MuseumFinlandBasics tekoälykurssi11 11 2004 · 2 Semantic Computing Research Group University of...

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Semantic Computing Research Group

University of Helsinki

http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/

MuseumFinland

-a semantic web portal

Eero Hyvönen, Kim Viljanen, Samppa Saarela, Eetu Mäkelä, Mirva Salminen&Miikka Junnila ([email protected])Semantic Computing Research GroupHelsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT) & University of Helsinki, Dept. of Computer Sciencehttp://www.cs.helsinki.fi/group/seco/




The “Semantic Web” research project group (2002-2004)

• prof. Eero Hyvönen• Miikka Junnila• Suvi Kettula• Eetu Mäkelä• Vilho Raatikka• Samppa Saarela• Mirva Salminen• Ahti Syreeni• Arttu Valo• Kim Viljanen

Helsinki Institute for Information Technology& University of Helsinki

Helsinki, Finland

Helsinki Institute for Information Technology& University of Helsinki

Helsinki, Finland

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world.html

New YorkNew York

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Research Consortium

National Boardof Antiquities

Espoo CityMuseum

Lahti CityMuseum

ANTIKVARIA GROUPHelsinki University

Museum

UNIVERSITYOF HELSINKI

Co-operation with:Finnish National Gallery




Outline for this Presentation

1. What is MuseumFinland?2. End-user’s view: The MuseumFinland portal3. Developer’s view: some technical details4. Discussion and summary

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1. What is MuseumFinland? — Background

• Museum items are distributed to special museums– E.g., museum for design and art, museum of a specific city,

etc.physically separatedsemantically interconnected!

– Many items are seldom visible in the museums, but archived in optimal conditions

• Museum web sites are build for each museum separately– The user is interested in the historical artifacts– not in museum organizations




MuseumFinland

• A semantic portal for searching and browsing museum items– Global view to distributed collections– One seamless national collection (virtually)

”Museums in Finland” ”Museum of Finland”

1. For the end-user: Semantic search and browsing– Search: concept-based information retrieval– Browsing: semantically linked contents

2. For the museums: a publishing method for publishing their collections together on the (Semantic) Web

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MuseumFinland Approach




2. The End-User’s view: The MuseumFinland Portal

Functions of the system:Multi-facet searchKeyword searchSemantic browsing

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1. Multi-facet search

• UI based on: [Pollit97], [Hearst&al 03]• our system:

based on ontologies and RDF• several facet trees (views on content)

• e.g., ”artifact type”, ”manufacturer”, ”usage situation”

• The user can select any concept fromthe facet trees– the result of the query is the

disjunction of the selected concepts• The views are projected from the

ontologies




Multi-facet search

artifact type userplace of

manufacturing

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Multi-facet search


manufacturing1.




Multi-facet search


manufacturing

2.

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2. Concept-Based Keyword Search

• searches both keywords in the categories and the items• combined with the multi-facet search




3. Semantic browsing

• links generated based on logic rules and the ontologiesand metadata

• rules are generated by a domain specialist• goal: describing the relation between X and Y

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Demo!




Demo: Usage Sequence

1. Jim is located in New York and interested in knowingmore about artifacts related to New York.

2. Jim starts the search by typing ”New York”.3. New York has been a ”place of manufacturing” and

”place of usage”.4. clicks on ”type-writer Remington”5. clicks on ”related to same subject matter” ”

cosmos pencil with pen case”6. clicks on ”piggy bank: Scrooge McDuck”7. clicks on ”manufacturing time”: 1960-19698. restriction: ”machines” + ”North-America”9. a red tape recorder

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MuseumFinland Mobile Version

• Solving the small display problem with semantic web– multi-facet search: hiding choices based on search context

• New functions– Combining coordinates and location ontology– Getting more info by email

• Technical details– WAP 2.0 compatible phones– Nokia Series 60 browser




3. Developer’s view: Some Technical Details

• MuseumFinland portal server is based on– semantic web technologies (ontologies, metadata), – Java– Jena (http://jena.sourceforge.net)– Apache Cocoon XML publishing framework

(http://cocoon.apache.org/)– SWI-Prolog (http://www.swi-prolog.org)

• Other tools used– Protégé 2000 for editing ontologies and instance data

(http://protege.stanford.edu)– Perl

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Architecture of MuseumFinland

Semantic Content

Editor Syntactic interoperability

Semantic interoperability

Heterogeneous Collection Data Bases

The End-User

The domain expert

WWW BrowserEnd-User

Museum Finland server

Portal Server

Content provider(museums)

Ontodella Ontogator

RDF instances

Common collection XML Schema

Museum 1 Museum 2 Museum 3

View-Based searchKnowledge Base & Recommendations

OntoView

OntologiesRDF(S)




MuseumFinland Content Process

Semantic Content




The End-User

The domain expert

WWW BrowserEnd-User


Portal Server


Ontodella Ontogator

RDF instances




OntoView

OntologiesRDF(S)

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DB to MuseumFinland

• The problem: Annotating a (large) collection of museum items• Our solution:

– a semi-automated annotation process based on terms and ontologies– domain specialists are needed for semantic disambiguation

RDF

syntacticinteroperability

semanticinteroperability

museum ontologiesxml schema

XMLMuseum DB




DB to XML

• an ”XML card” is created for every museum artifact

• 14 fields such as– identifaction number– name of the object– manufacturer– etc.

