MUNICIPALITY OF BASUD

Assessment Results and

Consolidated Data Analysis

PRO WATER: Promoting Integrated Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Access, Integrity, Empowerment, Rights and Resiliency

Joint Programme

Table of Contents

Page

I. Geographical Setting and Physical Characteristics 3 - 5

Location and Administrative Composition

Climate

Geology Topography

Land Use Natural

Hazards

II. Socio-Economic and Cultural Features 5 - 8

Demography

Local Economy

Financial

Income

Expenditures

Infrastructure

Transportation Network

Power Facilities

Education

Health & Service Facility

III. iWASH Household Survey Results 8-10

IV. Existing Water Supply Conditions 10-11

V. Existing Sanitation Conditions 11

VI. Assessing Disaster Preparedness 11-12

VII. Gender and Development (GAD) Mainstreaming in Project 12

identification, Planning, and Implementation of Safe Water,

Sanitation, and Hygiene

Time Use Tool

Sanitation & Hygiene

VIII. Governance and Institutional Building 12-13

Governance and Institutional Building

Sanitation & Hygiene

I. Geographical Setting and Physical Characteristics

Location

The Municipality of Basud is located in the southernmost part of the Province of

Camarines Norte. It lies within grid coordinates 1300 50’ to 1400 10’ latitude and 1220

50’ to 1230 10’ longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Municipalities of Daet, on

the south by the mountainous borders of the Municipalities of Lupi and Sipocot,

(Camarines Sur province); on the east by San Miguel Bay and the Municipality of

Mercedes; and on the west by the Municipality of San Lorenzo Ruiz (formerly Imelda).

It is about 5 km from the capital town of Daet and 193 km from Legazpi City, the

regional center of Region V, the Bicol Region.

Administrative Composition

The Municipality, having a total land area of 26,028 hectares (ha), is politically

subdivided into 29 barangays. Of the 29 barangays, two are urban: Poblacion 1 and

Poblacion 2. The rest, 27 barangays are rural. The urban barangays covers an

aggregate area of 215 ha or a mere 0.82 % of the total municipal area. Two barangays

are coastal, situated along San Miguel Bay: Mangcamagong and Taba-Taba

Table 1.1: Classification of Barangay

Barangay Urban/Rural

Angas Rural

Bactas Rural

Binatagan Rural

Caayunan Rural

Guinatungan Rural

Hinampacan Rural

Langa Rural

Laniton Rural

Lidong Rural

Mampili Rural

Mandazo Rural

Mangcamagong Rural

Manmuntay Rural

Mantugawe Rural

Matnog Rural

Mocong Rural

Oliva Rural

Pagsangahan Rural

Pinagwarasan Rural

Plaridel Rural

Poblacion1 Urban

Poblacion 2 Urban

SanFelipe Rural

San Jose Rural

3

San Pascual Rural

Taba-taba Rural

Tacad Rural

Taisan Rural

Tuaca Rural

Climate

Basud has Type II climate based on the Modified Coronas Classification with no definite

dry season and a very pronounced wet season. Rainfall occurs throughout the year

except during the month of March where no rainfall is observed. Almost 90 percent of

the typhoons which pass the Philippine area of responsibility affect the area.

Topography

The terrain of Basud is characterized by level to gently sloping areas and to moderately

sloping to rolling.

The urban barangays (Poblacion 1 and Poblacion 2) have a slope category of 0 to 3

percent. Of the rural barangays, Barangay Tuaca has the largest gently sloping to

undulating areas covering an area of 1,418 ha. Areas with slope of 18 to 30 percent

can be found in San Pascual (3.83 ha) and Tuaca (43.15 ha). Barangays Lidong, San

Pascual, and Tuaca also have areas with 30 to 50 percent slope (steep hill to

mountainous). Areas with above 50 percent slope or those that are mountainous with

very steep slopes can only be found in Barangay San Pascual with 5,167.02 ha.

