cease-fire 20 years earlier.[7] Organisational, command and control structureBefore 1988[8] Overall command of Tatmadaw (armed forces) rested with the country's highest ranking military officer, a General,who acted concurrently as Defence Minister and Chief of Staff of Defence Services. He thus exercised supreme operational controlover all three services, under the direction of the President, State Council and Council of Ministers. There was also a NationalSecurity Council which acted in advisory capacity. The Defence Minister cum Chief-of-Staff of Defence Services exercised day-to-day control of the armed forces and assisted by three Vice-Chiefs of Staff, one each for the army, navy and air force. These officersalso acted as Deputy Ministers of Defence and commanders of their respective Services. They were all based at Ministry of Defence

( Kakweyay Wungyi Htana) in Rangoon/Yangon. It served as a government ministry as well as joint military operations headquarters.The Joint Staff within the Ministry of Defence consisted of three major branches, one each for Army, Navy and Air Force, along witha number of independent departments. The Army Office had three major departments; the General (G) Staff to oversee operations,the Adjutant General's (A) Staff administration and the Quartermaster General's (Q) Staff to handle logistics. The General Staff consisted two Bureaus of Special Operations (BSO), which were created in April 1978 and June 1979 respectively. These BSO aresimilar to "Army Groups" in Western armies, high level staff units formed to manage different theatres of military operations. Theywere responsible for the overall direction and coordination of the Regional Military Commands (RMC) with BSO-1 covering Northern Command (NC), North Eastern Command (NEC), North Western Command (NWC), Western Command (WC) and EasternCommand (EC). BSO-2 responsible for South Eastern Command (SEC), South Western Command (SWC), Western Command(WC) and Central Command (CC)[9]. The Army's elite mobile Light Infantry Divisions (LID) were managed separately under a Staff Colonel. Under G Staff, there were also a number of directorates which corresponded to the Army's functional corps, such asIntelligence, Signals, Training, Armour and Artillery. The A Staff was responsible for the Adjutant General, Directorate of MedicalServices and the Provost Marshal's Office. The Q Staff included the Directorates of Supply and Transport, Ordnance Services,Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, and Military Engineers. The Navy and Air Force Offices within the Ministry were headed by

the Vice Chiefs of Staff for those Services. Each was supported by a staff officer at full Colonel level. All these officers wereresponsible for the overall management of the various naval and air bases around the country, and the broader administrativefunctions such as recruitment and training. Operational Command in the field was exercised through a framework of RegionalMilitary Commands (RMC), the boundaries of which corresponded with the country's Seven States and Seven Divisions. [10] TheRegional Military Commanders, all senior army officers, usually of Brigadier General rank, were responsible for the conduct of



military operations in their respective RMCCommanders have at their disposal 10 or m1988 to 2005

Tatmadaw Command Structure as of 2000The Tatmadaw's organizational and commamost senior army officer become a Senior Chairman of State Law and Order RestoratiCommander in Chief of the Defence Serviarmed forces. From 1989, each Service hasfull General ( Bo gyoke Kyii rank and alsohold the equivalent of Lieutenant General r BSO, the heads of Q and A Staffs and the Drank. The reorganization of the armed forceA new command structure was introducedChief of Staff (Army,Navy, Air Force)that cThe Office of Strategic Studies (OSS, or formulating defence policies, and planningalso the Director Defence Service Intellireorganized, and LIDs are now directly anheadquarters were formed in response to th(ROC, or Da Ka Sa), which are subordinequivalent to Western infantry divisions. TDefence Industries, Security Printing, PubliMilitias and Border Troops, Directorate oResearch Institute. Under the Adjutant GeMartial. Under the Quartermaster GeneraTransport, Ordnance Services, and ElectriDefence are Judge Advocate General, InspeCentral Military Accounting, and Camp Coalso serve as appointed Chairmen of theresponsible for both military and civil adcommands were created. In early 1990, a

Command in Shan State was split into twosouth coastal regions.[11] In 1997, the SLOCouncil (SPDC). The council includes all s

areas. Depending on the size of RMC and its operational rere infantry battalions ( Kha La Ya).

nd structure dramatically changed after the military coup iGeneral (equivalent to Field Marshal rank in Western armon Council (SLORC), Prime Minister and Defence Ministes. He thus exercised both political and operational contr ad its own Commander in Chief and Chief of Staff . The A

acted as Deputy C-in-C of the Defence Services. The C-in-nk, while all three Service Chiefs of Staff were raised toirector of Defence Services Intelligence (DDSI) were also eafter 1988 resulted in the upgrading by two ranks of mostt the Ministry of Defence level in 2002.The most importaommands commanders-in-chief of the Navy and the Air Foit Mahar Byu Har Lae Lar Yae Hta-na) was formed ar nd doctrine of the Tatmadaw. The OSS was commanded bence (DDSI). Regional Military Commands and Lightwerable to Commander in Chief of the Army. A number e growth and reorganization of the Army. These include R ate to RMCs, and Military Operations Commands (MOCe Chief of Staff (Army retained control of the Directoratesc Relations and Psychological Warfare, and Military Engin

Defence Services Computers (DDSC), the Defence Ser neral Office, there are three directorates: Medical Service

Office are the directorates of Military Engineering (galand Mechanical Engineering. Other independent depar ctor General, Military Appointment General, Directorate o

mandant. All RMC Commander positions were raised to ttate- and Division-level Law and Order Restoration Coministrative functions for their command areas. Also, threnew RMC was formed in Myanmar's north west, facin

RMCs, and South Eastern Command was divided to creatC was abolished and the military government created thenior military officers and commanders of the RMCs. A ne

quirements, Regional Military

1988. In 1990, the country'sies) and held the positions of r , as well as being appointedl over the entire country andmy C-in-C is now elevated toC of the Air Force and Navyajor General level. Chiefs of

levated to Lieutenant General f the senior positions.t position created is the Jointce.

ound 1994 and charged withLt. Gen. Khin Nyunt, who isnfantry Divisions were alsof new subordinate command

egional Operation Commands, or Sa Ka Kha), which areof Signals, Armour,Artillery,

eering (field section),People'sices Museum and Historicals, Resettlement, and Provostarrison section), Supply andment within the Ministry of Procurement, Record Office,e level of Major General andmittees. They were formally

e additional regional militaryIndia. In 1996, the Eastern

a new RMC in country's far tate Peace and DevelopmentMinistry of Military Affairs



was established and headed by a Lieutenant General. This new ministry was abolished after its minister Lt. Gen. Tin Hla was sackedin 2001.Current In 18 October 2004, the OSS and DDSI were abolished during the purge of General Khin Nyint and military intelligenceunits. OSS ordered 4 regiment to raid in DDSI HeadQuarter in Yangon.At the same time, all of the MIU in the whole country wereraided and arrested by OSS corps.Nearly two thirds of MIU officers were arrested for long years. A new military intelligence unitcalled Military Affairs Security (MAS) was formed to take over the functions of the DDSI, but MAS units were much fewer thanDDSI's and MAS was under control by local Division commander. In early 2006, a new RMC was created in the newly formed

administrative capital, Naypyidaw.Organisational structure

• A.G = Adjutant General• V.A.G = Vice Adjutant General• DMS = Directorate of Medical Services• DR = Directorate of Resettlement• PMO = Provosts Marshal's Office• MAS = Military Affair Security (Intelligence)• DS = Directorate of Signal• DDI = Directorate of Defence Industries• DSP = Directorate of Security Printing• DPMPW = Directorate of People Militias and Psychological Warfare• DME = Directorate of Military Engineers• DAA = Directorate of Armour and Artillery• DSHMRI = Defence Services Historical Museum and Research Institute• DPRBRT = Directorate of Public Relations and Border Troops• DDSC = Directorate of Defence Services Computers• BSO = Bureau of Special Operations• RMC = Regional Military Command



• LID = Light Infantry Division• ROC = Regional Operations Command• MOC = Military Operations Command• TOC = Tactical Operations Command• Q.M.G = Quarter Master General• V.Q.M.G = Vice Quarter Master General

• DEME = Directorate Electrical and Mechanical Engineers• DST = Directorate of Supply and Transport• DOS = Directorate of Ordinance Services• Captain G.S = Captain General Staff • Colonel G.S = Colonel General Staff • J.A.G = Judge Advocate General• I.G = Inspector General• M.A.G = Military Appointment General• DP = Directorate of Procurement• CMA = Central Military Account• Camp Comm = Camp Commandant

Chief of armed forces from 1945 to date

1. Major General Aung San (Founder & Father of Tatmadaw) [1945 – July 19, 1947]2. Major General Let Yar 3. Lt General Smith Dunn 4. General Ne Win 5. General San Yu 6. General Thura Tin Oo(NLD)7. General Thura Kyaw Htin 8. Sr General Saw Maung 9. Sr General Than Shwe (1992 – to date)

Rank structureMyanmar army ranks and insignia Main article: Army ranks and insignia of Myanmar Myanmar navy ranks and insignia Main article: avy ranks and insignia of Myanmar

Myanmar air force ranks and insignia Main article: Airforce ranks and insignia of Myanmar Myanmar army (Tatmadaw Kyee) Main article: Myanmar Army The Myanmar Army has always been by far the largest Service and has always received the lion's share of Myanmar's defence

budget.[12][13] It has played the most prominent part in Myanmar's struggle against the 40 or more insurgent groups since 1948 andacquired a reputation as a tough and resourceful military force. In 1981, it was described as 'probably the best [army] in SoutheastAsia, apart from Vietnam's'[14]. The judgment was echoed in 1983, when another observer noted that "Myanmar's infantry isgenerally rated as one of the toughest, most combat seasoned in Southeast Asia"[15].Myanmar air force (Tatmadaw Lei) Main article: Myanmar Air Force Personnel: 15,000 The Myanmar Air Force (Tatmdaw Lei)was formed on 24 December 1947. In 1948, the order of battle for Tatmadaw Lei included 40 Oxfords, 16 Tiger Moths, 4 Austersand 3 Spitfires with a few hundred personnel.Myanmar navy (Tatmadaw Yay) Main article: Myanmar avy The Myanmar Navy is the naval branch of the armed forces of Myanmar with 19,000 men and women. The Myanmar Navy was formed in 1940 and, although very small, played an active part inAllied operations against the Japanese during the Second World War. The Myanmar Navy currently operates more than 122 vessels.Before 1988, the Myanmar Navy was small and its role in the many counterinsurgency operations was much less conspicuous thanthose of the army and air force. Yet the navy has always been, and remains, an important factor in Myanmar's security and it wasdramatically expanded in recent years to a provide blue water capability and external threat defence role in Myanmar's territorialwaters. Its personnel number 19,000 (including two naval infantry battalions)

Myanmar police force (Myanmar Yae Tat Phwe) Main article: Myanmar Police Force Myanmar Police Force, formally knownas The People's Police Force (Burmese: ; MLCTS: Pyi Thu Yae Tup Pwe), was established in1964 as independent department under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It was reorganised on 1 October 1995 and informally become part of Tatmadaw. Current Director General of Myanmar Police Force is Brigadier General Khin Yi with its headquarters at Yangon.Its command structure is based on established civil jurisdictions. Each of Myanmar's seven states and seven divisions has their ownPolice Forces with headquarters in the respective capital cities.[16] Israel and Australia often provide specialists to enhance thetraining of Myanmar's police.[citation needed ] Personnel: 72,000 (including 4,500 Combat/SWAT Police) Myanmar Frontier Forces (a Sa Kha) The Frontier Forces (Na Sa Kha) are now found on all five of Myanmar's international borders. They consist primarily of Tatmadaw personnel (including intelligence officers) assisted by members of Myanmar PoliceForce, Immigration and Custom officials. Its total strength is unknown.Military intelligence Main article: Military Intelligence of Myanmar

Defence industries The Myanmar Defence Industries (DI) consists of 13 major factories throughout the country that produceapproximately 70 major products for Army, Navy and Air Force. The main products include automatic rifles, machine guns, sub-machine guns, anti-aircraft guns, complete range of mortar and artillery ammunition, aircraft and anti aircraft ammunition, tank andanti-tank ammunition, bombs, grenades, anti-tank mines, anti-personnel mines such as the M14[17][18] pyrotechnics, commercialexplosives and commercial products, and rockets and so forth. DI have produced new assault rifles and light machine-guns for theinfantry. The MA series of weapons were designed to replace the old German-designed but locally manufactured Heckler & Koch G3s and G4s that equipped Myanmar's army since the 1960s.Factories The major factories of the DI are the following:



• Weapons Factory• Bombs & Grenades Factory• Tungsten Carbide Factory• Machine Gun Factory• Filling Factory• Propellants Factory

• Heavy Artillery Ammo Factory• Small Arms Ammo Factory• Brass Mills• Tungsten Alloy Factory• Tank Ammo Factory• Explosives Factory• Medium Artillery Ammo Factory

Heavy Industries Heavy Industries were established with Ukrainian assistance mainly to assemble the BTR-3U fleet of theMyanmar Army. Total of 1,000 BTR-3U wheeled APCs are to be assembled in Myanmar over the next 10 years from parts sent byUkraine. The BTR-3U is fitted with a number of modern weapon systems including 30 mm gun, 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun,30 mm automatic grenade launcher and anti-tank guided weapons. HI has also built APC/IFV such as MAV 1, MAV 2 and BAACAPCs. Little is known about MAV infantry fighting vehicles but it appeared that only 60% of the components are produced locallyand some vital components such as fire control systems, turrets, engines and transmissions are imported from China NORINCO

industries. Apart from BTR 3Us, MAVs and BAACs, HI is also producing a number of military trucks and jeeps for the Army, Navyand Air Force.Products Products of DI are as follow:-

• BTR3U (180 nos/yr)• MAV-1 IFV (20 nos/yr)• Heavy Truck (400 nos/yr)• 4x4 6 tons truck (400 nos/yr)• Humvee (prototypes)(first seen in the 61st Armed Forces Day Parade)• 105 mm Howitzers (production started in 2006 with the help of Singaporean technicians)• 120 mm mortar MA 6 (50 nos/yr)• 14.5 mm AAA (50 nos/yr)• 12.7 mm HMG (200 nos/yr)• 0.5" HMG (150 nos/yr)

• MA series small arms (60000 nos/yr)• RPG (1500 nos/yr)• Grenade Launcher (7000 nos/yr)• 81/60 mm mortars (1200 nos/yr)• 155/130/122/105 mm ammunitions• 120/81/60 mm mortar bombs• small arms ammunitions (60 millions nos/yr)• grenades/rockets• 57/77/122 mm rockets and up to 500 kg dumb bombs for Air Force• 25/37/40/57 mm ammunitions for navy

References

1. ^ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bm.html 2. ^ a b c DSHMRI Archives

3. ^ Aung San Thuriya Hla Thaung (Armanthit Sarpay, Yangon, 1999)4. ^ In Defiance of the Storm (Myawaddy Press, Yangon, 19975. ^ Strategic Cultures in Asia-Pacific Region (St. Martin's Press)6. ^ DSHMRI7. ^ Johnson, Tim (August 29, 2009). China Urges Burma to Bridle Ethnic Militia Uprising at Border . The Washington Post .8. ^ Andrew Selth: Transforming the Tatmadaw9. ^ Maung Aung Myoe: Building the Tatmadaw, p.2610. ^ See order of battle for further details11. ^ see Order of Battle for further details12. ^ Working Papers – Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, ANU13. ^ Andrew Selth: Power Without Glory14. ^ Far Eastern Economic Review, 20 May 198115. ^ Far Eastern Economic Review, 7 July 198316. ^ http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/ministry/home/mpf/

17. ^ http://www.karenhumanrightsgroup.org/photoreports/2008photos/gallery2008/section5.html 18. ^ http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/HK04Ae01.html See also



Current events/Southeast Asia por

• Myanmar Army • Myanmar Navy • Myanmar Air Force • Myanmar Police Force • Myanmar Frontier Forces• Military Intelligence of Myanmar • Aung San

External links

• Burma Library Archives

A governme

Comma

al

nt poster urging unity between the Tatmadaw and people.

der in Chief of Tamadaw - Ministry of Defence Flag

Armed Forces Flag



Defence Services Academy

The DSA, Pyin Oo Lwin


Motto Triumphant Elites of the Future

Established 1954[1]

Rector Colonel Zaw Win

Principal Major General Zayar Aung

Faculty 300

Undergraduates 5000

Postgraduates 1500

Doctoral students 100

Location Pyin Oo Lwin, Mandalay Division, Myanmar

The Defence Services Academy (DSA), (Burmese: ), located in Pyin Oo Lwin, is the premier militaryservice academy of Myanmar , training future officers for all three branches of Burmese military. The Ministry of Defence administered academy offers bachelor's degree programs in liberal arts, combined physical sciences, and computer science. As of 49th intake in 2007, the academy is open only to male applicants. [citation needed ] The DSA graduates are commissioned in one of thethree branches of Burmese military. As the country's premier military training school, the DSA has produced many of the top

military officers. History The DSA was established in Fort Ba Htoo in southern Shan State in 1954, and was moved to its currenthome, a former British hill station of Pyin Oo Lwin (formerly, Maymyo) in June 1957.[2] Mission The purpose of the academy is to"train a new generation of highly educated and well-rounded officers for Myanmar's armed forces who are capable of leading thenation". The DSA emphasizes on academic curriculum alongside the military training with the intention of developing individualswho are capable of running the entire nation. In contrast, the mission of Officer Training School of Myanmar is to train the futurecommanders who can lead the Armed Forces at times of war. Further more, OTS does not offer any academic qualifications andentry is usually open only to degree-holders. From 1999 onwards, it is open only to non-commissioned officers and servicemenholding degrees who demonstrates extraordinary qualities to become officers and the training is carried over usually nine months period and there are two intakes per year.Admissions As the country's most prestigious military academy, the DSA receives many applications from high school graduateseach year. Unlike at most other Burmese universities, the selection process goes beyond the matriculation exam marks, including physical fitness tests, teamwork and comradeship screening, psychometric assessments and general interviews. As of 49th intake in2007, the academy is open only to male applicants.[citation needed ] Programs The DSA offers three-year bachelor's degree programs in liberal arts, combined physical sciences (with specializations in

areas such as chemistry, physics, mathematics, geology) and computer science. The undergraduate degree programs used to take 4years but have been changed to 3 years from the 42nd intake.Military education All cadets receive mandatory military training. The structure of the DSA is based on British and American (i.e.Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst and United States Military Academy, West Point respectively) military training traditions as



well as home-grown practices. In the tradition of American system, the senior cadet officers are assigned to mentor junior cadetofficers, overseeing day-to-day training, discipline and welfare of the juniors in general, with the aim of developing the so-called"guardian brotherhood" so as to develop a sense of community, comradeship, faith and trust, chain-of-command and looking after one another. This function is supervised by an officer (known as company officer), usually at the rank of Captain, who is thensupported by a senior non-commissioned officer, usually at the rank of Master Sergeant. The sergeant more closely interact with thecadet officers and is directly in the chain-of-command, and is similar to the British system. Unlike in American and British systems,which maintain separate military academies for different branches of armed forces, the DSA trains for all three branches of Burmese

military (army, navy and air force). Its cadets select the branch to enter upon their graduation, subject to fulfilling further health andtraining requirements. In general, cadets at the DSA starts their day in the early mornings with rigorous physical training, followed by academic lectures, then by military training. After the exams, they also spend a period devoted solely for military training whichtake place at various locations across the country. As part of their study requirements, they are taught political science, general law,international relations and other related subjects alongside their main studies regardless of specialism. In common with other universities in the country, the cadets are required to study Burmese, English and mathematics regardless of the subject they major in.The first few weeks of the 1st year is known as "soldier indoctrination week" when newly recruited cadet officers are trained to havemilitary mentality. Further more, cadet officers are not allowed to keep in touch with the outside world, not even with family (unlessunder exceptional circumstances such as death of a family member), for the first six months of the first year which is a period meantto transform these young high school graduates from civilians into potential military officers. Cadets are subject to further disciplinary requirements such as having have to refrain from visiting the restricted areas of the city and the dress-code both while onDSA grounds and while in the city, even during their private time. The board and room, uniform and food, as well as other essentialsupplies, for the cadet officers and their tuition costs are borne by the academy. In addition, they also receive a small amount of monthly allowance. In the past, up to 18th Intake, the academy allowed so-called private cadets who are well-qualified, and satisfied

by admission board, but do not want military service obligation upon graduation. Such applicants pay tuition fees to the academy andfund their own cost of living while receiving education and training at the academy in exactly as the same way as the other regular cadet officers. Such private cadets are not obliged to serve in the Armed Forces upon graduation. However, they may choose toserve, at their own discretion, in the Armed Forces. Private cadets made up about 5~10% of each intakes. Private cadets are,however, no longer admitted after 18th Intake. The minimum contract of the military service for the regular cadet officers upongraduation is 10 years.Academic and Sports Facilities