RDF




XMLMuseum DB

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The Goal of the Annotation: mapping the items to the ontology

RDF




XMLMuseum DB




Using terms for mapping cards to the ontologies

XMLCards

Terminator:Term Extraction

RDFCards

UnknownTerms

MF Global Terms

Annomobile:XML2RDF

Ontologies

Advise logHuman Term

Card Edit

Local Terms

Human RDFCard EditAdvise log

RDF Cards

CheckRDF Cards

OUTPUT

Term Creation Process

Artifact Record Creation Process

INPUT

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Contents of MuseumFinland

• currently contains approximately 4500 museum items• cultural collections• archeological and historical sites

• seven ontologies

ONTOLOGY CONTENT CLASSES INDIVIDUALSArtifacts Classes for tangible collection objects 3227 0Materials Substances that the artifacts are made of 364 0Actors Persons, companies, organizations, and other agents 26 1715Locations Continents, countries, cities, villages, farms etc. 33 864Times Eras, centuries, etc. as time intervals 57 0Events Situations, events, and processes in the society 992 0Collections Museum collections included in the system 22 24




MuseumFinland Portal

Semantic Content




The End-User

The domain expert

WWW BrowserEnd-User


Portal Server


Ontodella Ontogator

RDF instances




OntoView

OntologiesRDF(S)

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The Portal Server

Semantic

The End-UserWWW Browser


Ontodella Ontogator

RDF instances


OntoView

OntologiesRDF(S)




The Portal Server

Semantic



Ontodella Ontogator

RDF instances


OntoView

OntologiesRDF(S)

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Ontodella – the Logic Module

• function 1: defining views– generates the view-trees based on the RDF input and Prolog

rules– every tree-view is defined by

• the root node (where to start the tree?)• the subnode relation (what are the subnodes for node X?)• the leaf rule (is resource R connected to node X?)

• function 2: relations between artifacts– relation rules which define whether artifact X is related to Y– rules are defined independent from the artifacts, using

concepts presented in the ontologies




Linking Rules Intuitively

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Linking Rules Intuitively




Ontodella - implementation

• queried from OntoView with HTTP queries• results returned as RDF/XML messages

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The Portal Server

Semantic



Ontodella Ontogator

RDF instances


OntoView

OntologiesRDF(S)




Ontogator – The View Engine

• does the view-based operations– calculates the disjunctions of the selected categories– sorts the results (based on selected category)

• provides a RDF based API– queries and results as RDF/XML messages

• implementation– Java + Jena memory model

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The Portal Server

Semantic



Ontodella Ontogator

RDF instances


OntoView

OntologiesRDF(S)




OntoView

• based on Apache Cocoon• handles the user interaction

– creates the HTML (with XSLT)– manages the user queries and calls the underlying systems

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4. Discussion, open questions etc

• It’s working! :)– the museums have been pleased with the results– an important goal has been to learn and test Semantic Web

technologies for solving a real world problem

• The rules make the system flexible– different kind of RDF data can be imported– the possibility to create different kinds of exhibitions by

changing the views and the linking rules




Open Questions, Possible Future Additions

• scalability to bigger collections (>100000)– currently about 5000 artifacts– addressed in a follow-up project

• how to create the view and linking rules easily?– editor software needed?

• ranking method for the generated links?– will be addressed in a follow-up project

• many different technologies– connecting SWI-Prolog and Java-applications

Jena2’s rule engine could be used instead of Prolog ?

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Future work

• new projects– national Finnish ontologies– project for semantic service finding

(”semantic yellow pages”)




Related Work

• the Flamenco system– we used the same user interface, underlying implementation

differs

• existing museum portals, such as Australian Online– we collect the information to a global database

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MuseumFinland and the Semantic Web

• The SW technologies are usefull in MF, because– the data can be changed without changing the software

(changes to the rules may be needed)MF has been tested with yellow page data

– a standard way for describing datadata reusable in other applicationsmuseum data has been tested in other applications

• MuseumFinland is not a perfect SW citizen (yet)– the portal is a centralized system– based on our own ontologies (however, modifying existing

museum classifications)– the ontologies and the data are not currently public




Summary

MuseumFinland = A Semantic portal for FinnishMuseum Collections

a national culture content publication channel on the Semantic Web

End-User’s viewpointSeamless view to heterogeneous collectionsSearch based on views and ontologiesBrowsing based on semantic recommendations

Museum’s viewpointA semi-automatic publication process for publishing contentin MuseumFinland

Test it yourself! http://museosuomi.cs.helsinki.fi

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Questions, comments?

Thank you!

my email: [email protected]

the application: http://museosuomi.cs.helsinki.fi/

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