Land Use

From the Strategic Agriculture and Fishery Development Zones (SAFDZ) program,

forestland or watershed areas dominates the Municipality that covers 46 percent of

the total land area (refer Table 1.2). Forestlands are generally located in the southern

part of the Municipality, specifically San Pascual where it serves as a boundary of the

Bicol National Park.

Table 1.2: Existing Land Use

Land Use Category Area in

Hectares

Percent in

Total

Integrated Crop Zones 1,021.31 3.9

Crop Zones 11,661.31 44.80

Watershed Areas 12,057.12 46.32

Fishery Zones 108.32 0.41

Built-up Areas 1,179.95 4.53

Total 26,028.01 100.00

4

Natural Hazards

Basud is traversed by rivers with small to modest catchment areas. These include

Basud, and Malagunot Rivers. The most prominent is the Basud River, which traverses

several barangays. Over-topping of the river bank may affect the barangays of San

Jose, Langga, Laniton, Mocong, Poblacion 1 and 2, Mampili and Hinampacan.

The 2010 Updated Philippine National Action Plan to Combat Desertification, Land

Degradation and Drought (DLDD) for fiscal year 2010‐2020 identified the most

vulnerable areas to drought. These include areas with Type I and III climate. Since Basud has Type II climate, it is less prone to drought.

The coastal barangays in the Municipality are vulnerable to storm surges these are the

barangays of Taba-taba, Mangcahagong and Lidong. In Basud, tsunamis have a high

level of hazard because they could hit the shoreline in less than 15 minutes with wave

heights in excess of 6 meters.

The Lake Bato Lineament and Guinyangan Fault are the closest earthquake generators

in Basud. Since Basud is located several kilometers from traces of active faults, no

ground rupture is expected to occur in the Municipality during earthquakes.

Part of Basud is identified by the PHIVOLCS as one of the areas susceptible to

liquefaction, particularly the floodplain of Basud River. This includes Poblacion 1 and

2, Hinampacan, Mampili, Mocong, Bagtas, Matnog, Laniton, Langga, Pagsangahan and

San Jose. Consideration against liquefaction should be made in siting water supply

structures, specifically elevated storage facilities.

II. Socio-Economic and Cultural Features

Demography

In 2010, the total population of the Municipality of Basud is 38,176 with an annual

population growth rate of 1.27 percent (2007-2010). The average household size is

4.6 lower than the national average of five. Majority of the population (84.95%) reside

in the 27 rural barangays, the rest are living in the two urban barangays Poblacion 1

& 2. (refer Table 2.1)

Table 2.1: Population by Barangay, Urban-Rural Distribution, 2010

Barangay Classification

(Urban/Rural) 2010

Population

Angas Rural 1,175

Bactas Rural 1,599

Binatagan Rural 397

Caayunan Rural 1,244

Guinatungan Rural 857

Hinampacan Rural 650

5

Langa Rural 830

Laniton Rural 1,490

Lidong Rural 401

Mampili Rural 1,110

Mandazo Rural 711

Mangcamagong Rural 1,400

Manmuntay Rural 669

Mantugawe Rural 1,056

Matnog Rural 2,963

Mocong Rural 847

Oliva Rural 928

Pagsangahan Rural 1,337

Pinagwarasan Rural 1,054

Plaridel Rural 1,089

Poblacion1 Urban 3,043

Poblacion 2 Urban 2,701

San Felipe Rural 3,282

San Jose Rural 995

San Pascual Rural 1,560

Taba-taba Rural 657

Tacad Rural 1,028

Taisan Rural 1,207

Tuaca Rural 1,896

TOTAL 38,176

Local Economy

There is high dependence on agriculture in the Municipality of Basud. The primary

means of livelihood here is farming, particularly farm labor. Some of the people thrive

on livestock and poultry raising, fishing and trading or entrepreneurship. Coconut oil

and pineapple fiber processing, various retail or wholesale outlets, lending institutions

and minor service centers provide alternative forms of employment. The few economic

opportunities would imply that household income is limited and seasonal. The

households have very limited capacities to generate more income and better livelihood.