• Planetarium (One of the only two planetariums in Myanmar)• Library• Computer laboratory dedicated for parallel and distributed computing, and software engineering• Computer clusters• Computer-assisted foreign language facilities• Telescope facilities• Chemistry and geology teaching laboratory• Radiation physics research laboratory• Electronics laboratory with clean room facilities• Olympic-size swimming pool• Several large sports fields with football grounds and tennis courts• Several gyms

Alumni

• Vice-Senior General Maung Aye, army chief and second senior in SPDC, State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar - DSA 1st intake

• U Thaung, Minister of Science and Technology - Awarded Best Cadet in DSA 1st intake.• General Thura Shwe Mann, Joint Chief of Staff (Army, Navy and Air Force) and third senior in SPDC, State Peace and

Development Council of Myanmar - DSA 11th intake• General Thein Sein, Prime Minister - DSA 9th intake•

Lieutenant-General Tin Aye, Chief of Military Ordance - DSA 9th intake• Lieutenant-General Thiha Thura Tin Aung Myint Oo, Secretary-1 of the SPDC, Minister of Military Affairs and

Quartermaster General - DSA 12th intake• Lieutenant General Myint Swe, Chief of Bureau of Special Operation-5 - DSA 15th intake• Lieutenant-General Ye Myint, Directorate of Military Affairs Security - DSA 15th intake• Lieutenant-General Ohn Myint, Chief of Bureau of Special Operation - 1 - DSA 17th intake• Lieutenant-General Min Aung Hlaing, Chief of Bureau of Special Operation - 2 - DSA 19th intake• Lieutenant-General Ko Ko, Chief of Bureau of Special Operation - 3 - DSA 19th intake• Lieutenant-General Tha Aye, Chief of Bureau of Special Operation - 4 - DSA 16th intake• Lieutenant-General Hla Htay Win, Chief of Armed Forces Training - DSA 20th intake

See also Defence Services Technological Academy Defence Services Medical Academy Defence Services Institute of Nursing andParamedical Science References ^ Helen James (2005). Governance and Civil Society in Myanmar . Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 0415355583,

9780415355582.^

Kyi Kyi Hla (2001-04-01). Valiant Sons of Myanmar . Myanmar Perspectives.http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/Perspective/persp2001/4-2001/val.htm.



Defence Services Technological Academy


Motto Honour, Creativity, Capability Technology for military might

Established 1993[1]

Rector Brigadier General Win Myint

Undergraduates 2000

Postgraduates None

Doctoral students None

Location Pyin Oo Lwin, Mandalay Division, Myanmar

Campus 4500 acres

Former names Defence Services Institute of Technology (DSIT)

The Defence Services Technological Academy (DSTA) (Burmese: ),located in Pyin-Oo-Lwin, Myanmar , is the premier technological university of the Myanmar Armed Forces. One of the mostselective universities in the country, the academy offers various Bachelor of Engineering degrees to male cadets only. Upongraduation, most DSTA cadets are commissioned as Engineering Officers with the rank of Lieutenant in one of the three branches of Burmese armed forces--army, navy, and air force. Some qualified cadets may choose (or be chosen) to pursue further education inYangon Technological University, Mandalay Technological University or abroad. History The Defence Services Technological

Academy was established as the Defence Services Institute of Technology (DSIT) in 1993[1]

when all civilian colleges anduniversities in Myanmar were shut down by the military government, following the 1988 nationwide uprising. The military went onto establish a parallel system of colleges and universities for itself, including DSTA, Defence Services Medical Academy, andDefence Services Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Science. The first "intake" of students graduated with Bachelor of Engineering (BE) degrees in 1999.[2] The academy's graduation ceremonies, as with those of all other military-run academies, areattended by the highest ranks of the military government. [3] Admissions As of January, 2008, no women cadets are accepted for theDSTA.[citation needed ] As one of elite academies in military ruled Myanmar, the academy maintains a rigorous selection process,including physical fitness testing, ability for teamwork and comradeship screening, psychometric and general interviews. Theentrance selection process takes about 5 to 7 days at Myanmar Military Officer Selection Board in Yangon. According to officialstatistics, DSTA takes 1 out of 145 applicants at selection process.[citation needed ] Programs The academy offers five-year Bachelor of Engineering degree programs in various disciplines, but primarily in Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering in additionto required cadet training. Cadet training also includes basic military skills, including leadership, through a military programs that begins on their first day at DSTA. Cadets divided into one of two battalions--Anawrahta or Bayinnaung. Each battalion is dividedinto ten companies, in the structure of Burmese army. Most military training takes place during the winter, with new cadetsundergoing Cadet Basic Training--or Beast Barracks--the first year, followed by Cadet Field Training in the second year. Cadetsare housed in barracks and have leadership positions and responsibilities throughout the academic year. Qualified DSTA graduatesmay pursue further education at Yangon Technological University or Mandalay Technological University. Some are selected to studyabroad. Campus The DSTA campus is located in Wet-Won, near Pyin-Oo-Lwin on the Mandalay-Lasho highway, and on theopposite side of town from its sister school, Defence Services Academy. DSTA is part of the military education facilities establishedaround Pyin Oo Lwin area which is also home to Defence Services Administration School, and the Army Training Depot.[4] See also Defence Services Academy Defence Services Medical Academy Defence Services Institute of Nursing and ParamedicalScience Yangon Technological University Mandalay Technological University References

1. ^ a b Helen James (2005). Governance and Civil Society in Myanmar . Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 0415355583,9780415355582.

2. ^ "Defence Services Institute of Technology". Burmese American Democratic Alliance.http://www.badasf.org/education.htm. Retrieved 2008-12-13.

3. ^ Thet Khaing (2006-01-09). Military engineers urged to maintain adaptability. The Myanmar Times.http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes15-299/n006.htm.

4. ^ Clive Parker (2006-10-28). "Inside Myanmar's secret capital".http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/HJ28Ae01.html. Retrieved 2008-12-13.



Defence Services Medical Academy (Burma)


Established 1992

Rector Prof. Maung Maung Wint

Principal Brig-Gen. Tun Ne Lin(2008)

Location Mingaladon, Yangon, Yangon Division, Myanmar

Former names Defence Services Institute of Medicine

The Defence Services Medical Academy (DSMA) (Burmese: ), located inMingaladon, Yangon, is the university of medicine of the Myanmar Armed Forces. One of the most selective universities in thecountry, the academy offers M.B.,B.S. (equivalent of the M.D.) degree programs. Upon graduation, most DSMA cadets arecommissioned with the rank of Lieutenant in Myanmar Army Medical Corps. The aim of the DSMA is to produce good Medicalofficers endowed with brilliant physical and mental ability to safeguard Three Main National CausesReferences

1. ^ Helen James (2005). Governance and Civil Society in Myanmar . Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 0415355583, 9780415355582.2. ^ "Burmese regime figures and supporters". Reserve Bank of Australia.

http://www.rba.gov.au/MediaReleases/2008/mr_08_23_annex.html. Retrieved 2008-12-13.

Defence Services Institute of ursing and Paramedical Science


Established 2000

Type publicLocation Mingaladon 11201, Yangon Yangon Division, Myanmar

The Defence Services Institute of ursing and Paramedical Science (DSIPS) (Burmese: ), located in Mingaladon, Yangon, is one of military-run institutesof higher learning in Myanmar . The university offers bachelor's and master's degree programs in Nursing, a bachelor's degree program in Pharmacy, a bachelor's degree program in Paramedical Science.[3] History DSINPS was founded in 2000 by the Burmese military as the Defence Services Institute of Nursing with assistance from theYangon Institute of Nursing and the Mandalay Institute of Nursing. In 2002, the institute added paramedical science and pharmacydegree programs, and became the Military Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Science. [1] In 2003, the institute assumed its presentname.References

1. ^ a b "Vice-Senior General Maung Aye attends graduation ceremony of 1st Intake of Military Institute of Nursing andParamedical Science". The New Light of Myanmar. 2003-12-06. http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/NLM-

2003/enlm/Dec06_h1.html.2. ^ "The Yangon Centre for Evidence Based Health Care: A Collaborating Centre of the Joanna Briggs Institute, Myanmar ".

The Joanna Briggs Institute. http://www.joannabriggs.edu.au/collab_ctrs/myanmar.php. Retrieved 2008-12-26.3. ^ "Vice-Senior General Maung Aye addresses Graduation Parade of 5th Intake of DSINPS ". The New Light of Myanmar.

2008-01-07. http://www.myanmar.com/newspaper/nlm/Jan08_01.html.



Myanmar Army (Tatmadaw Kyee)


492,000 (Ranked 10th)492,000 (Ranked 10th)

564,250 (Ranked 26th)

72,000 (Ranked 26th)

Headquarters

Naypyidaw

Armed Forces Day: 27th of March

The Myanmar Army (Burmese:Tatmadaw Kyee) is the land component of the Military of Myanmar . The Myanmar Army is thelargest branch of the Armed Forces of Myanmar and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. TheMyanmar Army maintains the second largest active force in Southeast Asia after Vietnam's Vietnam People's Army. The Myanmar Army has a troop strength around 492,000. The army has rich combat experience in fighting insurgents in rough terrains, consideringit has been conducting non-stop counter-insurgency operations against ethnic and political insurgents since its inception in 1948. Theforce is headed by the Commander in Chief (Army), currently Vice Senior General Maung Aye. The highest rank in the Myanmar Army is Senior General, equivalent to Field Marshal position in Western Armies and is currently held by Senior General Than Shwe.The defence budget of the Myanmar Military is 7.07 billion US dollars.[1] Structure of Myanmar Army The Army has always been by far the largest service in Myanmar and has always received the lion'sshare of the defence budget.[1][2] It has played the most prominent part in Myanmar's struggle against the 40 or more insurgent groupssince 1948 and acquired a reputation as a tough and resourceful military force. In 1981, it was described as 'probably the best [army]in Southeast Asia, apart from Vietnam's'.[3] The judgement was echoed in 1983, when another observer noted that "Myanmar'sinfantry is generally rated as one of the toughest, most combat seasoned in Southeast Asia". [4] In 1985, a foreign journalist with therare experience of seeing Burmese soldiers in action against ethnic insurgents and narco-armies was 'thoroughly impressed by their fighting skills, endurance and discipline'.[5] Other commentators throughout that time characterised the Myanmar Army as 'thetoughest, most effective light infantry jungle force now operating in Southeast Asia'.[6] Even the Thais, not known to praise theBurmese lightly, have described the Myanmar Army as 'skilled in the art of jungle warfare'.[7] However, due to dwindling

recruitment, the military junta has been forcing enlistment of child soldiers into the army's ranks. [8] According to human rightsgroups, the Myanmar Army has the world's largest number of child soldiers.[9] Expansion The first army division to be formed after the 1988 military coup was the 11th Light Infantry Division (LID) inDecember 1988 with Col. Win Myint as commander of the division. In March 1990, a new regional military command was opened inMonywa with Brigadier Kyaw Min as commander and named North-Western RMC. A year later 101st LID was formed in Pakokku with Col. Saw Tun as commander. Two Regional Operations Commands (ROC) were formed in Myeik and Loikaw to facilitatecommand and control. They were commanded respectively by Brigadier Soe Tint and Brigadier Maung Kyi. March 1995 saw adramatic expansion of the Tatmadaw as it established 11 Military Operations Commands (MOC)s in that month. MOC are similar toMechanized Infantry Divisions in western armies, each with 10 regular infantry battalions (Chay Hlyin Tatyin), a headquarters, andorganic support units including field artillery batteries. Then in 1996, two new RMC were opened, Coastal Region RMC was openedin Myeik with Brigadier Sit Maung as commander and Triangle Region RMC in Kengtung with Brigadier Thein Sein as commander.Their new ROCs were opened in Kalay, Bhamo and Mongsat. In late 1998, two new MOCs were opened in Bokepyin andMongsat.[10] The most significant expansion after the infantry in the army was in armour and artillery. Beginning in 1990, theTatmadaw procured 18 T-69II tanks and 48 T-63 amphibious light tanks from China. Further procurements were made, including

several hundred Type 85 and Type 92 armoured personnel carriers (APC). By the beginning of 1998, Tatmadaw had about 100+ T-68II main battle tanks, a similar number of T-63 amphibious light tanks and several T-59D tanks. These tanks and armoured personnel carriers were distributed into five armoured infantry battalions and five tank battalions and formed the first ArmouredDivision of the Tatmadaw under the name of 71st Armoured Operations Command with its headquarters in Pyawbwe.Strength and organization By 2000, the Myanmar Army had reached some 370,000 all ranks. There were 337 infantry battalions,including 266 light infantry battalions. Although the Myanmar Army's organisational structure was based upon the regimentalsystem, the basic manoeuvre and fighting unit is the battalion, known as Tat Yin in Burmese, which comprised a headquarters unit;four rifle companies (tat khwe) with three rifle platoons (Tat Su) each; an administration company with medical, transport, logisticsand signals units; a heavy weapons company including mortar, machine gun and recoilless gun platoons. Each battalion iscommanded a Lieutenant Colonel (du bo hmu gyi) with a Major (bo hmu) as 2IC (Second in Command), with a total establishmentstrength of 27 officers and 723 other ranks. Light infantry battalions in Myanmar Army have much lower establishment strength of around 500; as a result this often leads to these units being mistakenly identified by the observers and reporters as under strengthinfantry battalions. With its significantly increased personnel numbers, weaponry and mobility, today's Tatmadaw Kyee is aformidable conventional defence force for the Union of Myanmar. Troops ready for combat duty have at least doubled since 1988.Logistics infrastructure and Artillery Fire Support has been greatly increased. Its newly acquired military might was apparent in theTatmadaw's dry season operations against Karen National Union (KNU) strongholds in Manerplaw and Kawmura. Most of thecasualties at these battles were the result of intense and heavy bombardment by the Tatmadaw Kyee. Not only that Tatmadaw Kyee isnow much larger than it was in pre-1988, it is more mobile and has greatly improved armour, artillery and air defence inventories. ItsC3I (Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence) systems have been expanded and refined. It is developing



larger and more integrated, self-sustained formations which should lend themselves to better coordinated action by different combatarms. The army may still have relatively modest weaponry compared to its larger neighbours, but it is now in a much better positionto deter external aggression and respond to such a threat should it ever arise.[2] Commander in Chief (Army) Until 1990, Myanmar Armed Forces has Chief of Staff system and Myanmar Army was led by ViceChief of Staff (Army). In 1990, Myanmar Armed Forces was reorganized and all three branches of Armed Forces are now led byCommander-in-Chief.

o 1. Brig-Gen. Saw Kyar Doe (1948)o 2. Brig-Gen. Ne Win (1948-1949)o 3. Brig-Gen. Aung Gyi (1956-1963)o 4. Brig-Gen. San Yu (1963-1972)o 5. Brig-Gen. Thuya Tin Oo (1972-1974)o 6. Brig-Gen. Thuya Kyaw Htin (1974-1976)o 7. Brig-Gen. Aye Ko (1976-1981) (later promoted to Lt-Gen.)o 8. Lt-Gen. Tun Ye (1981-1983)o 9. Lt-Gen. Saw Maung (1983-1985)o 10. Lt-Gen. Than Shwe (1985-1992) (Later promoted to Full General and Senior General)o 11.Lt-Gen. Maung Aye (1993-) (Later promoted to Vice Senior General)

Bureau of Special Operations (BSO) Bureau of Special Operations in Myanmar Army are high-level field units equivalent to FieldArmy Group in Western terms and consist of 2 or more Regional Military Commands (RMC) and commanded by a Lieutenant-General and 6 staff officers. Currently there are five Bureaus of Special Operations in Myanmar order of Battle.

BSO Regional Military Commands

Bureau of Special Operations 1Central Command North Western Command Northern Command

Bureau of Special Operations 2 North Eastern CommandEastern CommandTriangle Region Command

Bureau of Special Operations 3South Western CommandSouthern CommandWestern Command

Bureau of Special Operations 4Coastal CommandSouth Eastern Command

Bureau of Special Operations 5 Yangon Command

Bureau of Special Operations 6 Naypyidaw Command

Regional Military Commands (RMC) For better command and communication, the Tatmadaw formed Regional MilitaryCommands (Tine Sit Htar a Choke) structure in 1958. Until 1961, there were only two regional commands, they were supported by13 Infantry brigades and an infantry division. In October 1961, new regional military commands were opened and leaving only two brigades. In June 1963, the Naypyidaw Command was temporarily formed in Yangon with the deputy commander and some staff officers drawn from Central Command. It was reorganised and renamed as Yangon Command on 1 June 1965. A total of 337infantry and light infantry battalions organised in Tactical Operations Commands, 37 independent field artillery regiments supported by affiliated support units including armoured reconnaissance and tank battalions. RMCs are similar to corps formations in Westernarmies. The RMCs, commanded by Major-General rank officer, are managed through a framework of Bureau of Special Operations(BSOs), which are equivalent to Field Army Group in Western terms. Currently there are five Bureaus of Special Operations in theTatmadaw's order of battle.

