SHRESHTHA MANGALB.TECH 3rd YEARBTBTC11285ROLL NO-11202

CONTENTS Introduction GeoInt What is Geospatial Platform GIS in GeoInt Intergraph Roles Applications Military and national security Need Merits Limitations Conclusion References

IntroductionThe terms "GIS," "remote sensing," and "GPS," often are used together when discussing geospatial technology. Engineers collect data with a global positioning system (GPS) unit or using remote sensing and then integrate that data into a GIS program. The acronym "GIS" refer to the systems of hardware and software used to analyze, process, and store geographic data.Remote sensing is the acquisition of data from a distance, usually with the use of satellite imaging, aerial photography, radar (radio detecting and ranging)GPS units operate through a satellite-based navigation system made up of a constellation of 24 satellites orbiting 19,320 kilometers (12,000 miles) above the surface of the Earth. The U.S. Department of Defense launched the system, which was originally intended for military applications but was made available for civilian use in the 1980s.

Geospatial Intelligence(GEOINT)

GEOINT, known previously as imagery intelligence (IMINT), is an intelligence collection discipline that applies to national security intelligence, law enforcement intelligence, and competitive intelligence.

What is the Geospatial Platform?

The Geospatial Platform is an Internet-based capability providing shared and trusted geospatial data, services, and applications for use by the public and by government agencies and partners to meet their mission needs.

Geographic information systems in geospatial intelligence

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) new and constantly evolving role in geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) and United States (U.S.). National security allows a user to efficiently manage, analyze, and produce geospatial data, to combine GEOINT with other forms of intelligence collection, and to perform highly developed analysis and visual production of geospatial data.

INTERGRAPHIntergraph Corporation is an American software development and services company. It provides enterprise engineering and geospatially powered software to businesses, governments, and organizations around the world. Intergraph operates through two divisions: Process, Power & Marine (PP&M) and Security, Government & Infrastructure (SG&I). The company’s headquarters is in Huntsville, Alabama, USA. In 2008, Intergraph was one of the hundred largest software companies in the world.

Roles Data and map productionSustainability and temporal analysisAnalysis of collected imagery or

intelligenceFusion of multiple forms of intelligence

collectionCollaborative planning and efficient

work flow management between decision-makers, analysts, consumers, and war-fighters

A P P L I C A T I O N

Pathfinder Geospatial Sustainability SGAM Distributed GeoInt

PATHFINDERGetting actionable data fromnumerous military sensors and then delivering it to war-fighters sothey can immediately use it, is the

keyfocus of Pathfinder.Bandwidth, cloud computing, smartphone and cell technologies are allpart of a rapidly developing sector.

Geospatial sustainability

Geospatial sustainability highlights the geographic nature of sustainability with the help of digital and analytical tools means computer applications for capturing, storing, managing, displaying, and analyzing geographically referenced data.

SGAM

The Structured Geospatial Analytic Method (SGAM) is both as an analytic method and pedagogy for the Geospatial Intelligence professional . It is intended to advance the Geospatial Intelligence by providing an approach not only to teach the analyst how forage and repackage data, but also how to analyze the data in a meaningful way.

Spatial thinking that goes beyond a simple identification of locations is key to applying the SGAM. This thinking involves comparing locations, considering the influence of nearby features, grouping regions and hierarchies, and identifying distant places that have similar conditions. It is also the consideration of change, movement, and diffusion through time and place . Spatial thinking then proceeds to examine the places and compare places in the context of space and time.

Cont…

DGInt technology can be employed by defense and intelligence organization to provide an enterprise solution for geospatial intelligence data.

It enables the utilization of thin clients to search massive amount of geospatial and intelligence data using very low band-width web services for data discovery and fusion of data and products.

DISTRIBUTED GEOSPATIAL INTELLIGENCE

NEEDFederal agencies and their partners collectand manage large amounts of place-based(geospatial) data – but it is often not easilyfound when needed, and sometimes data iscollected or purchased multiple times. Inshort, the best government data is not alwaysorganized and managed efficiently to supportdecision making in a timely and cost effectivemanner. The Geospatial Platform is designedto provide that service and capability.

MERITS In Remote Sensing Geospatial analyst can manage ice-bergs It can be employed to understand the complex and sometimes slow-moving progress of global change. In Military and National Security displays the capabilities of a target and its geographical relationship to other objects easily consumable and understood by a decision maker Information is more accurate and immediately accessible to those who require it.

Limitations Imagery is only a snapshot of a moment in time. can be too compelling and lead to ill-informed decisions that ignore other intelligence. static and vulnerable to deception and decoys. Does not depict the intentions of a target Expensive

CONCLUSIONThe use of geospatial technologies has shown a consistent growth over the years across different sectors.This is attributable to its capability in allowing users to collect, organize , visualize and analyze data in new and highly practical ways. By providing the opportunity to place layer on layer of data over a map, technology has enabled users and managers to calculate and even predict the complex phenomena and make intelligent decisions in relation to sustainable resource management. Numerous industries have benefited in some way from the application of geospatial technology and the ability to unravel environmental, social, economic, political and global issues is increasingly evident. Therefore, it is highly likely that learners from many different sectors where geography is relevant will encounter some kind of geospatial technology during their lifetime and an early introduction to these technologies is becoming essential.

REFERENCESThe World's Largest Software Companies". Software Top 100. GIS: Elementary Speaking, “Me on the Map “ http://www.iupui.edu/~gst/gis.htmlGeography Network http://www.geographynetwork.com/home.htmlGood-child, M.F. and Janelle, D.G. (Eds.) (2004) Spatially Integrated Social Science, New York: Oxford University Press Chrisman N – Exploring Geographic Information Systems (John Wiley & Sons, 2002)