RMC State/Division headquarters Battalions

Northern Command( ) Kachin State Myitkyina 33 InfantryBattalions

North Eastern Command( )

Northern Shan State Lashio

30 InfantryBattalions

Eastern Command( )

Southern Shan State Taunggyi

42 InfantryBattalionsincluding 16× LightInfantry Battalionsunder Regional OperationCommand (ROC)Headquarters atLoikaw

South Eastern Command( ) Mon and Kayin (Karen) States Mawlamyaing (Moulmein) 36 InfantryBattalions

Southern Command Bago and Magwe Divisions Toungoo 27 × Infantry



( ) Battalions

South Western Command( )

Ayeyarwady Division (Irrawaddy Division)

Pathein (Bassein)11 × InfantryBattalions

Western Command( )

Rakhine (Arakan) and Chin States

Ann

33 × InfantryBattalions

North Western Command( )

Sagaing Division Monywa


Yangon Command( )

Yangon DivisionMayangoneTownship-Kone-Myint-Thar


Coastal Region Command( )

Tanintharyi Division (Tenassarim Division)

Myeik (Mergui)

43 InfantryBattalionsincluding battalionsunder 2 MOC basedat Tavoy

Triangle Region Command( )

Eastern Shan StateKyaingtong(Kengtung)

28 InfantryBattalions

Central Command( )

Mandalay Division Mandalay17 InfantryBattalions

Naypyidaw Command( )

Naypyidaw Pyinmana

Formed in 2006 - ? ×Infantry Battalions

Commanders of Regional Military Commandso 1. Natpyidaw: Maj-Gen. Wai Lwino 2. Eastern: Maj-Gen. Yar Pyaeo 3. North-Eastern: Maj-Gen. Aung Than Htuto 4. South-Eastern: Maj-Gen. Thet Naing Wino 5. Central: Maj-Gen. Tin Ngweo 6. Western: Maj-Gen. Thaung Ayeo 7. North-Western: Maj-Gen. Myint Soeo 8. South-Western: Maj-Gen. Kyaw Sweo 9. Northern: Maj-Gen. Soe Wino 10.Southern: Maj-Gen. Hla Mino 11.Triangle: Maj-Gen. Kyaw Phyoo 12.Coastal Region: Maj-Gen. Khin Zaw Wino 13.Yangon: Maj-Gen. Win Myint

Regional Operations Commands (ROC - Da Ka Sa)

o Regional Operations Command - Loikaw (headquarters at Loikaw)o Regional Operations Command - Laukai (headquarters at Laukai)o Regional Operations Command - Kalay (headquarters at Kalay)o Regional Operations Command - Sittwe (headquarters at Sittwe)o Regional Operations Command - Pyay (headquarters at Pyay)o Regional Operations Command - Tanaing (headquarter at Tanaing)

Military Operations Commands (MOC) Military Operations Commands (MOC, or Sa Ka Kha), commanded by a Brigadier-General, are similar to infantry divisions in Western Armies. Each consists of 10 Infantry battalions (Chay Hlyin Tatyin), HQ and

organic support units including field artillery batteries. While the MOC is equivalent to the LID, as both command ten battalions, theROC is much smaller in size, with only four battalions, thus ROC is the regimental level with a brigadier general as commander.ROC is a position between LID/MOC commander and tactical Operation Command (TOC) commander, who commands only threeinfantry battalions. But, the ROC commander enjoys financial, administrative and judicial authority while the MOC commander doesnot have judicial authority.

o Military Operations Command 1 (headquarters at Kyaukme , Shan State)o Military Operations Command 2 (headquarters at Loilem , Shan State)o Military Operations Command 3 (headquarters at Mogaung , Kachin State)o Military Operations Command 4 (headquarters at Phugyi , Yangon Division)o Military Operations Command 5 (headquarters at Ann , Rakhine State)o Military Operations Command 6 (headquarters at Pyinmana , Mandalay Division)o Military Operations Command 7 (headquarters at Phekon , Shan State)o Military Operations Command 8 (headquarters at Dawei , Tanintharyi Division)o Military Operations Command 9 (headquarters at Kyauktaw , Rakhine State)o Military Operations Command 10 (headquarters at Kyeekone , Mandalay Division)o Military Operations Command 12 (headquarters at Kawkareik , Kayin State)o Military Operations Command 13 (headquarters at Bokpyin , Tanintharyi Division)o Military Operations Command 14 (headquarters at Mongsat , Shan State)o Military Operations Command 15 (headquarters at Buthidaung , Rakhine State)



o Military Operations Command 16 (headquarters at Theinni , Shan State)o Military Operations Command 17 (headquarters at Mongpan , Shan State)o Military Operations Command 18 (headquarters at Hehalsai, Shan State)o Military Operations Command 19 (headquarters at Ye , Mon State)o Military Operations Command 20 (headquarters at Kawthaung , Tanintharyi Division)o Military Operations Command 21 (headquarters at Bhamo , Kachin State)

Light Infantry Divisions (LID) Light Infantry Division (Chay Myan Tat Ma), commanded by a Brigadier-General, each with 10

Light Infantry Battalions organised under 3 Tactical Operations Commands, commanded by a Colonel, (3 battalions each and 1reserve), 1 Field Artillery Battalion, 1 Armour Squadron and other support units. These divisions were first introduced to theMyanmar Army in 1966 as rapid reaction mobile forces for strike operations. 77th Light Infantry Division was formed on 6 June 1966, followed by 88th Light Infantry Division and 99th Light Infantry Division in the two following years. 77th LID was largelyresponsible for the defeat of the Communist forces of the CPB (Communist Party of Burma) based in the forested hills of the centralBago Yoma in the mid 1970s. Three more LIDs were raised in the latter half of 1970s (the 66th, 55th and 44th) with their headquarters at Pyay, Aungban and Thaton. They were followed by another two LIDs in the period prior to the 1988 military coup(the 33rd LID with headquarters at Sagaing and the 22nd LID with headquarters at Hpa-An). 11th LID was formed in December 1988 with headquarters at Inndine, Bago Division and 101st LID was formed in 1991 with its headquarters at Pakokku. Each LID,commanded by Brigadier General ( Bo hmu gyoke) level officers, consists of 10 light infantry battalions specially trained in counter-insurgency and jungle warfare, for "search and destroy" operations against ethnic insurgents and narcotics-based armies. These battalions are organised under three Tactical Operations Commands (TOC; Sit byu har ) and Each TOC, commanded by Colonel ( Bo

hmu gyi), is made up of three or more combat battalions, with command and support elements similar to that of brigades in Westernarmies. One battalion was held in reserve. As of 2000, all LID have their organic Field Artillery units. For example, 314th Field

Artillery Battery is now attached to 44th LID. Some of the LID battalions have been given Parachute and Air Borne Operationstraining and two of the LIDs have been converted to mechanised infantry formation with divisional artillery, armouredreconnaissance and tank battalions[11] LIDs are considered to be a strategic asset of the Myanmar Army, and after the 1990reorganisation and restructuring of the Tatmadaw command structure, they are now directly answerable to Chief of Staff (Army).

LID Year formed Place formed Current Commander

11th LID 1988 Inndine, Bago Division

22nd LID 1987 Hpa-An

33rd LID 1984 Sagaing

44th LID 1979 Thaton

55th LID 1980 Sagaing/Kalaw

66th LID 1976 Pyay 77th LID 1966 Hmawbi/Bago

88th LID 1967 Magway

99th LID 1968 Meiktila

101st LID 1991 Pakokku

Air Defence Command The Air Defence Command was formed during the late 1990s but was not fully operational until 1999. Inearly 2000, Tatmadaw established Myanmar Integrated Air Defence System (MIADS) with help from Russia, Ukraine and China. AllAD assets except Anti-Aircraft Artillery within Tatmadaw arsenal are integrated into MIADS. Under MIADS, the country wasdivided into six Air Defense sectors, each controlled by a Sector Operations Center (SOC) and reporting to the National Air DefenseOperations Center (ADOC) in Yangon.Each SOC transmitted data back to Intercept Operations Centers (IOC), which in turncontrolled SAM batteries and fighter/interceptor squadrons at Air Bases. Each IOC was optimized to direct either SAMs or fighter/interceptor aircraft against incoming enemy aircraft or missile. Each IOC was connected to observer and early warning area

reporting posts (RP) via fibre optic cable network. There were about 100 radars located at approximately 40 sites throughout thecountry. New AD radars such as 1L117 radars, Galaxy Early Warning Radar and P series radars are installed in all radar stations.Sector Operations Centers The six Sector Operations Centers (SOCs) of MIADS are as follow:-

• Northern SOC (HQ at Myitkyina)• Southern SOC (HQ at Myeik )• Western SOC (HQ at Sittwe)• Eastern SOC (HQ at Tachilek )• South Eastern SOC (HQ at Yay)• Central SOC (HQ at Meiktila)

Artillery and Armoured Units Artillery and armoured units were not used in an independent role, but were deployed in support of the infantry by the Ministry of Defence as required. The Directorate of Artillery and Armour Corps was also divided into separatecorps in 2001, and the Office of Chief of Air Defense was created. A dramatic expansion of forces under these directorates followedwith the equipment procured from China, Russia, Ukraine and India.Artillery As of 2000, the Armour and Artillery wing of the Tatmadaw has about 60 battalions and 37 independent artillerycompanies/batteries attached to various regional commands, LIDs, MOCs and ROCs. For example, 314th Field Artillery Battery isunder 44th LID, 326 Field Artillery Battery is attached to 5th MOC, 074 Field Artillery Battery is under ROC (Bhamo) and 076 FieldArtillery Battery is under North-Eastern RMC. Twenty of these Artillery battalions are grouped under 707th Artillery OperationCommand (AOC) headquarters in Kyaukpadaung and 808th Artillery Operation Command (AOC) headquarters in Oaktwin, near



Taungoo. The remaining 30 battalions, including 7 Anti-Aircraft artillery battalions are under the Directorate of Armour and Artillery(DAA). Since 2000, the Directorate of Artillery Corps has overseen the expansion of Artillery Operational Commands(AOC) fromtwo to 10 or more. Tatmadaw's stated intention is to establish an AOC in each of the 12 Regional Military Commands. Each AOC iscomposed of an HQ battalion and 13 Artillery batteries; 9 Field Artillery Batteries,1 Medium Artillery Battery, 1 Rocket ArtilleryBattery, 1 TAB and supporting units.Armour Armoured divisions were expanded in number from one to two, each with ten armoured battalions (five equipped with tanksand five with IFVs and APCs). In mid-2003, Tamadaw acquired 139+ T-72 Main Battle Tanks from Ukraine and signed a contract to

build and equip a factory in Myanmar to produce and assemble 1,000 BTR armored personnel carriers (APCs) in 2004. In 2006, theIndian Government transferred an unspecified number of T-55 Main Battle Tanks that were being phased out from active service toTatmadaw along with 105 mm Light Field Guns, armoured personnel carriers and indigenous HAL Light Attack Helicopters inreturn for Tatmadaw’s full cooperation in flushing out Indian insurgent groups operating from its soil.Artillery Operations Command (AOC) Since 2000, the Directorate of Artillery Corps has overseen the massive expansion of Artillery Operational Commands(AOC). Artillery Operations Commands are equivalent to Artillery Divisions in western term.Currently there are 10 AOCs in Tatmadaw order of battle. Tatmadaw's stated intention is to establish an AOC in each of the 12Regional Military Commands. Each AOC is composed of the following:

• HQ battalion,• 12 Artillery Battalions:

o six light field artillery battalion equipped with 105 mm, 76 mm, 75 mm howitzers, field guns and mountain guns,o three medium artillery battalions equipped with 155 mm, 130 mm, 122 mm howitzers and field guns ,o one Multiple Rocket Launcher battalion equipped with 122 mm self propelled and towed launchers,o one Air Defence Artillery battalion with 37 mm, 57 mm Anti-Aircraft guns or SA 18 IGLAs) man portable

surface-to-air missiles ando one target acquisition battalion.

• support unitsLight field artillery battalions consists of 3 field artillery batteries with 36 field guns or howitzers (12 guns per battery). Mediumartillery battalions consists of 3 medium artillery batteries of 18 field guns or howitzers (6 guns per one battery).

• o Artillery Operations Command 505 (headquarters at Thaton)o Artillery Operations Command 606 (headquarter unknown)o Artillery Operations Command 707 (headquarters at Kyaukpadaung)o Artillery Operations Command 808 (headquarters at Oat-Twin--Taung Ngoo o Artillery Operations Command 909 (headquarters at [ Mai Khon])o Artillery Operations Command 901 (headquarters unknown)o Artillery Operations Command 902 (headquarters unknown)o Artillery Operations Command 903 (headquarters at Loilem)

o Artillery Operations Command 904 (headquarters unknown)o Artillery Operations Command 905 (headquarters unknown)

Armour Operations Command (AOC) Armour Operations Commands are equivalent to Independent Armour Divisions in westernterm. Currently there are 5 ArOCs in Tatmadaw order of battle. Tatmadaw is to establish an ArOC in 7 of the 12 Regional MilitaryCommands. Each ArOC is composed of ArOC HQs, three tank regiments, three AFV regiments, one artillery regiment and onesupport regiment. Support regiment also composed of an engineer squadron, two logistic squadrons and a signal company. However some ArOC have only two tank regiments. Myanmar Army has taken delivery of 150 EE-9 Cascavels from Israeli army(?) surplus in2005. Although EE 9 are armoured reconnaissance vehicle, Myanmar Army categorized them as light tank and deploys them ineastern Shan State and triangle regions near Thai-Myanmar border.Myanmar Army Staff

Strength

Myanmar Army statistics Active Troops 492,250

Regional Military Commands 13

Infantry Divisions 30 (10 LID and 20 MOC)Armour Divisions 10

Artillery Divisions 10

Tanks 5200

Artillery 13800Rank Structure See: Army ranks and insignia of Myanmar The various rank of the Myanmar Army are listed below in descendingorder:Commissioned Officers

• Bo Gyoke Hmu Gyi (Senior General)• Du Bo Gyoke Hmu Gyi (Vice Senior General)• Bo Gyoke Kyee (General)• Du Bo Gyoke Kyee (Lieutenant General)• Bo Gyoke (Major General)• Bo Hmu Gyoke (Brigadier General)• Bo Hmu Gyi (Colonel)• Du Bo Hmu Gyi Lieutenant-Colonel



• Bo Hmu Major • Bo Gyi Captain • Bo (Lieutenant)• Du Bo (Second Lieutenant)

on Commissioned Officers (COs) • A Yar Khan Bo (Warrant Officer

• Du A Yar Khan Bo (Regimental S• Oak Khwè Tat Kyat Kyee (Maste• Tat Kyat Kyee (Sergeant)• Tat Kyat (Corporal)• Du Tat Kyat (Lance Corporal)

Lowest Rank • Tat Thar (Private)

Order of Battle

• 13 x Regional Military Command• 6 x Regional Operations Comman• 21 × Military Operations Comma• 10 x Light Infantry Divisions (LI• 1 x Airborne Infantry Division• 10 x Armoured Operation Com

(IFVs/APCs).)• 10 x Artillery Operation Comman• 10 x Anti-Aircraft Artillery/Air D

Battalions, 3 × AAA/AD Battalio• 40+ Military Affair Security Com

the Directorate of Defense Service• 45 Advanced Signal Battalions• 54 Field Engineer Battalions• 4 Armoured Engineer Battalions• 55 Medical Battalions

Equipment

Armour

Type Origin

Main Battle Tanks

T-55[12] Soviet Union (

T-72S[13] Soviet Union (

Type 59D China

Type 69-II[14] China

Light Tanks

Comet[15][16] United Kingdom

Type 63[14]

China Armoured Fighting Vehicles

BMP-1 Soviet Union

BTR-3U[17][18] Ukraine

Dingo Scout Car United Kingdom

EE-9 Cascavel Brazil ( Israel)

Ferret Scout Car United Kingdom

Humber Pig United Kingdom

MAV-1 Myanmar

Panhard AML 90 France ( Israel

Type 85[14] China

ergeant Major )Sergeant)

s (RMC)ds (ROC)ds (MOC))

mands (AOC) (Each with 5 Tank Battalions and 5

ds (AOC) (with of 113 Field Artillery Battalions)efence Division (Each with 3 × Medium Range SAM Batt)

panies (MAS Units replaces former Military IntelligenceIntelligence (DDSI))

Quantity otes

India) N/A Delivered by India

Ukraine) 139 Delivered by Ukraine

50

80-100

22 World War II vintage

150

50+

1,000 To be assembled locally until 2013


200 Delivered by Israel

6

40

72 Locally manufactured Infantry fightin

50+ Delivered by Israel

250

rmoured Infantry Battalions

alions, 3 × Short Range SAM

nits after the disbandment of

g vehicle



Universal Carrier United Kingdom

Artillery

Type Origin

Self-propelled artillery

Nora B-52[19] Serbia

Towed artillery

75mm field guns United Ki

BL 5.5 inch Medium Gun United Ki

D-30M Soviet Un

KH-179 South Ko

M48 mountain gun Yugoslavi

M-845P Israel

Ordnance QF 25 pounder United Ki

Type 59-1 China Various 105 mm howitzers Various

Multiple rocket launchers

/ Unknown

Type 90 China

Type 90 China

BM-21 Soviet Un

Type 63 China

BA-84 Myanmar

Air DefenceType Origin

Missile systems

Bristol Bloodhound U

S-75 Dvina (SA-2 Guideline) SRussia

2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainful) SRussia

9K37 Buk-M1-2 (SA-11Gadfly)[22]

SRussia

9K331M Tor-M1 (SA-15Gauntlet)[23]

SRussia

2K22 Tunguska M-1 (SA-19Grison)[24]

SRussia

9K38 Igla (SA-18 Grouse) SRussia

CPMIEC HN5 C

Gun systems

Type 56 C

Various anti-aircraft guns VariouSupport Weapons

Type Origin Quantity otes


Quantity otes

30 152 mm self-propelled howitzer

ngdom 80 World War II vintage 122 mm howitzer

ngdom 230 World War II vintage 140 mm howitzer

ion 72 122 mm howitzer

ea 100+ 155 mm howitzer

a 100 76 mm mountain gun

16 155 mm howitzer

ngdom 50 World War II vintage 87.6 mm howitzer

16 130 mm field gun340+ Types: L118, M101, M56 and others

90 240 mm multiple rocket launcher (self-p



ion 70 122 mm multiple rocket launcher (self-p

48 107 mm multiple rocket launcher (towe

N/A 122 mm multiple rocket launcher (towe

Quantity otes

nited Kingdom 2 Long-range surface-to-air

oviet Union ()

48 Long-range surface-to-air

oviet Union ()

40Self-propelled, medium-r system

oviet Union ()

48Self-propelled, medium-r system

oviet Union ()

20 Self-propelled, short-range

oviet Union ()

24Self-propelled, short-ranmissile system

oviet Union ()

400Very short-range portable(MANPADS)

hina 200Very short-range portable(MANPADS)

hina 580 14.5 mm heavy machine g

340 37 mm /40 mm /57 mm

opelled)

opelled)

opelled)

opelled)

)

)

issile system

issile system

ange surface-to-air missile

ange surface-to-air missile

surface-to-air missile system

e surface-to-air gun and



n in quadruple mounts



Mortars

Various mortars Various 400+ 60 mm / 82 mm / 120 mm

Rocket Launchers and Recoilless Guns • N/A 57 mm M-18• N/A 57 mm Type 36•

200 75 mm M-20 Rocket Launchers• N/A 75 mm Type 52 Rocket Launchers• N/A 75 mm Type 56 Rocket Launchers• N/A 82 mm Type 65• N/A 82 mm Type 78• 1800 84mm FFC Carl Gustaf M-2 • N/A 3.5in M20 Super Bazooka • N/A 106 mm M40 recoilless rifle

Heavy Machine Guns • NSVT • 12.7mm Type 85 HMG • 20mm Hispano Suiza Mk 5 Automatic Cannon

General Purpose Machine Guns (GPMG) The typical section support weapon before 1988 Tatmadaw modernisation programme

was the locally-manufactured 7.62 mm BA64 Light Machine Gun (LMG). This was essentially the G3 assault rifle fitted with heavy barrel and bipod. The G4 replaced the British 0.30in Bren LMG. Company fire support generally consisted of German-designed7.62 mm MG3 general purpose machine guns (made in Myanmar's own Ka Pa Sa factories) and the Belgian 7.62 mm FN MAG GPMG.

• 0.30in Browning M1919A4 • 0.303in Bren • 7.62mm Bren L4A4 • 7.62 mm Ka Pa Sa BA-64• 5.56 mm Ka Pa Sa MA-2• 7.62mm Ka Pa Sa MA15 • 7.62mm FN MAG

Individual Weapons

Assault Rifles Before 1988, the standard Myanmar infantry weapon was the 7.62 mm BA-63 assault rifle, a locally-produced version

of the Heckler & Koch G3. Myanmar also produced a shorter, lighter carbine version of the same rifle under the designation BA-72,simply known as the G2. A third version of the G3, known as the BA-100, was more accurate and reliable, but was primarily used asa sniper's weapon. Many soldiers, mainly officers and NCO, still carried 0.30 calibre M1 and M2 carbines provided by the US in the1950s under the Military Assistance Programme (MAP). These world war two vintage carbines are ideal for jungle warfare. From the beginning of 2002, 7.62 mm BA series rifles have been gradually replaced by 5.56 mm MA-series assault rifles in Myanmar Army'sfrontline units, tested earlier as the EMERK-3.[25] MA-series assault rifles are similar to Israeli GALIL rifle and fire 5.56 mm NATOrounds. As side-arm, officers used 9 mm Browning High Power/FN-35 semi-automatic pistol locally manufactured under license by Ka Pa Sa.

• Type 81 • Type 56 • 5.56 mm MA-1 assault rifle - (licence produced Galil)• 5.56 mm MA-3 carbine• 5.56 mm MA-4 (MA-1 assault rifle with 40 mm M203 Grenade Launcher)• 5.56 mm MA-11 (licence produced HK33)• 5.56 mm MA-12 light machine gun• 7.62 mm Ka Pa Sa BA-63 assault rifle (licence produced G3A2)• 7.62 mm Ka Pa Sa BA-72 assault rifle (licence produced G3K)• 7.62 mm Ka Pa Sa BA-100 assault rifle (licence produced G3A3ZF)• Kalashnikov AK-74 • Kalashnikov AKM • 5.45 mm AKS-74U

Submachine Guns • 9 mm Ka Pa Sa BA-52 " Ne Win Sten" (licence produced TZ-45)• 9 mm Ka Pa Sa BA-94 (licence produced Uzi)• 9 mm Sterling L2A3

Grenade Launchers •

Type 56 RPG • Type 69 RPG • 40 mm GP-25

Training



Defence Academies and Colleges

• National Defence College - NDC• Defence Services Command and• Defence Services Academy - DS• Defence Services Technological• Defence Services Medical Acade

• Defence Services Nursing College• Defence Services Technological C

Training Schools

• Officer Training School - OTS (F• Myanmar Army Combat Forces S• Myanmar Army Combat Forces S• Artillery Training School (Mone• Armour Training School (Mine M• Electronic School (Pyin Oo Lwin • Engineer School (Pyin Oo Lwin)• Information Warfare School (Yan• Air, Land and Paratroops Trainin• Special Forces School (Ye Mon)

Transport Before 1988, Myanmar Army hton 4x2 Hino TE 11/21 trucks, and they hadefence modernization programme, MyanmArmy bought 4000 6 ton 4x2 FAW and Dmaintenance problems with the earlier TE 14x2 5 ton trucks. Again in 1997, Myanmar Shaanqi SX 2190 6X6 military utility truck neighbouring Thailand in 2002, Myanmar Dongfeng EQ2102 3.5 tonne 6X6 military between 2003 and 2006. In 2007 November,Myanmar Military. As part of that agreemetrucks are to deliver in June. [3] Myanmar trucks in 1997.Trucks

• Hino Motors TE 11/21• Jiefang Motors EQ1093 truck

• Jiefang Motors CA1091 (formerl

• Jiefang Motors EQ2102 3.5 tonne

• Shaanqi Motors SX 2190 (6x6) ut

• Dongfeng Motor Corporation/FA

• FSC Star 266 (6x6) medium truck

• FAW CA6110/125Z1A2 6x6 6 toUtility

• Toyota Land Cruiser

• Toyota Tiger DubleCub

• Nissan Patrol • Isuzu Trooper

• Jiefang Langian People's Re• Ford DubleCub United State• Humvee (locally reverse engineer • Myanmar Jeeps (copy of US mad• Chin Dwin Star Jeeps (copy of US

Communication Command and control syoptic communication network through outits own telecommunication system. Satelli battle field communication systems are stillUK in 1980s. Myanmar Army also useshandsets are fitted to all front line units.

See also• Aung San • Tatmadaw • Myanmar Navy

Yangon)eneral Staff College - DSCGSC (Kalaw)(Pyin Oo Lwin)cademy - DSTA (Pyin Oo Lwin)y - DSMA (Yangon)

- DSNC (Yangon)ollege -DSTC (Hopone)

rt Ba Htoo)chool-I (Fort Ba Htoo)chool-II (Fort Bayintnaung)ai)aw)

gon)School (Hmawbi)

d less than 2000 military trucks in their inventory, bulk of to rely on civil transport systems. After the 1988 military

ar started to acquire hundreds of logistic vehicle mainly fr ongfeng EQ1093 trucks form China and delivery comple1 and 21, Myanmar Army again signed contract with ChinArmy acquired 1000 Dongfeng EQ2102 3.5 tonne 6X6

s for newly formed artillery units for towing guns. Howevrmy found difficulties with the existing 4x2 military truck utility trucks. These trucks were delivered at China-MyaChina has agreed to supply another 1500 EQ2102 3.5 tonn

t Myanmar has taken delivery of first batch of 350 EQ 2102ordinance factories started assembling Chinese Aeolus 4x

People's Republic of China

CA141) 5 tonne truck People's Republic of China

(6x6) truck People's Republic of China

lity truck People's Republic of China

EQ2102 3.5 tonne cargo carrier People's Republic o

(Poland) Poland

People's Republic of China

u blic of China s)d AMC Hummer United States Jeep)made Jeep)tem of Myanmar Army has been substantially upgraded bhe country. Since 2002 all Myanmar Army regional and de communications is also provided to forward-deployed poor. Infantry units are still using TRA 906 and PRM 40hura (locally built TRA 906) and XD-D6M (Chinese r

them are locally assembled 6coup, with the starting of them China. In 1992, Myanmar

ted in 1995. However due toto buy 4000 Jiefang CA1091 ilitary utility trucks and 200

er during border clashes withand then they acquired 3000

mar border town of Shwe Li e 6x6 military utility trucks totrucks in 2008 April and 6506 tonne light utility military

f China

y setting up the military fibreivisional command HQs usedinfantry battalions. However,1 which were acquired fromdio sets. Frequency hopping



• Myanmar Air Force • Military Intelligence of Myanmar • Myanmar Police Force

References

1. ^ Working Papers - Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, ANU2. ^ Andrew Selth: Power Without Glory (ISBN 1891936131)3. ^ Far Eastern Economic Review, 20 May 19814. ^ Far Eastern Economic Review, 7 July 19835. ^ Bertil Lintner, Land of Jade 6. ^ AsiaWeek 21 Feb. 19927. ^ The Defence of Thailand (Thai Government issue), p.15, April 19958. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7069920.stm 9. ^ http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2002/10/15/burma-worlds-highest-number-child-soldiers 10. ^ WP 342. Australian National University11. ^ Selth: 'Power without Glory ( ISB 1891936131 ) 12. ^ India sells maritime aircraft to Myanmar , Times of India (May 12, 2007). Seen January 5, 2009.13. ^ Fullbrock, David: Burma’s Generals on a Buying Spree , Asia Sentinel (December 19, 2006). Seen January 4, 2009.14. ^ a b c Selth, Andrew: "The Burmese Army". In: Jane's Intelligence Review, November 1, 1995. Retrieved 30 January,

2009.15. ^ IISS, The Military Balance, issue 2005, 2006, 2007.16. ^ a b Selth, Andrew (2002): Burma's Armed Forces: Power Without Glory , Eastbridge. ISBN 1891936131

17. ^ Amnesty International, EU Office. EU arms embargoes fail to prevent German engines being incorporated into militaryvehicles available in Burma/Myanmar, China and Croatia. Seen January 4, 2009.

18. ^ Ashton, William: The Kiev Connection. In: The Irrawaddy, 12, 4 (2004). Seen January 4, 2009.19. ^ BIRN (2007):Serbia's Arms Exports to Myanmar (Burma) "Legal" , Ocnus.net. Seen January 4, 2009.20. ^ Selth, Andrew (2000): Burma's Order of Battle: An Interim Assessment . ISBN 073152778X 21. ^ IISS The Military Balance 2007 22. ^ IISS The Military Balance 2007 23. ^ IISS The Military Balance 2007 24. ^ IISS The Military Balance 2007 25. ^ [http://securityarms.com/20010315/galleryfiles/3200/3273.htm Ka-Pa-Sa MA-11/MA-12 (HK33) assault weapon system

5.54x45] Retrieved on October 28, 2007.Army

Tamadaw Kyee [7] [8] The Myanmar Army has always been by far the largest Service and has always received the lion's share of

Myanmar's defence budget. It has played the most prominent part in Myanmar's struggle against the 40 or more insurgent groupssince 1948 and acquired a reputation as a tough and resourceful military force. In 1981, it was described as 'probably the best [army]in Southeast Asia, apart from Vietnam's'[9]. The judgement was echoed in 1983, when another observer noted that "Myanmar'sinfantry is generally rated as one of the toughest, most combat seasoned in Southeast Asia" [10]. Image File history File links Army-flag. ... Image File history File links Army-flag. ... In 1985, a foreign journalist with the rare experience of seeing Burmese soldiers inaction against ethnic insurgents and narco-armies was 'thoroughly impressed by their fighting skills, endurance and discipline'[11].Other commentators throughout that time characterised the Myanmar Army as 'the toughest, most effective light infantry jungle forcenow operating in Southeast Asia'/[12]. Even the Thais, not known to praise the Burmese lightly, have described Myanmar Army as'skilled in the art of jungle warfare'[13]. Thai soldiers readily acknowledge, albeit privately, the toughness and determination of their Myanmar counterparts. Despite its preoccupation with retaining political power, the Myanmar Army has never lost sight of itsdefence role, and over the past 12 years has implemented a wide range of measures which have significantly enhanced its militarycapabilities.The first military division to be formed after the 1988 military coup was the 11th LID in the December of 1988 with Col.Win Myint as commander of the division. In March 1990, a new regional command was opened in Monywa with Brigadier KyawMin as commander and named North-Western RMC. A year later 101st LID was formed in Pakokku with Col. Saw Tun ascommander. Two Regional Operations Commands (ROC) were formed in Myeik and Loikaw to facilitate command and control.They were commanded respectively by Brigadier Soe Tint and Brigadier Maung Kyi. March 1995 saw the dramatic expansions of the Tatmadaw as it established 11 Military Operations Commands (MOC)s in that month. MOC are similar to Mechanized InfantryDivisions in western armies, each with 10 regular infantry battalions (Chay Hlyin Tatyin), a headquarters, and organic support unitsincluding field artillery batteries. Then in 1996, two new RMC were opened, Costal Region RMC was opened in Myeik withBrigadier Sit Maung as commander and Triangle Region RMC in Kengtung with Brigadier Thein Sein as commander. There newROCs were opened in Kalay, Bamaw and Mongsat. In late 1998, two new MOCs were opened in Bokepyin and Mongsat. [14] ImageFile history File links Mm-lid-101. ... Image File history File links Mm-lid-101. ... The most significant expansion after the infantryin the army was in armour and artillery. Beginning in 1990, the Tatmadaw procured 18 T-69II tanks and 48 T-63 amphibious lighttanks from China. Further procurements were made, including several hundred Type 85 and Type 92 armoured personnel carriers(APC). By the beginning of 1998, Tatmadaw has about 100+ T-68II main battle tanks, similar number of T-63 amphibious lighttanks and several T-59D tanks. These tanks and armoured personnel carriers were distributed into five armoured infantry battalionsand five tank battalions and formed the first Armoured Division of the Tatmadaw under the name of 71st Armoured OperationsCommand with it's HQ in Pyawbwe. Image File history File links Mm-armour-flag. ... Image File history File links Mm-armour-flag.By 2000, the Myanmar Army had reached some 370,000 all ranks. There were 337 infantry battalions, including 266 light infantry

battalions. Although the Myanmar Army's organisational structure was based upon the regimental system, the basic manoeuvre andfighting unit is the battalion, known as "Tat Yin" in Burmese, which comprised an HQ unit; four rifle companies( tat khwe) with threerifle platoons (Tat Su) each; an administration company with medical, transport, logistics and signals units; a heavy weaponscompany including motor, machine gun and recoilless gun platoons. Each battalion is commanded a Lieutenant Colonel (du bo hmu



gyi) with a Major (bo hmu) as 2ic (Second in Command), with a total establishment strength of 27 officers and 723 other ranks. Lightinfantry battalions in Myanmar Army have much lower establishment strength of around 500, as a result this often leads to theseunits being mistakenly identified by the observers and reporters as under strength infantry battalions. A regiment is a military unit,consisting of a group of battalions, usually four and commanded by a colonel. ... Symbol of the Austrian 14th Armoured Battalion in NATO military graphic symbols A battalion is a military unit usually consisting of between two and six companies and typicallycommanded by a Lieutenant Colonel. ... Artillery and armoured units were not used in an independent role, but were deployed insupport of the infantry by the Ministry of Defence as required. As of 2000, the Amour and Artillery wing of the Tatmadaw has about

60 battalions and 37 independent artillery companies/batteries attached to various regional commands, LIDs, MOCs and ROCs. For example, 314th Field Artillery Battery is under 44th LID, 326 Field Artillery Battery is attached to 5th MOC, 074 Field ArtilleryBattery is under ROC (Bamaw) and 076 Field Artillery Battery is under North-Eastern RMC. Twenty of these Artillery battalions aregrouped under 707th Artillery Operation Command (AOC) HQ in Kyaukpadaung and 808th Artillery Operation Command (AOC)HQ in Oaktwin, near Taungoo. The remaining 30 battalions, including 7 Anti-Aircraft artillery battalions are under Directorate of Armour and Artillery (DAA). Image File history File links Mm-artillery-flag. ... Image File history File links Mm-artillery-flag. ..With its significantly increased personnel numbers, weaponry and mobility, today's Tatmadaw Kyee is a formidable conventionaldefence force for the Union of Myanmar. Troops ready for Comabt duty have at least doubled since 1988. Logistics infrastructureand Artillery Fire Support has been greatly increased. It's newly acquired military might was apparent in the Tatmadaw's 1994-1995dry season operations against KNU strongholds in Manerplaw and Kawmura. Most of the casualties at these battles were the result of intense and heavy bombardment by the Tatmadaw Kyee. Not only that Tatmadaw Kyee is now much larger than it was in pre-1988,it is more mobile and has greatly improved armour, artillery and air defence inventories. It's C3I (Command, Control,Communications, Computers and Intelligence) systems have been expanded and refined. It is developng larger and more integrated,self-sustained formations which should lend themselves to better coordinated action by different combat arms. Myanmar Army may

still have relatively modest weaponry compared to it's larger neighbours, but it is now in a much better position to deter externalaggression and respond to such a threat should it ever arise.

Bureau of Special Operations (BSO) Bureau of Special Operations in Myanmar Army are high-level field units equivalent to FieldArmy Group in Western terms and consist of 2 or more Regional Military Commands (RMC) and commanded by a Major-Generaland 6 staff officers. Currently there are four Bureaus of Special Operations in Myanmar order of Battle.

BSO Regional Military Commands

Bureau of Special Operations 1Central Command North Western Command Northern Command

Bureau of Special Operations 2 North Eastern CommandEastern CommandTriangle Reigon Command

Bureau of Special Operations 3South Western CommandSouthern CommandWestern Command

Bureau of Special Operations 4Coastal CommandSouth Eastern CommandYangon Command

o Naypyidaw command does not come under any BSO and answerable directly to the Ministry of Defence in Naypyidaw.Image File history File links Mm-mod. ... Image File history File links Mm-mod. ...Regional Military Commands (RMC)

13 x RMC (Tine Sit Htana Choke)

A total of 337 infantry and light infantry battalions organised in 34 Tactical Operations Commands, 37 independent field artillery batteries supported by affiliated support units including armoured reconnaissance and tank battalions. RMCs are similar to corps formations in Western armies. The RMCs are managed through a framework of Bureau of Special Operations (BSOs), which areequivalent to Field Army Group in Western terms. Currently there are four Bureaus of Special Operations in the Myanmar order of battle. A corps (a word that migrated from the French language, pronounced IPA: , but originating in the Latin corpus, corporismeaning body; plural same as singular) is either a large military unit or formation, an administrative grouping of troops within anarmy with a common function (such as artillery or signals... A nations army is its military, or more specifically, all of its land forces....

RMC State/Division HQ Battalions

Northern Command Kachin State Myitkyina 33 Infantry Battalions

North EasternCommand

Northern Shan State Lashio 30 Infantry Battalions

Eastern Command Southern Shan State Taunggyi

42 Infantry Battalionsincluding 16x Light Infantry Battalions under Regional Operation Command (ROC)Headquarters at Loikaw

Triangle RegionCommand Eastern Shan State

Kyaingtong(Kengtung) 28 Infantry Battalions

Central Command Mandalay Division Mandalay 17 Infantry Battalions

South Eastern Mon and Kayin (Karen) States Mawlamyaing 36 Infantry Battalions



Command (Moulmein)

Coastal RegionCommand

Tanintharyi Division (TenassarimDivision)

Myeik (Mergui)43 Infantry Battalionsincluding battalions under 2 MOC based atTavoy

Southern Command Bago and Magwe Divisions Toungoo 27 x Infantry Battalions

South Western

Command

Ayeyarwady Division (Irrawaddy

Division)Pathein (Bassein) 11 x Infantry Battalions

Western Command Rakhine (Arakan) and Chin States Sittwe (Akyab) 33 x Infantry Battalions

North WesternCommand

Sagaing Division Monywa 25 x Infantry Battalions

Yangon Command Yangon Division Mingaladon 12 x Infantry Battalions

Naypyidaw Command Naypyidaw Pyinmana Formed in 2006 - ? x Infantry Battalions

Image File history File links Mm-triangle-rmc. ... Image File history File links Mm-triangle-rmc. ... Image File history File linksMm-eastern-rmc. ... Image File history File links Mm-eastern-rmc. ... Image File history File links Mm-northern-rmc. ... Image Filehistory File links Mm-northern-rmc. ... Kachin State (Jingphaw Mungdan), is the northernmost state of Myanmar. ... Shan State is astate located in Myanmar (Burma), which takes its name from the Shan people, the majority ethnic group in the Shan State. ...Mandalay Division is an administrative division of Myanmar. ... Mandalay (Burmese: ) is the second largest city in Myanmar (formerly Burma) with a population of 927,000 (2005 census), agglomeration 2,5 million. ... Mon States seal is a hintha (mythicalduck), which is the symbol of the Mon people. ... Kayin State is an administrative division of Myanmar and also known as Karen

State. ... Tanintharyi Division, better known by the old name Tenasserim, is a division of Myanmar, covering the long narrowsouthern part of the country on the Kra Isthmus. ... Bago Division is an administrative division of Myanmar, located in the southern portion of the country. ... Magway Division (also spelt Magwe) is a division located in central Myanmar between north latitude 18Â°50 and 22Â° 47 and east longitude between 93Â° 47 and 95Â° 55. It is bordered by Sagaing Division is to its north, MandalayDivision to its east, Bago Division to its south and... Ayeyarwady Division is a division of Myanmar, occupying the delta region of the Ayeyarwady or Irrawaddy River. ... Rakhine State (formerly Arakan) is a state of Myanmar. ... Chin State is a state of Myanmar.... Sagaing Division is a division of Myanmar, located in the north-western part of the country between latitude 21Â° 30 north andlongitude 94Â° 97 east. ... Yangon Division is an administrative division of Myanmar. ... Naypyidaw (also spelt Nay Pyi Taw,literally Royal City) is currently the national capital of Myanmar, located in Kyatpyae Village, Pyinmana Township of MandalayDivision. ...Regional Operations Commands (ROC) 4 x ROC (HQs at Loikaw, Bhamo, Kalay and Mongsat)

Military Operations Commands (MOC)

20 x MOC

Light Infantry Divisions (LID)

North Eastern Command10 x LID (Chay Myan Tat Ma) Image File history File links Mm-north-eastern-rmc. ... Image File history File links Mm-north-eastern-rmc. ...

o 77 LID (HQ at Pegu)o 88 LID (HQ at Magwe)o 99 LID (HQ at Meiktila)o 66 LID (HQ at Prome)o 55 LID (HQ at Aungban)o 44 LID (HQ at Thaton)o 33 LID (HQ at Sagaing)o 22 LID (HQ at Pa-an)o 11 LID (HQ at Htaukkyan)o 101 LID (HQ at Pakokku)

Other Combat Units

1 x Airborne Infantry Division (citation, confirmation needed!)2 x Armored Divisions (Each with 5 Tank Battalions and 5 Armored Infantry Battalions (IFVs/APCs).)3 x Field Artillery Divisions (with of 43 Field Artillery Battalions)2 x Anti-Aircraft Artillery/Air Defence Division (Each with 3 x Medium Range SAM Battalions, 3 x Short Range SAM Battalions, 3x AAA/AD Battalion)Image File history File links Mm-sagaing-rmc. ... Image File history File links Mm-sagaing-rmc. ... Image File history File linksMm-coastal-rmc. ... Image File history File links Mm-coastal-rmc. ... A Warrior vehicle with UN markings, on the making of theeponymous film. ... East German BRDMs on parade during celebrations of the 40th anniversary of East Germany in 1989 Armoured personnel carriers (APCs) are light armoured fighting vehicles for the transport of infantry. ... Akash Missile Firing French Air ForceCrotale battery Bendix Rim-8 Talos surface to air missile of the US Navy A surface-to-air missile (SAM) is a missile designed to belaunched from the ground to destroy aircraft. ... Akash Missile Firing French Air Force Crotale battery Bendix Rim-8 Talos surface

to air missile of the US Navy A surface-to-air missile (SAM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft....



Signal, Intelligence and Support Units

40+ Military Affair Security Companies (MAS Units replaces former Military Intelligence Units after the disbandment of theDirectorate of Defense Service Intelligence (DDSI))20+ Signal Battalions15+ Field Engineer Battalions16+ Medical Battalions

EquipmentArmor

Tanks139 x T-72S MBTs (PRC/Ukraine/Russia)[1] 280+ x Type 59D MBTs (PRC)190+ x Type 69 II MBTs (PRC)Unknown number of Type 80 MBTs (PRC)Unknown number of Type 85 MBTs (PRC)Unknown number of Type 55 MBTs (India)150+ x Type 63 Light Tanks22 x Comet Medium Tanks (UK - WWII vintage)

The T-72 is a Soviet-designed main battle tank that entered production in 1971. ... This article is about armoured fighting vehicles. ...For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... The Chinese Type 59 Main Battle Tank is a copy of the ubiquitous Russian T-55/54medium tank. ... The Chinese Type 69 and Type 79 tanks were developments of the Type 59, which in turn was a copy of the Soviet

T-54/55 series of tanks. ... The Type 96 is the latest variant of Chinas second-generation main battle tank (MBT). ... Also known asthe Type 88C, the Type 96 is the final development variant of Chinas second generation main battle tank (MBT), with certain performance approaching the standard of the third generation MBTs. ... The PT-76 is a Soviet amphibious tank which was introducedin early 1950s and soon became the standard reconnaissance tank of the Soviet Army and the other Warsaw Pact armies. ... ImageFile history File links Mm-lid-44. ... Image File history File links Mm-lid-44. ... Image File history File links Mm-western-rmc. ...Image File history File links Mm-western-rmc. ...Infantry Fighting Vehicles/Armored Personnel Carriers

1,000 x BTR-3U IFVs. To be assembled in Burma; order complete by 2010.250 x Type 85 APCs (PRC)240 x Type 90 APCs (PRC)140 x EE-9 Cascavel AFVs Unknown number of Panhard AML 90 armoured cars 80 x Universal T-16 Bren Gun Carriers (UK - WWII vintage)40 x Humber APC (UK)6 x Ferret scout car (SC) (UK)

50 x Daimler SC (UK)72 x MAV-1 local-built IFV44 x local-built armoured vehicleso BAAC-83 APCo BAAC-84 SCo BAAC-85 SCo BAAC-86 SCo BAAC-87 APCo BAAC-87 Command and Control Carrier

A Warrior vehicle with UN markings, during the making of the eponymous film. ... The EE-9 Cascavel is a 6x6 armoured car developed in the seventies by ENGESA of Brasil. ... An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is a military vehicle, protected by armour and armed with weapons. ... United Nations Panhard AML. The Panhard AML( called the AML 245 by Panhard) 60/90 is a lightarmoured car with permanent 4x4 drive which gives it exceptional mobility. ... Military armored cars A French VBL reconnaissancevehicle. ... The Universal Carrier, usually known as a Bren Gun Carrier (even when it was not carrying a Bren), was a small, tracked

British-designed military vehicle, used widely by Allied forces during World War II. Universal Carriers were usually used for transporting personnel and equipment, mostly support weapons, or as...Artillery

Self-Propelled and Towed Artillery[15] [16]

30 x NORA B52 self-propelled artillery (Serbia)16 x M-845P 155mm Howitzers (Israel)100+ x KH-179 155mm Howitzers (ROK)16 x Soltam 155mm Howitzers (Israel)Unknown number of 140mm 5.5-inch medium guns (UK WWII vintage)16 x Type 59 M-46 130mm Field Guns (North Korea)72 x D-30M 122mm Howitzers340+ x 105mm Howitzers (US M-101, Yugoslavia M-56 Howitzer, Indian 105-mm Light Guns)50 x 88mm 25-Pounder Field Guns (UK WWII vintage)

80 x 75mm Field Guns100 x M-48 B1 Mountain Guns (Yugoslavia)



Image File history File links Artillery2-flag. ... Image File history File links Artillery2-flag. ... Loading a WW1 British 15 in (381mm) howitzer A howitzer or hauwitzer is a type of field artillery. ... The Chinese Type 59 Main Battle Tank is a copy of theubiquitous Russian T-55/54 medium tank. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and theManual of Style. ... Image File history File links Mm-lid-33. ... Image File history File links Mm-lid-33. ...Multiple Rocket Launchers (MLRS)

Unknown number of Type 63 MLRS (PRC)42 x Type 90 122mm MLRS (PRC)Unknown number of BM-21 MLRS (Vietnam)30 x Type 63 107mm Towed MLRS (PRC)Unknown number of locally made BA-84 81mm

The Type 90 is the current main battle tank (MBT) of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF). ... BM-21 battery. ... Image

File history File links Mm-yangon-rmc. ... Image File history File links Mm-yangon-rmc. ...Surface-to-air missiles and anti-aircraft artillery48 x TOR M1 / SA-15 SAMs (USSR)24 x BUK-M1-2 / SA-17 SAMs (USSR)24 x Tunguska SA-19 Gun/SAMs (USSR)24 x SA-6 Gainful SAMs (USSR/PRC)24 x Pechora-2M SAMs48 x SA-2 Guideline SAMs2 x BAe Dynamics Bloodhound Mk.II SAMs (UK/Singapore - illegal transfer)400 x SA-18 Grouse MANPADS200 x CPMIEC HN5 MANPADS (PRC)100 x Igla-1E / SA-16 Gimlet MANPADSUnknown number of FIM-92 Stinger MANPADS (US/Pakistan - illegal transfer from arms shipment from US for mujahideen)200 x 14.5mm KPV heavy machine guns in quadruple AAA mounts (PRC)200 x 37mm/40mm/57mm Anti-Aircraft Guns (various models)

Akash Missile Firing French Air Force Crotale battery Bendix Rim-8 Talos surface to air missile of the US Navy A surface-to-air missile (SAM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft. ... A surface-to-air missile (SAM) is a missiledesigned to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft. ... right Artists rendition of the Tunguska Event Tunguska(Ð¢ÑƒÐ½Ð³ÑƒÑ ÐºÐ°) is a remote, largely uninhabited region in Siberia, Russia. ... A 3M9 TEL with missiles erected. ... V-750missile on camouflaged launcher. ... The 9K38 Igla (Russian 9Ðš38 Ð˜Ð³Ð»Ð°Ì â€“ needle, NATO reporting name SA-18 Grouse)is a Russian/Soviet man-portable infrared homing surface-to-air missile (SAM) system. ... An SA-7 in use Man-portable air-defencesystems (MANPADS) are shoulder-launched surface-to-air missiles. ... An SA-7 in use Man-portable air-defence systems(MANPADS) are shoulder-launched surface-to-air missiles. ... The 9K38 Igla (Russian 9Ðš38 Ð˜Ð³Ð»Ð°Ì â€“ needle, NATOreporting name SA-18 Grouse) is a Russian/Soviet man-portable infrared homing surface-to-air missile (SAM) system. ... TypeMANPADS Nationality United States Era Cold War/modern Launch platform Man portable Target aircraft History Builder RaytheonMissile Systems Date of design 1967 Production period Service duration 1981-present Operators Britain, Germany, Israel, Iran,Lithuania, The Netherlands, Pakistan, Switzerland, United States Variants Number built Approx. ... An SA-7 in use Man-portableair-defence systems (MANPADS) are shoulder-launched surface-to-air missiles. ... The KPV heavy machine gun is a Soviet designed14. ... American troops man an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943 Anti-aircraft warfare, or air defense, is any

method of engaging military aircraft in combat from the ground. ...Heavy Mortars

400+ x 120mm Mortars o Ka Pa Sa BA-97 (locally made)o Hotchkiss-Brandt MO-120-60 (France)o MA-6o Soltam K-6 (Israel)o Tampella Mk.2 (Finland)o Type 53 (PRC)o UBM-52 (Yugoslavia)8 x 120mm Soltam M-65/Tampella M-65 (Israel/Finland)

Image File history File links Mm-army-2. ... Image File history File links Mm-army-2. ... US soldier loading a M224 60-mm mortar....Support Weapons

Light and Medium Mortars N/A x 2-inch Ordnance ML (UK, Burma) N/A x 3-inch Ordnance ML (UK, Burma) N/A x 60mm Ka Pa Sa BA-100 (Burma)



N/A x 60mm Type-63 (PRC) N/A x 60mm M-19 (US) N/A x 81mm M-29 (US) N/A x 81mm Ka Pa Sa BA-90 (Burma) N/A x 82mm M-43 (Russia) N/A x 82mm Type-53 (PRC) N/A x 82mm Type-67 (PRC)

N/A x 82mm Type-76 (PRC)Image File history File links Mm-army-4. .. . Image File history File links Mm-army-4. ...Rocket Launchers and Recoilless Guns

N/A x 57mm M-18 (US) N/A x 57mm Type-36 (PRC)200 x 75mm M-20 Rocket Launchers (US) N/A x 75mm Type-52 Rocket Launchers (PRC) N/A x 75mm Type-56 Rocket Launchers (PRC) N/A x 82mm Type-65 (PRC) N/A x 82mm Type-78 (PRC)1800 x 84mm FFC Carl Gustaf M-2 (Sweden) N/A x 3.5in M-20 Rocket Launcher "Super Bazooka" (US WWII vintage/MAP) N/A x 106mm M-40A1 (US) N/A x 106mm M-40A2 (US)

Image File history File links Mm-armour2. ... Image File history File links Mm-armour2. ... Carl Gustav recoilless rifle The CarlGustav is the common name for the 84mm recoilless rifle anti-tank weapon from the Carl Gustav company in Sweden. ...Heavy Machine Guns and Cannons

N/A x 0.50cal Browning M-2HB HMG (Belgium/US) N/A x 12.7mm Type-85 HMG (PRC) N/A x 20mm Hispano Suiza Mk.5 Automatic Cannon (UK)

Image File history File links Mm-signal. . .. Image File history File links Mm-signal. ...General Purpose Machine Guns (GPMG)The typical section support weapon was the locally-manufactured 7.62mm BA64 Light Machine Gun (LMG), also known as the G4.This was essentially the G3 assault rifle fitted with heavy barrel and bipod. The G4 replaced the British 0.30in Bren LMG. Companyfire support generally consisted of German-designed 7.62mm MG3 medium machine guns (made in Myanmar's own Ka Pa Safactories) and the Belgian 7.62mm FN MAG GPMG. The FN MAG is a machine gun manufactured by Fabrique Nationale (FN),Belgium. ...

0.30in Browning M1919A4 MMG (US)

0.303in Bren LMG (UK)7.62mm Bren L4A4 LMG (UK)7.62mm Ka Pa Sa BA-64 LMG. Locally made version of Heckler & Koch G4.7.62mm Ka Pa Sa MA-3 LMG (Burma)7.62mm Ka Pa Sa MG-3 GMPG (Burma)7.62mm FN MAG GPMG (Belgium)

Image File history File links Mm-artillery3. ... Image File history File links Mm-artillery3. ... A Medium Machine Gun or MMG inmodern terms, usually refers to a belt-fed, full-power rifle caliber (such as 7. ... The M249 SAW, one of the most popular 5. ...Heckler & Koch G41 Heckler & Koch GmbH (H&K) (pronounced //) is a German weapons manufacturing company famous for various series of small firearms, notably the MP5 submachine gun, the MP7 personal defense weapon, USP series handguns, high- precision PSG1 sniper rifle, and the G3 and G36 assault rifles. ...Individual Weapons

Before 1988, the standard Myanmar infantry weapon was the 7.62mm BA63 assault rifle, a locally-produced version of the Heckler & Koch G3. Myanmar also produced a shorter, lighter carbine version of the same rifle under the designation BA72, simply known

as the G2. A third version of the G3, known as the BA1000, was more accurate and reliable, but was primarily used as a sniper'sweapon. Many soldiers still carried 0.30 calibre M1 and M2 carbines provided by the US in the 1950s under the Military AssistanceProgramme (MAP). However 7.62 mm BA series rifles are replaced by 5.56 mm Ma series rifles in 2002. As a side-arm, officersused a 9mm Browning High Power/FN-35 semi-automatic pistol. The G3 (Gewehr 3) is a family of select fire battle riflesmanufactured by Heckler & Koch. ...

Assault Rifles5.56mm MA-1 Assault Rifle. (Locally made version of the Israeli IMI Galil assault rifle.)5.56mm MA-2 Light Machine Gun - LMG (Locally made version of the Israeli IMI Galil carbine version.)5.56mm MA-3 Carbine5.56mm MA-4 (MA-1 Assult Rifle with 40 mm M203 Grenade Launcher)5.56mm MA-11 (Assault Rifle 5.56 mm version of G3 aka BA-63)5.56mm MA-12 Light Machine Gun - LMG (5.56 mm version of G4 aka BA-64)

7.62mm Ka Pa Sa BA-63 Assault Rifle. Produced under license from H&K - HK G3A2.7.62mm Ka Pa Sa BA-72 Assault Rifle. Produced under license from H&K - HK G3K.7.62mm Ka Pa Sa BA-100 Assault Rifle. Produced under license from H&K - HK G3A3ZF Sniper Version.7.62mm Ka Pa Sa BA-64 Light Machine Gun - LMG (also known as G4)0.30in Winchester M-1 Carbine (US)



0.30in Winchester M-2 Carbine (US)Image File history File links Mm-lid-11. ... Image File history File links Mm-lid-11. ... The Galil is one of the standard assault riflesused by the Israel Defense Forces. ...Submachine Guns

9mm Ka Pa Sa BA-94. Produced under license from IMI, Israel - based on the Uzi.9mm Sterling L2-A3 (UK)9mm Ka Pa Sa BA-52 "Ne Win Sten". Produced under license from TZ Italy - based on the TZ-45.

Image File history File links Mm-army6. ... Image File history File links Mm-army6. ... IMI logo Israel Military Industries Ltd. ...The Uzi (Hebrew: ) is a family of guns that started with a compact, boxy, light-weight submachine gun. ...Grenade Launchers

40mm RPG-2 Type-56 ATGL, B40 (Russia/PRC)40mm RPG-7 Type-69 ATGL (Russia/PRC)40mm M-79 (US)40mm M-203 (US)

Air Force (Tatmadaw Lei)Air Force FlagPersonnel: 15,000 all ranks Image File history File links Airforce-flag. ... Image File history File links Airforce-flag. ...The Myanmar Air Force (Tatmdaw Lei) was formed on 24 December 1947. In 1948, the order of battle for Tatmadaw Lei include 40Oxfords, 16 Tiger Moths, 4 Austers and 3 Spitfires with a few hundred personnel. The Mingaladon Air Base HQ was formed on the16 June 1950. No.1 Squadron, Equipment Holding Unit and Air HQ - Burma Air Force, and the Flying Training School, were placedunder the base. A few months later, on 18 December 1950, No. 2 Squadron was formed with nine Dakotas as transport squadron. In

1953, the Advanced Flying Unit with Vampire Mark T55s was formed under the Mingaladon Air Base and by the end of 1953,Tatmadaw Lei has 3 Airbase HQ (Mingaladon, Hmawbi and Meiktila). In late 1955, Tatmadaw Lei formed a Maintenance Air Basein Mingaladon, No. 501 Suadrop Group (Hmawbi Airbase) and No. 502 Squadron Group (Mingaladon Air Base). Five years later, No. 503 Squadron Group was formed with No. 51 Squadron (Otters and Cessnas) and No. 53 Squadron *Bell 47Gs/Huskys andAlouettes) in Meiktila. In 1962, Tatmadaw Lei opened a radar station in Mingaladon and a mobile radar station in Lwemwe (near Tachileik). In December 1964, Tatmadaw Lei had 323 officers and 5677 other ranks and it acquired T-33 Jet trainers and a new radar station, which could operate within a 120-mile radius was opened in Namsang. In 1966, new radar stations were opened and existingstations were upgraded. The Namsang Radar staton was upgraded to cover about a 200-mile radius and renamed to No.71 Squadron.In the same year Tatmadaw Lei formed No. 1 Airborne Battalion with 26 officers and 750 other ranks.[17]

In the early 1990s, Tatmadaw lei upgraded its facilities and introduced two new Air Base HQs and existing Air Base HQs wererenamed. It also significantly upgraded its radar and electronic warfare facilities.Administrative and Support Units

Air Force HQ, Ministry of DefenceMaintenance Air Base (Mingaladon)Ground Training Base (Meiktila)

Fly Training Base (Shante)Air Bases

Hmawbi Air Base HQ (former 501 Air Base)Mingaladon Air Base HQ (former 502 Air Base)Myitkyinar Air Base HQ (former 503 Air Base) Namsang Air Base HQTaungoo Air Base HQ

Equipment

Fighters/Interceptors52 x Chengdu F-7s equipped with French R550 Magic Air-to-air missiles).12 x MiG-29s (Russia) (** Additional Mig-29s ordered in 2006**)

J-7H belonging to the PLAAF Flight Test & Training Centre based at Cangzhou AFB, Hebei Province The Chengdu Jian-7 (exportversions F-7) is a Peoples Republic of China-built fighter jet derived from the Russian MiG-21. ... This article needs to be cleaned upto conform to a higher standard of quality. ... A US Navy VF-103 Jolly Rogers F-14 Tomcat fighter launchers an AIM-54 Phoenix

long-range air-to-air missile. ... The Mikoyan MiG-29 (Russian: * ) (NATO reporting name Fulcrum) is a fighter aircraft designed for the air superiority role in the Soviet Union. ...Fighters/Ground Attack

16 x Shenyang J-6s (PRC)48 x Nanchang A-5s (PRC)

An F-6 of the Pakistan Air Force The Shenyang J-6 (designated F-6 for export versions) was the Chinese-built version of the SovietMiG-19 fighter aircraft. ... A5-fantan aka Nanchang Q-5 The Nanchang Q-5 (NATO reporting name Fantan), also known as the A-5in its export versions, is a Chinese-built jet fighter bomber based on the Soviet MiG-19. ...Counterinsurgency

12 x G-4 Super Galebs (Yugoslavia)7 x Pilatus PC-9(Switzerland)14 x Pilatus PC-7(Switzerland)

The G-4 Super Galeb is a tandem-seat low-wing advanced jet trainer/light attack jet of Yugoslav/Serbian origin. ...Transport

6 x SAC Y-8D2/Antanov An-12 (PRC)2 x Fokker F-27 (Netherlands)3 x Fairchild-Hiller FH-227B (US)3 x Beechcraft D-18S (US)

Training



2 x Mig-29UB (Russia) - more on order 10 x GAIC FT-7 (PRC)4 x Shanyang FT-6 (PRC)24 x Hongdu K-8s5 x Pilatus PC-7 (Switzerland)2 x Britten-Norman Islander (Transferred by India in August 2006)

The Hongdu JL-8 (or Nanchang JL-8) is a two-seat trainer aircraft built by joint-cooperation between Pakistan and the Peoples

Republic of China. ... BN-2B Islander II operated by Ryukyu Air Commuter The Britten-Norman Islander (also known as the BN-2)is a light utility aircraft manufactured by Britten-Norman of Britain. ...Liaison Aircraft

4 x Cessna 180 (US)1 x Cessna 550 (US)5 x Pilatus PC-6A/B Turbo Porter

Helicopters 11 x Mi-17s (Russia)22 x UH-1 Iroquois (US)20 x W-3 Sokół (Poland)20 x Mi-2s (Poland)?? x HAL Dhruv (India - transferred in late 2006)6 x Bell 206 Jet Ranger (US)6 x SA-316B Alouette III (France)

The Mil Mi-8 (NATO reporting name Hip) is a large twin-turbine transport helicopter that can also act as a gunship. ... The BellHelicopter UH-1 Iroquois, commonly (or officially in the United States Marine Corps) known as the Huey, is a multipurpose militaryhelicopter, famous for its use in the Vietnam War. ... One of armed versions during Airshow 2005 in Radom The PZL W-3 SokÃ³Å‚(Polish Falcon) is a Polish medium size twin engine multipurpose helicopter manufactured by PZL Åšwidnik. ... The Mil Mi-2(NATO reporting name is Hoplite) was a small, lightly armored transport helicopter that could also provide close air support whenarmed with 57 mm rockets and a 23 mm cannon. ... The HAL Dhruv (Sanskrit:Pole Star) is a multi-role advanced helicopter made byHindustan Aeronautics Ltd. ...avy (Tatmadaw Yay) Personnel: 16,000 (including two naval infantry battalions) Image File history File links Navy-flag. ... ImageFile history File links Navy-flag. ... Before 1988, the Myanmar Navy was small and its role in the many counter-insurgencycampaigns waged by the government was much less conspicuous than those of the other two Services. Yet the navy has always been,and remains, an important factor in Myanmar's security. The Myanmar Navy was formed in 1940 and, although very small, played anactive part in Allied operations against the Japanese during the Second World War. In December 1947, the Union of Burma Navywas formed with 700 men. The fleet initially consisted of a small but diverse collection of ships transferred from the UK under thearrangements made for Burma's independence in January 1948. It included an ex-Royal Navy River class frigate and four LandingCraft Gun (Medium). Armed with two 25-pounder (88mm) guns and two 2-pounder (44mm) guns, these landing craft were used as

support gunboats.[18] In 1950 and 1951, the US provided 10 coast guard cutters (CGC) under the Mutual Defence Assistance Program(MDAP). The Myanmar Navy played an important part in the government's fight against the ethnic and ideological insurgent groupswhich threatened the Union Government in it's early days. The Myanmar Navy performed both defensive and offensive roles, protecting convoys, carrying supplies, ferrying troops and giving much-needed fire support. Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (thelink is to a full 1947 calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...A naval infantry battalion (of 800 men) was formed in 1964, followed by a second battalion in 1967. They were deployed mainly tothe Arakan and Tenasserim areas, and to the Irrawaddy delta, to assist in counter-insurgency operations, but also performed other security duties.

Administrative and Support Units Naval HQ, Ministry of DefenceStrategic Naval Command (HQ in Rangoon) Naval Training Command (Seikkyi)

Naval Shipyard Headquarters (Yangon)Central Naval Hydrographic Depot (Yangon)Central Naval Diving and Salvage Depot (Yangon)Central Naval Engineering Depot (Yangon)Central Naval Stores Depot (Yangon)Central Naval Communications Depot (Yangon)Central Naval Armaments Deport (Seikkyi)

Yangôn, formerly Rangoon, population 4,504,000 (2001), is the capital of Myanmar. ... Yangon (Burmese: , population 4,082,000(2005 census), formerly Rangoon, and still known by that name in many circles, see below under History), is the largest city of Myanmar (formerly Burma) and its former capital. ...aval Regional Commands and Bases

Irrawaddy Regional Command (HQ in Yangon)o Thanhklyet Soon Naval Baseo Bassein Naval Baseo

Coco Island Base (Naval Radar Unit)Danyawaddy Regional Command (HQ in Sittwe)o Kyaukpyu Naval Baseo Sandoway Naval BasePanmawaddy Regional Command (HQ on Hainggyi Island)



Mawyawaddy Regional Command (HQ in Moulmein)Tanintharyi Regional Command (HQ in Mergui)o Zadetkyi Island Naval Baseo Mali (Tavoy) Naval Baseo Palai Island Naval Baseo Kadan Naval Baseo Sakanthit Naval Baseo Lambi Naval Baseo Pearl Island Naval Baseo Zadetkale Naval Base (Radar Unit)

Ships

Class umber of ships Pennant number or name

Frigate 1 F 108

Corvette 3 771, 772, 773

FAC Missile 6 (Houxin class) 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476

FAC Missile 4 (Myanmar class) 557, 558, 559, 560

FAC Gun 6 (Myanmar class) 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556

FAC anti submarine 10 (Hainan class) 441-450

OPV 3 (Osprey class) Indaw, Inya, Inma

FPB 21(different types) -1 x 108 metre frigate (equipped with 1 x 76 mm Oto Melara Super Rapid, 4 x 30 mm AK 230, 4x C 802, RBUs and HQ 7)3 x 77 metre corvette (771, 772, 773(equipped with 1 x 76 mm Oto Melara Super Rapid, 2 x 30 mm AK 230, 4x C 802)6 x Houxin Yan 037 1 G Class FAC (471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476) (equipped with 4 x C 802 SSM, 2 x 37 mm twin, 2 x 14.5mm twin)2 x 45 metre Myanmar Class FAC (551, 552) (equipped with 1 x 57 mm twin, 2 x 25 mm twin, 2 x 14.5 mm twin)4 x 45 metre Myanmar Class FAC (553, 554, 555, 556) (equipped with 1 x 37 mm twin, 2 x 25 mm twin, 2 x 14.5 mm twin)4 x 45 metre Myanmar Class FAC (557, 558, 559, 560) (equipped with 4 x C 802 SSM, 2 x 30 mm twin, 2 x 14.5 mm twin)10 x submarine chaser Hainan (441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450) (equipped with 2 x 57 mm twin, 2 x 25 mmtwin, 2 x 14.5 mm twin, RBUs)

Regional Military Commands (RMC)For better command and communication, the Tatmadaw formed regional military commands structure in 1958. Until 1961, therewere only two regional commands, they were supported by 13 Infantry brigades and an infantry division. In October of 1961, newregional military commands were opened and leaving only two brigades. In June of 1963, the Naypyidaw Command was temporarily

formed in Yangon with the deputy commander and some staff officers drawn from Central Command. It was reorganised andrenamed as Yangon Command on 1 June 1965.

Current Regional Military Commands and their respective commanders are as follow:

o. ame Post CommandSerial

o.School/Intake

01Brig-GenWai Lwin

Commander of Naypyidaw Command NaypyidawCommand

NA DSA 20

02Brig-GenHla HtayWin

Chairman of Rangoon Division Peace and Development CouncilCommander of Rangoon Command Naypyidaw (also spelt Nay Pyi Taw,literally Royal City) is currently the national capital of Myanmar, located inKyatpyae Village, Pyinmana Township of Mandalay Division. ... YangonDivision is an administrative division of Myanmar. ...

RangoonCommand

NA NA

03 Maj-GenKhin Zaw

Chairman of Mandalay Division Peace and Development CouncilCommander of Central Command Mandalay Division is an administrativedivision of Myanmar. ...

CentralCommand

BC13242

DSA

04Brig-GenMin AungHlaing

Chairman of Shan State (East) Peace and Development CouncilCommander of Triangle Region Command Shan State is a state located inMyanmar (Burma), which takes its name from the Shan people, themajority ethnic group in the Shan State. ...

TriangleRegionCommand

NA DSA

05Brig-GenKhin ZawOo

Chairman of Tenasserim (Taninthayi Division Peace and DevelopmentCouncilCommander of Coastal Region Command Tanintharyi Division, better known by the old name Tenasserim, is a division of Myanmar, covering thelong narrow southern part of the country on the Kra Isthmus. ...

CoastalRegionCommand

NA OTS

06Brig-GenThaung Aye

Chairman of Shan State Peace and Development CouncilCommander of Eastern Command

EasternCommand

NA DSA 20

07Brig-GenMaungShein

Chairman of Arakan (Rakhine) State Peace and Development CouncilCommander of Western Command Rakhine State (formerly Arakan) is astate of Myanmar. ...

WesternCommand

NA DSA 20



08Maj-GenOhn Myint

Chairman of Kachin State Peace and Development CouncilCommander of Northern Command Kachin State (Jingphaw Mungdan), isthe northernmost state of Myanmar. ...

NorthernCommand

BC11031

NA

09Brig-GenAung ThanHtut

Chairman of Shan State (North) Peace and Development CouncilCommander of Northeast Command

NortheastCommand

NA DSA 20

10Maj-GenTha Aye

Chairman of Sagaing Division Peace and Development CouncilCommander of Northwest Command Sagaing Division is a division of Myanmar, located in the north-western part of the country between latitude21Â° 30 north and longitude 94Â° 97 east. ...

NorthwestCommand

BC13140

DSA 16

11Maj-GenKo Ko

Chairman of Pegu Division Peace and Development CouncilCommander of Southern Command Bago Division is an administrativedivision of Myanmar, located in the southern portion of the country. ...

SouthernCommand

BC14235

NA

12Brig-GenThet NaingWin

Chairman of Mon State Peace and Development CouncilCommander of Southeast Command Mon States seal is a hintha (mythicalduck), which is the symbol of the Mon people. ...

SoutheastCommand

NA OTS

13Maj-GenThuraMyint Aung

Chairman of Irrawaddy Division Peace and Development CouncilCommander of Southwest Command

SouthwestCommand

BC13970

DSA 18

The Ayeyarwady River (Burmese: ; formerly known as the Irrawaddy River) flows through the centre of Myanmar (formerlyBurma). ...Light Infantry Divisions (LID) Light Infantry Divisions (LID) were first introduced to the Myanmar Army in 1966 as rapid reactionmobile forces for strike operations. 77th Light Infantry Division was formed on 6 June 1966, followed by 88th Light InfantryDivision and 99th Light Infantry Division in the two following years. 77th LID was largely responsible for the defeat of theCommunist forces of the CPB (Communist Party of Burma) based in the forested hills of the central Pegu Yoma in the mid 1970s.Three more LIDs were raised in the latter half of 1970s (the 66th, 55th and 44th) with their headquarters at Prome, Aungban andThaton. They were followed by another two LIDs in the period prior to the 1988 military coup (the 33rd LID with HQ at Sagaing andthe 22nd LID with HQ at Pa-an). 11th LID was formed in December 1988 with HQ at Htaukkyan and 101st LID was formed in 1991with it's HQ at Pakkoku. Image File history File links Mm-lid-55. ... Image File history File links Mm-lid-55. ... June 6 is the 157thday of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining // 1508 - Maximilian I, Holy RomanEmperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year truce and cede several territories to Venice 1513...1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... Each LID consisted of 10 lightinfantry battalions specially trained in counter-insurgency and jungle warfare, for "search and destroy" operations against ethnicinsurgents and narcotics-based armies. These battlions are organised under three Tactical Operations Commands (TOC; Sit Byu Har)

and commanded by Brigadier_General (Du Bo Mhu Choke) or Colonel (Bo Mhu Gyi) level officers. Each TOC was made up of three or more combat battalions, with command and support elements similar to that of brigades in Western armies. One battalionwas held in reserve. As of 2000, all LID have their organic Field Artillery units. For example, 314th Field Artillery Battery is nowattached to 44th LID. Some of the LID battalions has been given Parachute and Air Borne Operations training and two of the LIDshave been converted to mechanised infantry formation with divisional artillery, armoured reconnaissance and tank battalions [19] ABrigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking justabove Colonel and just below Major General. ... Colonel (IPA: or ) is a military rank of a commissioned officer, with thecorresponding ranks existing in nearly every country in the world. ... Brigade is a term from military science which refers to a groupof several battalions (typically two to four), and directly attached supporting units (normally including at least an artillery battery andadditional logistic support). ... LIDs are considered to be a strategic asset of the Myanmar Army and after the 1990 reorganisationand restructuring of the Tatmadaw command structure, they are now directly answerable to Chief of Staff (Army).

LID Year formed Place formed First Commander Commander as of 1998

11th LID 1988 Indine Col. Win Myint Col. Myint Swe

22nd LID 1987 Pa-An Col. Tin Hla Col. Kyaw Thu

33rd LID 1984 Sagaing Col. Kyaw Ba Col. Win Myint

44th LID 1979 Thaton Col. Myat Thin Col. Ne Win

55th LID 1980 Sagaing/Kalaw Col. Phone Myint Col. Sein Lin

66th LID 1976 Pyay Col. Taung Zar Khaing Col. Aung Min

77th LID 1966 Hmawbi/Bago Col. Tint Swe Col. Thein Soe

88th LID 1967 Magway Col. Than Tin Brig. Aye Kyae

99th LID 1968 Meikhtila Col. Kyaw Htin Col. Htay Oo

101st LID 1991 Pakkoku Col. Saw Tun Brig. Aung Thein Lay

Image File history File links Mm-lid-22. ... Image File history File links Mm-lid-22. ... Image File history File links Mm-lid-99. ...Image File history File links Mm-lid-99. ...References

AcronymsDSA-Defence Services AcademyOTS-Officers' Training School

1. ^



2. ^ Starck, Peter (2005-06-07). World Military Spending Topped $1 Trillion in 2004. Reuters. Common Dreams NewsCenter.Retrieved on 2006-07-19.

3. ^ Andrew Selth: Transforming the Tatmadaw4. ^ Maung Aung Myoe: Building Tatmadaw, p.265. ^ See order of battle for further details6. ^ see Order of Battle for further details7. ^ Working Papers - Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, ANU

8. ^ Andrew Selth: Power Without Glory9. ^ Far Eastern Economic Review, 20 May 198110. ^ Far Eastern Economic Review, 7 July 198311. ^ Bertil Litner, Lord of Jade12. ^ AisaWeek 21 Feb. 199213. ^ The Defence of Thailand (Thai Government issue), p.15, April, 199514. ^ WP 342. Australian National University15. ^ 16. ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/7598_1812584,000500020010.htm17. ^ DSHMRI Documents18. ^ p.28, Janes Fighting Ships 1963-6419. ^ Selth: Power without Glory2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 19 is the 200th day (201st in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 165 days remaining. ...

See also

Current events/Southeast Asia Portal

Aung San Burma National Army Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army Kachin Independent Army Shwe Mann Smith Dun United Wa State Army

Image File history File links Portal. ... Aung San General Aung San (Burmese: ; MLCTS: ); February 13, 1915 â€“ July 19, 1947)was a Burmese revolutionary, nationalist, general, and politician. ... The Burma National Army served as the armed forces of theBurmese government created by the Japanese during World War II and fought in the Burma Campaign. ... General Thura ShweMann Thura Shwe Mann (born 1947) is Joint Chief of Staff of the Burmese Armed Forces, and third-highest ranking member of the

State Peace and Development Council, after Than Shwe and Maung Aye. ... General Smith Dun was the Chief of Army Staff atBurma and was noted for having won the first Sword of Honour. ... United Wa State Army is the army of tens of thousand soldiers of nearly Wa State in Myanmar. ...External links

Burma Library ArchivesBurma Campaign UK Irrawaddy Research Page

Categories: Cleanup from January 2007 | All pages needing cleanup | All pages needing to be wikified | Wikify from January 2007 |Military of Myanmar



My

A

707th Artillery

99th

Triangle Regio

Northern Com

anmar Army flag - Bureau of Special Operations

rmour Division - Armour Division - 101st LID

Operation Command – 808th Artillery Operation Comman

LID - 44th LID - 55th LID - 22nd LID - 11th LID

Command - Central Command - Coastal Region Comman

and - North Eastern Region Command - Eastern Comman

d

d



North Western R gion Command - Yangon Regional Command – Engineer F

lag



Myanmar Army

DUTIYA DATKYAT Private 1st Class DATKYAT Corporal DATKYATGYI Staff Sergeant

OKKWE DATKYATGYI Sergeant 1stClass DUTIYA AYAKANBO Master Sergeant AYAKANBO Sergeant Major

DU BO Second Lieutenant BO Lieutenant BO GYI Captain

Bo Hmu Major Du Bo Hmu Gyi Lieutenant Colonel Bo Hmu Gyi Colonel

Bo Hmu Gyoke Brigadier General Bo Gyoke Major General Du Bo Gyoke Kyee Lieutenant General

Du Bo Gyoke Hmu Gyi Vice Senior General Bo Gyoke Hmu Gyi Senior General



Mya

aval Staff

19,000

Headquarters

Naval headquarters ( Naypyidaw)

Strategic Naval Command (Yangon)

Naval Training Command (Seikkyi)

Irrawaddy Regional Command (Yangon)

Danyawaddy Regional Command (Sittwe)

Panmawaddy Regional Command (Hainggyi

Mawyawaddy Regional Command (Mawla

Tanintharyi Regional Command (Mergui)

The Myanmar avy is the naval branch

currently operates more than 122 vessels.operations was much less conspicuous thanfactor in Myanmar's security and it was dradefence role in Myanmar's territorial waters.HistoryFounding and WWII The Myanmar Nav part in Allied operations against the JapanesBurma Independence In December 1947,small but diverse collection of ships transf January 1948. It included UBS Mayu, ex-R pounder (88 mm) guns and two 2-pounder (1950's In 1950 and 1951, the United State(MDAP). The Myanmar Navy played an imwhich threatened the Union Government protecting convoys, carrying supplies, ferry

city of Moulmein, which was captured by patrol boat defected to the Karen insurgentsunopposed and managed to maintain controlIn 1956 and 1957, Myanmar government acgunboats,[3] followed by an 1,040-long-ton1950s and early 1960s, United States soldthe mid 1960s, Myanmar Navy took deliv(660 t) Admirable class minesweeper , both Navy with six small river patrol crafts.[7] Infollowed by 25 smaller Michao class patrol1960's Efforts were made to produce loccommissioned two 400-long-ton (410 t) aAnti-Aircraft gun[8]. Myanmar shipyards alscrafts and auxiliary ships are usually arme

guns.[9]

1970's Although Myanmar Navy has expanor deterioration of older vassels in 1970sMyanmar Navy acquired six Carpentaria

mar avy (Tatmadaw Yay)

Myanmar Navy Badge - Flag


Island)

yaing)

of the armed forces of Myanmar with 19,000 men and

efore 1988, the Myanmar Navy was small and its role ithose of the army and air force. Yet the navy has always bematically expanded in recent years to a provide blue water

was formed as the Navy of Burma in 1940 and, althouge during the Second World War .the Union of Burma Navy was formed with 700 men. Therred from the Royal Navy under the arrangements madeyal Navy River class frigate and four Landing Craft Gun (4 mm) guns, these landing craft were used as support gunb

provided 10 coast guard cutters (CGC) under the Mutual portant part in the government's fight against the ethnic ann its early days. The Myanmar Navy performed both d

ing troops and giving much-needed fire support. It was ins

aren insurgents in 1948, and the Irrawaddy delta town of , throughout the turbulent years of post independence in Mover Myanmar's crucial inland waterways. [2] quired five 50-long-ton (51 t) Saunders-Roe Dark class co(1,060 t) Algerine class minesweeper in 1958 from the Uyanmar Navy six PGM type coastal patrol crafts and seve

ery of ex-US Navy 640-long-ton (650 t) PCE-827 class[6]

f which were commissioned in the mid 1940s. In 1978, Un1958, Myanmar Navy took delivery of 10 Y-301 class riv

crafts.ally made Naval vessels with assistance from Yugoslav

arat Class corvettes. Their armaments include 25-poundeo built the navy a number of smaller patrol crafts and a numd with Oerlikon 20 mm cannons, 40mm Bofors Anti-Airc

ed rapidly during 1950s and 1960s, however, the navy wasntil naval replacement program was initiated by BSPP G

class inshore patrol boats from Australia followed by thr

omen. The Myanmar Navy

the many counterinsurgency en, and remains, an importantcapability and external threat

very small, played an active

e fleet initially consisted of afor Burma's independence inedium). Armed with two 25-

oats.[1] Defence Assistance Program ideological insurgent groups

efensive and offensive roles,rumental in relieving the port

Bassein. Although one armedyanmar, the navy was largely

vertible motor torpedo/motor nited Kingdom.[4] In the late

CGC type patrol boats[5]. Incorvette and a 650-long-ton

ted States provided Myanmar er gunboats from Yugoslavia,

a. In 1960, Myanmar Navyfield gun and 40 mm Bofors

ber of landing crafts. Landingaft guns and Heavy machine

unable to keep pace with lossovernment in 1979. In 1980,e 128-ton Swift type coastal



patrol boats from Singapore and three 385-ton Ospery class offshore patrol vessels built in Denmark. The Ospery and Swift class boats have a range of 4,500 and 1,800 miles (7,200 and 2,900 km) respectively and were armed with Oerlikon 20 mm cannons and40mm Bofors Anti-Aircraft guns. In the early years of 1980s, Myanmar shipyards built three 128-ton PGM type patrol boats basedupon US PGM Class patrol boats. Each were armed with two 40mm Bofors Anti-Aircraft guns and two 12.7 mm Heavy machineguns.1990's Myanmar Navy bought 6 Missile Escort Boats & 10 Submarine Chaser from CHINA. After 1998 Myanmar Navy built 77mCorvette (771,772,773) and FAC (551-564).

May 2008 Cyclone argis As many as 25 Burmese naval ships may have been sunk in the storm caused by Cyclone Nargis in May2008 while an unknown number of naval personnel and their family members were killed or are listed as missing [10]. The Network for Democracy and Development [1], in Thailand, reported that 30 officers and 250 Burmese naval personnel have being declaredmissing, while 25 vessels were destroyed by the cyclone in three naval regional command centers: Panmawaddy Regional Commandon Hainggyi Island; Irrawaddy Regional Command; and Danyawaddy Regional Command in Sittwe in Arakan State.Role The primary task of Myanmar Navy was patrolling the country's rivers and inshore waters in support of the army'scounterinsurgency operations. One third of the fleet was dedicated for this operation under "Strategic Naval Force" (Sit Byu Ha YayYin Su) at any time. The navy was used for reconnaissance, provide fire support and help maintain static defence around strategictowns. Myanmar Navy also help supplement the army's logistics supply system during counterinsurgency campaigns. The secondarytask was coastal surveillance and fisheries protection for 148,000 kilometre maritime zone against fish poaching, smuggling,insurgent movements and pirate activities. Long-range patrols were conducted by the navy's larger warships although operationsfurther afield were rare. The navy's flagship, UBS Mayu made several longer voyages including a number diplomatic visits toregional countries before it was decommissioned. Myanmar navy does not operate a separate fleet air arm. If needed navy drewresources from Myanmar Air Force for maritime surveillance and other forms of fleet air support.

Former and Current Commander-in-Chiefs since Independence• 1. Commander Khin Maung Bo• 2. Commodore Than Pe• 3. Commodore Thaung Tin• 4. Rear-Adm. Chit Hlaing• 5. Rear-Adm. Maung Maung win• 6. Vice-Adm. Maung Maung Khin• 7. Vice-Adm. Thein Nyunt• 8. Vice-Adm. Tin Aye• 9. Vice-Adm. Nyunt Thein• 10. Vice-Adm. Kyi Min• 11. Vice-Adm. Soe Thein• 12. Vice-Adm. Nyan Tun

Commanders of aval Region Command

aval Region Command Commanding Officer

Irrawaddy Naval Region Command Captain Htun Lwin Oo

Danyawaddy Regional Command Comodore Aung Zaw Win

Panmawaddy Regional Command Comodore Myo Myint Than

Mawyawaddy Regional Command Comodore Maung Oo Lwin

Tanintharyi Regional Command Comodore THURA Thet Swe

No(1) Naval Training School CDR Moe Aung

Naval Dorckyard Headquarters Rear-Adm Han Sein

No(1)Fleet (Yangon) Captain Mya Win No(2)Fleet (Heinzae)

No(3)Fleet ( Kyut Phyu) Captain Zaw Oo

Organization

Administrative and Support Units

• Naval headquarters, Ministry of Defence ( Naypyidaw)• Strategic Naval Command (headquarters in Yangon)• Naval Training Command (Seikkyi)• Naval Shipyard Headquarters (Yangon)• Central Naval Hydrographic Depot (Yangon)• Central Naval Diving and Salvage Depot (Yangon)• Central Naval Engineering Depot (botataung,Yangon)

• Central Naval Stores Depot (Yangon)• Central Naval Communications Depot (Yangon)• Central Naval Armaments Deport (Seikekyi)

aval Regional Commands and Bases



• Irrawaddy Regional Command (ho Thanhklyet Soon Navalo Bassein Naval Baseo Coco Island Base (Nava

• Danyawaddy Regional Commando Kyaukpyu Naval Baseo Thandwe (Sandoway) N

• Panmawaddy Regional Command• Mawyawaddy Regional Comman• Tanintharyi Regional Command (

o Zadetkyi Island Naval Bo Mali (Tavoy) Naval Baso Palai Island Naval Baseo Kadan Naval Baseo Sakanthit Naval Baseo Lambi Naval Baseo Pearl Island Naval Baseo Zadetkale Naval Base (

aval Infantry The Myanmar Navy raised3rd and 4th battalions may have also beeIrrawaddy delta, to assist in counter-insurgeShips

Main article: List of equipment in Union of

Vessel Type Q

Frigate 1

Corvettes 4

Fast Attack Craft (Gun) 1

Fast Attack Craft (Missile) 9

Fast Attack Craft (Yan 037_Sub-Chaser) 1

Missile Escort Boats (037 -1G) 6

Inshore Patrol Boats 1

River Patrol Craft 3

Gunboats 21

Survey Ships 2

Support Ships 1

Transport/Landing Ships 1

References

1. ^ p.28, Janes Fighting Ships 19632. ^ Hugh Tinker, Union of Burma,3. ^ British Military Powerboat Trus4. ^ Jane's Fighting Ships 1963-1965. ^ Jane's Fighting Ships 1982-83 p

6. ^ http://www.navsource.org/archi7. ^ Jane's Fighting Ships 1997-19988. ^ Janes Fighting Ships 1997-98 p.9. ^ Janes Fighting Ships 1997-98 p.10. ^ http://www.irrawaddy.org/articl

See also

Current events/Southeast Asia port

• UBS Mayu • Aung San • Myanmar Army • Myanmar Navy• Myanmar Air Force • Military Intelligence of Myanmar • Myanmar Police Force

adquarters in Yangon)Base

l Radar Unit)(headquarters in Sittwe)

aval Base(headquarters on Hainggyi Island)(headquarters in Moulmein)eadquarters in Mergui)asee

adar Unit)a naval infantry battalion of 800 men in 1964, followed br aised. They were deployed mainly to the Arakan and

cy operations, but also performed other security duties.

yanmar avy

uantity

-64.325

t p.28

.60

es/12/120282701.jpg p.797982e.php?art_id=11980

l

y a second battalion in 1967,Tenasserim areas, and to the



List of eq

The following is the list of equipment in the

Frigate

Class or

nameBuilder Ty

Aung Zay Ya Naval Dockyard(Myanmar)

Fri

Corvette

Class or name Builder

Yan Gyi Aung(Admirable class)

Willamette Iron & SteePortland, Oregon,

Nowrat Class Naval Dockyard (Mya

Fast Attack Craft

Class or

nameBuilder

Houxin class

Qiuxin Shipyards, Shanghai,

People's RepublicChina

5-Seriesclass

Naval Dorckyard (myanm

5-Seriesclass


5-Seriesclass


Hainan/YanSit Aungclass

Dalian, Qiuxin and HuangShipyard,

People's RepublicChina

uipment in the Myanmar


Union of Myanmar Navy.

e Quantity

Year

Entered

Service

Serial Armament

gate 1 2008,May F11

1 × Oto Melara 74 × 304× C-802 SRBU

Type QuantityYear Entered

ServiceSer

l,United States

patrolcorvette

1 1947/1960sYan

Aun

mar) Corvette 3 1996-2007771772

4

Type Quantity

Year

Entered

Service

Serial

of FAC Missile 6 1996-1997

471 - Maga, 472

Saittra, 473 - Duw474 - Zeyda, 47476

ar)FAC 4 2008 561,562, 563, 564

ar) FAC Missile

5 2004556,557, 558, 55560

ar)FAC Gun 5 2002

551, 552, 553, 55555

pu

of

FAC Submarinechaser

10 1991-1993

441-450 - 441, YSit Aung was su by cyclo Nargis[1], Yan MyAung, Yan NyeAung, Yan KhwiAung, Yan MAung, YanAung, Yan Pa

Aung, Yan WAung, Yan AAung, Yan ZAung

vy

6 mm Super Rapid Canon mm AK 230

urface-to-Surface Missile

al Armament

Gyi g

1 76.2mm SP, 240mm, 2 dual 20mm

,, 773

2 × Oto Melara 76 mmSuper Rapid Canons 2 × 30 mm AK 230 4× C-802 Surface-to-Surface Missile

Armament

-

a,5,

4 × C-802 Surface-to-Surface Missile

2 × 30 mm AK 230 2 × Type 69 14.5 mm twinAnti-Aircraft Guns

2 × 30 mm AK 230 2 × Type 69 14.5 mm twinAnti-Aircraft Guns

9,

4 × C-802 Surface-to-Surface Missile 2 × 30 mm AK 230 2 × Type 69 14.5 mm twinAnti-Aircraft Guns

4,

1 × 37 mm AA gun 2 × Type 87 - 25 mm twinguns 2 × Type 69 14.5 mm twinAnti-Aircraft Guns

nk e

atnnneg

nee

2 × Type 66 - 57mm twinguns2 × Type 87 - 25 mm twinguns 2 × Type 69 14.5 mm twinAnti-Aircraft Guns

RBU



Mine Hunter


In Daw/OspreyClass-50 Danyard A/S, Frederiks

Patrol Boats


Carpentaria class Australia

P-90 Yugoslavia

PGM 43 classMarinette Marine, WI; lPeterson Builders, Sturg

United States

412 class Burma Naval Dockyard,

421 class/Swiftclass

Swiftships, Morgan City,r, Singapore

Y311 class -modified Y301

Similak, Burma

Y301 class Uljanik SY, Pola, Yugos

Survey and Logistics Ships


Thu Tay ThiTito SY, Belgrade, Y

802 classMiho Zosen, Shimiz

Japan

608 classWatenabe Zosen K.K

Japan

609 classShimoda Dockyard,

Japan

Pyi Daw Aye (1) Germany

Pyi Daw Aye (2) Japan

AyidawayaA/S Nordsovaerftet,

, Norway

Yan Long Aung, wassunk by cyclone Nargis[1]

Japan Japan

References1. ^ a b Burmese Navy Decimated in


Service

avn, Denmark LargePatrolBoat

3 1980-1982


ServiceSer

patrol boats

6 1978-1980 ?

small patrol boats

3 1990 ?

st two byon Bay, WI,

small patrol boats

6 1959-1961 401

Rangoon

small

patrol boats

5 1983-1984 412

LA / Vospesmall patrol boats

21979/1980-1982

422

river patrol boats

2 1967Y31Y31

lavia river patrol boats

10 1957-1960Y30Y31

Type QuantityYearEntered

Service

Se

ugoslavia survey ship 1 1965

80Ta

, Japan coastalsurvey ship

1 1969/1994 80

., Hakata, Japan coastaltanker

1 1969/1991 60

himoda, Japan coastaltanker

1 1975/1986 60

coastallogisticsship

1 1975 60

coastallogisticsship

1 2002 60

ingkobing coastallogisticsship

1 1975/1991 A

dive tender 1 1967YaA

Cyclone

Serial Armament

Indaw,Inya, Inma

1 40 mm, 220 mm

al Armament

?

?

-4061 40 mm, 2 dual20 mm, 2 12.7 mm MG

-416 2 40 mm, 2 12.7 mmmachine gun

-4232 40 mm, 2 20 mm, 212.7 mm machine gun

1-2

2 40 mm, 2 20 mm

1-0

2 40 mm

ial Armament

1 - Thuy Thi

2 40 mm, 220 mm

2 20 mm

None

None

1 None

None

idawaya None

n Longng

1 40 mm, 212.7 mm machinegun



Type 037-IG class missile boat


A total of 16 Type 037-1G class missile boat (also known as Houxin class) were first built by Qiuxing and Huangpu Shipyard from

1991 through 1999. This class appears to be the successor of Hegu class missile boat for the People's Liberation Army Navy. Inaddition to the People's Liberation Army Navy, 6 were exported to Myanmar : 2 in 1995, 2 in July 1962, and 2 in late 1997. This boatis the anti-ship version of the Hainan class submarine chaser armed with missiles. It is most effectively used in conjunction withmultiple missile boats to send a swarm of missiles towards its intended target and then egress from the area immediately. The swarmof anti-ship missiles will hopefully slip past the target's air defenses for at least one or possibly more hits.

• Displacement: 478 ton• Length: 62.8 m• Beam: 7.2 m• Draft: 2.4 m• Speed: 28 kt• Range: 750 nm @ 18 kt• Propulsion: 2 Chinese PR 230ZC diesel engines @ 4,000 hp with 4 shafts• Complement: 71•

Armament:o Anti-ship missiles: 4 C-801/802/803 o Guns: 4 Type 76A 37 mm gun (II x 2) and 4 Type 69 14.5 mm heavy machine guns (II x 2)

• Radars:o Surface search radar: 1 I-band Type 352 (Square Tie)o Navigational radar: 1 I-band Type 723o Fire control radar: 1 I-band Type 347 (Rice Lamp)

Burmese avy Decimated in Cyclone By MIN LWIN Monday, May 12, 2008

As many as 25 Burmese naval ships may have been sunk in the storm caused by Cyclone Nargis last week while an unknown number of naval personnel and their family members were killed or are listed as missing, said a source from the Burmese navy. Speaking toThe Irrawaddy by telephone on Monday, a corporal from Irrawaddy Regional Command in Rangoon said the tropical cyclone sank five Burmese naval vessels in Thilawa Naval Shipyard on May 4: the Japanese-built dive tender Yan Long Aung with a crew of approximately 70; the river patrol boat Y312; coastal survey ship 802; and submarine chaser Yan Sit Aung ; and a smaller undisclosedvessel. The shipyard itself was extensively damaged by the category 3 storm. The corporal also said that every crew member of theYan Long Aung died when the ship sank with the exception of the commanding officer, who survived. “The commanding officer isnow under investigation,” he added. According to Burmese naval sources, Cyclone Nargis hit Panmawaddy Regional Command onHainggyi Island on May 3. Barracks and family housing at the naval base were totally destroyed. An unconfirmed number of personnel and their families are listed as missing. Meanwhile, a Thailand-based Burmese organization, Network for Democracy andDevelopment, reported that an estimated total of 30 officers and 250 Burmese naval personnel have being declared missing, while 25naval ships were destroyed by the cyclone in three naval regional command centers: Panmawaddy Regional Command on HainggyiIsland; Irrawaddy Regional Command; and Danyawaddy Regional Command in Sittwe in Arakan State. The modern Burmese navy

was founded in 1940 and played a key role in the central government's fight against ethnic insurgent groups and the BurmeseCommunist Party in delta areas during the 1950s and 60s. The Burmese navy is responsible for patrolling the country's rivers andinshore waters and provides coastal surveillance and protection throughout the 148,000-square-kilometer maritime zone against fish poaching, smuggling, insurgent movements and acts of piracy



Myanmar avy


OKKWE DATKYATGYI Staff Sergeant DUTIYA AYAKANBO Master Sergeant AYAKANBO Sergeant Major

Du Bo Second Lieutenant Bo Lieutenant Bo Gyi Captain






Myan

The Myanmar Air Force flag, featuring the Aifeatures the

Founded January

Commander-in-Chief (Air)

Lieutena

Roundel

Fighter Chengd

Helicopter Mi-17

Interceptor Mikoya

Reconnaissance Airguar

Trainer PC-7

Transport Y-8D

The Myanmar Air Force (also known acomponent of the Myanmar Armed ForcesCyclone Nargis of May 2008, in relief missiHistory The Myanmar Air Force was formrule. By 1948, the new air force fleet inclSpitfires with a few hundred personnel. Th No.1 Squadron, Equipment Holding Unit aunder the jurisdiction of the base. A few mtransport squadron. In 1953, the AdvancedAir Base and by the end of 1953, The BuMyanmar. In late 1955, the Burmese Air FAirbase) and No. 502 Squadron Group (MiSquadron (de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Ott1962, a new radar station in MingaladonDecember 1964, the Air Force had 323 offi

station, which could operate within a 120-complete overhaul and upgrade, with new r 200-mile radius and renamed to No.71 Squ26 officers and 750 other ranks.[1] In 1975 1 porter STOL utility aircraft, 17 pilatus PC-74 Super Galeb armed jet trainers from YugoModernization Programme In the early 1headquarters and existing Air Base headqfacilities. Between 1991 and 1997 22 PZL-refurbish and upgrade all the surviving 36 FIII and even Litening laser-designator pods.a related deal, Israel delivered to Myanmar mentioned) weapons are known. Since the E7 and FT-7 aircraft from China, but these

Force remained questionable during Battle oAir Force Commanders

Commander-in-Chief (AIR) in chronologica• 1. Lt-Col. Saw Shwe Sho

ar Air Force (Tatmadaw Lei

r Force roundel. It is one of the few roundels in the world not baseolden Triangle, a reference to Myanmar's geographical location.


16, 1947

nt General Myat Hein

F-7 Airguard

MiG-29

FT-7M

s the Burmese Air Force), officially Tatmadaw Lei, info, the Tatmadaw. It is involved in counter-insurgency caons into the Ayeyarwady River delta.ed on January 16, 1947, while Myanmar (also known as Bded 40 Airspeed Oxfords, 16 de Havilland Tiger Moths,e Mingaladon Air Base, the chief air base in the country,d Air High Command - Burma Air Force, and the Flyingonths later, on 18 December 1950, No. 2 Squadron was f Flying Unit with De Havilland Vampire Mark T55s wasmese Air Force had 3 main airbases, at Mingaladon, Hmrce formed a Maintenance Air Base in Mingaladon, No. 5

ngaladon Air Base). Five years later, No. 503 Squadron Gers and Cessnas) and No. 53 Squadron (Bell 47Gs/Huskysand a mobile radar station in Lwemwe (near Tachileik)ers and 5677 other ranks and it acquired T-33 Shooting St

ile radius, was opened in Namsang. In 1966, the radar ar adar stations being operated. The Namsang Radar stationdron. In the same year The Myanma Air Force formed the2 SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 basic trainers were purchased froand 4 PC-9 turboprop trainers were aquired from Switzerl

slavia in 1990.990s, the Myanma Air Force upgraded its facilities and iuarters were renamed. It also significantly upgraded itswidnik Mil mi-2 and 15 W-3 Sokol helicopters entered se

-7s and FT-7s: these were to get the Elta EL/M-2032 air-toThe same equipment was then installed on the two-seater Fat least one consignment of laser-guided bombs, but no dlbit contract was won in 1997, the air force has acquired atere not upgraded. Despite the modernization measures, t

f Border Post 9631 with Thais and the rescue missions of t

l order

on the national flag; rather it

rmally the Lei tat is the air paigns, and after the deadly

urma) was still under British4 Austers and 3 Supermarine

as formed on 16 June 1950.Training School, were placedrmed with nine Dakotas as aormed under the Mingaladonawbi and Meiktila, in central1 Squadron Group (Hmawbioup was formed with No. 51and Alouettes) in Meiktila. Inwere put into operation. Byr Jet trainers and a new radar

of the airforce underwent aas upgraded to cover about ao. 1 Airborne Battalion withItaly In 1979-1986 6 Turbo

nd, followed by 20 SOKO G-

ntroduced two new Air Baseradar and electronic warfarervice.Israel was contracted to-air radar, Rafael Python Mk.T-7 fighter trainers as well. Ineliveries of any other (exceptleast one more squadron of F-he capability of Myanma Air

e cyclone Nargis.



• 2. Maj. Tommy Cliff • 3. Lt-Col. ThuyaS. Khin• 4. Brig-Gen.ThuyaTommy Cliff • 5. Brig-Gen. Thaung Dan• 6. Maj-Gen. ThuyaSaw Phyu• 7. Maj-Gen. Ko Gyi

• 8. Lt-Gen. Tin Tun• 9. Lt-Gen. Thein Win• 10.Lt-Gen. Tin Ngwe• 11.Maj-Gen. Kyaw Than• 12.Maj-Gen Myint Swe• 13.Lt-Gen. Myat Hein

[edit] Administrative and Support Units

Personnel: 15,000 all ranks • Air Force headquarters, Ministry• Aircraft Production and repair Ba• Ground Training Base (Meiktila)• Fly Training Base (Shante)

Air Bases

• Pathein Air Base headquarters• Mingaladon Air Base headquarter • Myitkyina Air Base headquarters• Myike Air Base headquarters• Namsang Air Base headquarters• Taungoo Air Base headquarters• Meikhtila(Shante)Air base for trai• Homemalin new Air base (at Saga• Many airfields other than above m

Air DefenceMyanmar Integrated Air Defence System

with help from Russia, Ukraine and China iAircraft Artillery (AAA) are formally inte

firing against attacking aircraft. Under theeach controlled by a Sector Operations C(NADOC) Headquarter in Yangon. Each Swhich in turn control mobile Surface to Acountry. IOCs are optimized to direct eitheconnected to observation and early warningradars and early warning systems located iradars, Galaxy Early Warning Radar andintroduction of new radar systems and Mosystems in the region. Many young officer Russia, Ukraine, China and Serbia.Sector Operations Commands

• Northern SOC (HQ at Myitkyina • Southern SOC (HQ at Myeik )• Western SOC (HQ at Sittwe)• Eastern SOC (HQ at Tachilek )• South Eastern SOC (HQ at Ye)• Central SOC (HQ at Meikhtila)

Equipment

ame Country

Chengdu F-7Airguard

People's Republic of

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29

Russia

Shenyang J-6 People's Republic of

Nanchang Q-5 People's Republic of

f Defencee Headquarters (Mingaladon)

s (former 502 Air Base)former 503 Air Base)

nning and operation, another airbase at Meikthila is helicoping division) can be seen at Google earth website via internentioned have been prepared to be used as front-line fields i

The Burmese Air Force established Myanmar Integratedn early 2000. All Air Defence assets within the The Burmerated into MIADS. AAA guns are mostly unguided and

ewly formed air defence system, the country was dividedommand (SOC) reporting directly to the National Air DC transmits early-warning and tracking data to Air Intercep

ir Missiles batteries and Fighter/Interceptor aircraft at var r SAM or interceptor aircraft against incoming missiles or area reporting posts (RP) via Defence Fibre Optic Cable neapproximately 40 sites throughout the country. New Air

P series radars are now installed and full operational aile Guided Surface to Air Missiles systems, MIADS becos from The Burmese Air Force have attended several Air

Type Quantity Ar

China fighter interceptor 60eqMa

multirole fighter-interceptor

12 - additionalMiG-29sordered in 2006[2]

30AAAAan

China fighter-ground attack 2 int bo

China fighter-ground attack 36 30

er trainning base.et.n case of foreign invasion.

ir Defence System (MIADS)se Air Force, except the Anti-eploy to use in barrage-style

into Six Air Defense sectors,efense Operations Commandt Operations Centers (AIOC),ious air bases throughout theenemy aircraft. Each IOC is

twork. There are around 100+efence radars such as 1L117all radar stations. With thee of the most advanced AD

Defence Training courses in

ament

ipped with French R550gic air-to-air missiles)

mm cannon, R73 WVR Ms, R77 and R 27 BVR Ms, S9 and S18 rockets,500250 kg bombs

rnal cannon armament and bs

m cannon, rocket pods and



Soko G-4Super Galeb

Serbia

Pilatus PC-9 Switzerland

Shaanxi Y-8D2Cub People's Republic of

Fokker F-27Friendship Netherlands

Fairchild Hiller FH-227

United States

Hongdu K-8Karakorum People's Republic of

Pilatus PC-7Turbo Trainer Switzerland

Britten- Norman BN-2Islander

United Kingdom

Cessna 180Skywagon

United States

Cessna 550Citation

United States

Pilatus PC-6A/B TurboPorter

Switzerland

Mil Mi-17 Soviet Union

Bell UH-1Iroquois

United States

PZL W-3Sokół Falcon Poland

Mil Mi-2 Poland

HAL DhruvPole Star India

Bell 206JetRanger

United States

AérospatialeSA 316BAlouette III

France

Serials and Markings Myanmar nationalapplied on six positions. The serialling sysaircraft identity, this could not be confirmethe numbers in Burmese. Sometimes the ser

• SA 316B Alouette III: dark green• UH-1H: camouflage colours unkn• F27 Troopship: white overall, do

(unit unknown).

bo

tandem-seat low-wingadvanced jet trainer/lightattack jet(counterinsurgency)

6guisur

single-engine, low-wingtandem-seat turboproptraining aircraft(counterinsurgency)

7 un

China turboprop transport 6 un

turboprop transport 2 un

twin-engined turboprop passenger/transport aircraft

3 un

China training/light attack &Maritime Surveillance

12 un

light trainer training &maritime surveillance

5 nowitin

light utility aircraft/training& maritime surveillance

2 un

light utility/liaison aircraft 4 un

business jet/liaison aircraft 1 un

STOL passenger and utilityaircraft (liaison aircraft)

5 un

transport helicopter 11 ma

multipurpose utilityhelicopter

22 ma


13twiangu

small, lightly armoredtransport helicopter

20

23maunOp

utility helicopter

Unknown

quantitytransferred inlate 2006[citation

needed ]

antair for


6malau

light utility helicopter 6 tw

insignia (white triangle with yellow field in the center atem of Myanmar Air Force aircraft is suggested to serveso far, however. Most of the older airplanes carried the ser als were outlined in white. Combat aircraft generally carry

overall, large black serial on the boom: UB6101 (unit unknown, serials reported to be 6201 through 6218 (unit unknow ble black cheat line along the fuselage, black serial on the

bs

ded air-to-air and air-to-ace missiles

rmed

rmed

rmed

rmed

rmed

unarmed, previously armedh unguided rocket and usedounterinsurgency operations

rmed

rmed

rmed

rmed

chine gun/gunship

chine gun/gunship

n 23 mm GSz-23Ł cannonfour pylons for weapons /

ship platform

mm NS-23 gun, 7,62 mmchine gun and 2x 57 mmuided rocket pods Mars-2.ional 7,62 mm machine gun

-armour missiles, four air-to-missiles or four rocket pods70 mm and 68 mm rockets

chine gun and rocketchers?

side-mounted machine guns

d borders in blue) is usuallyas both – unit and individualials with the prefix “UB” andserials in black.

wn).n).forward part of the fin: 5001



Myanmar Air ForceTatmadaw Lei


OKKWE DATKYATGYI Staff Sergeant DUTIYA AYAKANBO Master Sergeant AYAKANBO Sergeant Major

Du Bo Second Lieutenant Bo Lieutenant Bo Gyi Captain






Myanmar Police Force ( Pyi Thu Yae Tup Pwe)


Personnel

72,000 (including 4,500 Combat Police)

Headquarters

Yangon

Director General

Brigadier General Khin Yi

Components

State and Division Police Forces

Special Departments

Training Centres

Reserved Units

Combat Police Battalions

Anti-narcotic Task Force

Myanmar Police Force, formally known as The People's Police Force (Burmese: ; MLCTS: Pyi Thu Yae Tup Pwe), was established in 1964 as independent department under Ministry of Home Affairs. It was reorganised on 1October 1995 and informally become part of Tatmadaw. Current Director General of Myanmar Police Force is Brigadier General Khin Yi with its headquarters at Yangon. Its command structure is based on established civil jurisdictions. Each of Myanmar's sevenstates and seven divisions has their own Police Forces with headquarters in the respective capital cities. [1] Police in Burma have along history, and include the national police force of Burma, as well as smaller functions and jurisdictions.British rule in Burma The Indian Imperial Police was the primary law enforcement in Burma until 1937, when it was split fromBritish India. In 1872 the third mayor of Mergui District, Sir Ashly Din (1870-1875) assigned the first police officer to be stationedat Maliwan, a village 24 miles north of current Victoria Point. Perhaps the most famous policeman in Burma from this period is theauthor George Orwell, who in 1922 joined the Indian Imperial Police in Burma.Since independence On March 16, 1988 following the killing of two students during the pro-democracy demonstrations, students marching on Prome Road were confronted near Inya Lake by the Lon Htein security force riot police and many beaten to death or drowned. The national police are made up of several smaller entities, including

• Burma Railways Police• intelligence division

OrganizationState and Division Police Forces There are 14 State and Divisional Police Forces and three additional State/Division Police Forcescommanded by Police Colonels. Their jurisdictions are divided according to the Civil Administration. The States and Divisions,Additional States have the same status. Each State and Divisional Police Force consist of four components.

• Office of the Commander of the State and Divisional Police Force• Office of the Commander of the District Police Force• Office of the Commander of the Township Police Force• Police Stations

The District Police Forces are classified into two classes depending on the area, population and development, namely A and B Class.Commanders of the A Class District Police Forces are Police Lieutenant Colonels and B Classes are Police Majors. Commanders of Township Police Forces are Police Captains and Police Station Officers are Police Lieutenants.State and Divisional Police Forces of Burma are as follow:

State and Division Headquarters

Karen State Pa-An

Kachin State Myitkyina



Chin State Hakha

Mon State Moulmein

Arakan State Akyab

Shan State Taunggyi

Yangon Division Yangon

Sagaing Division Sagaing

Mandalay Division Mandalay

Magwe Division Magwe

Pegu Division Pegu

Tenasserim Division Tavoy

Irrawaddy Division Bassein

There are also three additional State Police Forces, with their headquarters at Lashio (Shan State North), Kengtung (Shane State East)and Prome (Pegu West) in Pegu Division. Members of all these forces are assigned to positions at District and Police station level.Special Departments There are four Special Departments, in which the first two Departments are headed by the Police Brigadier Generals and the rest two are by Police Colonels.

• Special Intelligence Department (Special Branch)• Criminal Investigation Department (CID)• Railways Police Department• City Development Police Department

Training Centres There are three main Training Centers, one Central Training Institute of Myanmar Police Force and two PoliceTraining Depots. The State and Divisional Police Forces have their own training centers for refresher courses and Junior Leader ( NCO) Courses. Bachelor Degree holders from Distance Learning University were disqualified to sit SIP exam.Thus vast amount of bachelor holding other rank police personal upset for their future.Central Institute of Police Training The Central Training Institute of Myanmar Police Force is situated in Maymyo, commanded by a Police Brigadier General and is conducting the following courses:

Course ame Duration

Deputy Superintendent CadetCourse

12 months in Central Institute of Police Training, 6 months in Defence Service and 12 months of on -the-job Training

Sub-Inspector Cadet Course 1 Years

Surveillance Officer Course 10 Weeks

Investigation Officer Course 10 Weeks

Police Station Officer Course 12 Weeks

Staff Officer Course 8 Weeks

Township Police Commander Course

12 Weeks

District Police Commander Course

12 Weeks

o. 1 Police Training Depot The No.1 Police Training Depot is commanded by a Police Lieutenant Colonel and undertakes:

Course ame DurationBasic Training Course for Police Sergeants 9 months

Warrant Officer and Police Sergeants Course 12 Weeks

Basic Training Course for Constables 6 Months

o. 2 Police Training Depot The No.2 Police Training Depot is also cmmanded by a Police Lieutenant Colonel, and undertakesonly Basic Training Course for Constables, which normally takes around 6 months to complete. Reserve Units The following units were formed with personnel formerly in the People's Militia Units.

• Highway Patrol • Oil Field/Gas Pipeline Security guards • Tourist Police

Combat Police Battalions (SWAT) There are sixteen Police Battalions to carry out general security duties under the command of Battalion Control Command. The Battalion Commandants are Police Lieutenant Colonels. As the populace of the cities including

Yangon and Mandalay have been increased day after day, problems on social, economy and politics are risen up that could lead toemergence of civil unrest and sabotage. It is necessary to prevent from destruction and harassment, VIP and project factories andworkshops, security of diplomats and their embassies. Seven of these Police Battalions are situated in the Yangon Divisional areasand two in Mandalay and three in Arakan, one in Sagaing, one in Mon State, one in Pegu, one in Prome. These specially-trained and



combat capable battalions are formed with battalion consists of 500+ personnel and thunits. These battalions structure are similar Regional Military Commands.[2]

• 1st Combat Police Battalion (HQ• 2nd Combat Police Battalion (HQ• 3rd Combat Police Battalion (HQ• 4th Combat Police Battalion (HQ• 5th Combat Police Battalion (HQ• 6th Combat Police Battalion (HQ• 7th Combat Police Battalion (HQ• 8th Combat Police Battalion (HQ• 9th Combat Police Battalion (HQ• 10th Combat Police Battalion• 11th Combat Police Battalion• 12th Combat Police Battalion• 14th Combat Police Battalion• 15th Combat Police Battalion• 16th Combat Police Battalion

Anti-arcotic Task Forces 19 special antifor Drug Abuse Control.Weapons and equipment Myanmar Policevintage to modern sophisticated weapons.Type 56 (seized from ethnic and narco-insfavour of 5.56mm MA series assault rifles.with bipod) Light Machine Guns for sectionight vision goggles and other counter terr equipped with 81 mm and 60 mm mortars.Police Forces and those providing general gand bus stations are issued with SecondCarbines, BA-52 submachine guns (locally been issued with various side arms such as tVehicles

• Mitsubishi Montero SUV(confisc• Land Rover Donated by Foreign• Honda CBX750 motorcycle (For • Mercedes Benz C-class sedan (co• Toyota Dyna paddy wagon (Priva• Toyota Tiger Double Cab,confisc• Mitsubishi Double Cab,confiscate• Mitsubishi Pickup confiscated ite• Mitsubishi Pickup confiscated ite• Toyota Pickup confiscated item (• Honda design Chinese motorcycl

Police and their informer illegal aReferences

1. ^ http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/2. ^ Selth, Power Without Glory

See also

Current events/Southeast Asia por

• Tatmadaw • Myanmar Army • Myanmar Navy • Myanmar Air Force • Aung San • Human rights in Burma • Rangoon bombing

External links

• [1]

personnel from former Riot Security Police, better knowse battalions are supported by two support battalions, whito that of Army's Light Infantry Battalions and they are s

at Hlawga)at Maungtaw)at Shwemyayar)at Patheingyi)at Hmawbi)at Shwepyitha)at Kyauktan)at Mingaladon)at Hlaingthaya)

-narcotic task forces have been established under the direct

Force uses wide range of weapons and ammunitions, ranCombat battalions are armed with relatively modern smalgents) and Ka Pa Sa BA63 assault rifle, which are beingThey have also been issued with 7.62mm Bren and BA-64

support, BA-100 sniper rifles (locally manufactured versiorists and special forces equipment. Heavy Weapons comMembers of MPF who are stationed in local police stationuards duties at various government establishments and publ

orld War vintage weapons such as British .303 Enfieldanufactured Italian TZ-45 submachine gun) and Sten Gun

he Enfield revolver , Smith & Wesson M&P, 0.38 Colt revol

ted item)rganizations for Drugs Enforcement.ilot and Point)fiscated item)e Owned Vehicles called as volunteer)ted item (Used by Police General Khin Ye, during the perid item (Used by Police Col Aung Naing, Yangon)

(Used by Township Police Station, Yangon)(Used by Police Lt Col Aung Naing Thu, Yangon)

sed by Township Police Station, Yangon)e (confiscated item, these motorcycles were used by motd without registration number)

inistry/home/mpf/

al

as "Lon Htein" Units. Eachh include signal and medical bordonate to their respective

ion of the Central Committee

ing from Second World War l arms such as M16, AK-47,

phased out from the Army in(Heavy Barrel version of G3 on of G3A3ZF Sniper Rifle),

panies of these battalions arewithin States and Divisional

ic places such as airport, trainRifles, M1 Grand rifles, M1. Officers and detectives havever and Browning HP.

d of Golden Revolution)

or vehicles police, Township

Myanmar-Armed-Forces Tatmadaw (From Wikipedia)

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