Financial

Income

Year IRA Local Source Total

2010 64,724,910.00 4,763,678.572 69,488,588.57

2011 69,966,836.00 3,043,485.945 73,010,321.95

2012 67,890,624.00 3,930,317.214 71,820,941.21

2013 75,880,951.00 4,237,090.901 80,118,041.90

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Expenditures

Year

TOTAL OPERATING EXPENDITURES (In Million)

TOTAL

OPERATING EXPENDI-

TURES

General

Public

Services

Education,

Culture &

Sports/

Manpower

Development

Health,

Nutrition &

Population

Control

Labor

and

Employ

ment

Housing

and

Commu

nity

Develop

ment

Social

Services

and

Social

Welfare

Econo-

mic

Services

Debt

Service

(FE)

(Interest

Expense

& Other

Charges)

2010 29.72 1.27 6.16 0.03 1.53 1.87 5.77 - 46.36

2011 36.89 0.39 6.45 - - 2.12 5.77 - 51.63

2012 39.97 0.47 6.89 - - 2.30 6.11 - 55.73

2013 44.42 0.45 7.24 - - 2.46 6.46 - 61.04

2014 36.84 0.56 7.79 - - 4.44 6.41 1.24 57.28

Year

TOTAL NON-OPERATING EXPENDITURES (In Million)

TOTAL NON-

OPERATING EXPENDI-

TURES

CAPITAL/ INVESTMENT EXPENDITURES DEBT SERVICE (Principal Cost)

Other

Non-

Operating

Expendi-

tures

CAPITAL/ INVESTM

ENT EXPENDI TURES

Purchase/ Construct

of Property Plant and Equipment (Assets/ Capital Outlay)

Purchase

of Debt

Securities

of Other

Entities

(Investme

nt Outlay)

Grant/ Make

Loan to Other

Entities (Inves- ment

Outlay)

DEBT SERVICE (Principal

Cost)

Payment of Loan

Amortiza- tion

Retirem

ent/ Redemp tion of Bonds/ Debt

Secur- ities

2010 12.84 12.84 - - 7.03 7.03 19.87

2011 10.39 10.39 - - 3.97 3.97 14.35

2012 12.13 12.13 - - 2.52 2.52 14.64

2013 29.10 29.10 - - 3.12 3.12 32.22

2014 20.19 20.19 - - 3.85 3.85 0.18 24.22 Source: Bureau of Local Government Finance

Infrastructure

• Transportation Network

The different barangays are linked to the town proper by two major roads: Maharlika

Highway and Provincial Road. As of 2010, Basud had a total road network of 180.163

km composed of 25.61 km of national road/Maharlika Highway, 47.37 km of provincial

road network, 6.447 km of municipal streets, and 105.735 km of barangay roads. Most

portions of the current road network have been constructed with provisions for good

drainage system and only the flood-prone areas are exposed to slight seasonal

floodings.

There are 18 national bridges, 14 provincial bridges, one 4-barrel box culvert, eight

old timber bridges, 15 barangay bridges and footbridges that connect the road

networks across the Municipality.

7

8

• Power Facilities

The Camarines Norte Electric Cooperative (CANORECO) provides the municipality

with power supply. As of 2010, there were 5,129 households served by CANORECO

while about 2,289 households remained unserved. Of the total households served,

3,158 (42.57 percent) were in rural areas while 1,971 (26.57 percent) were in the

urban areas.

• Communication Network

Telecommunications across the Municipality are made possible by Smart and

Globe. These companies have installed their own towers in Basud providing good

telecommunication signals even to the farthest barangays. Meanwhile, postal

services are being provided by the Philippine Postal Corporation with office located in

Poblacion

1. The LGU also operates a Community e-Center that offers affordable Internet access

and services, such as online surfing and research.

• Education

There are 26 elementary schools across the Municipality and four public secondary

schools. No institutional facilities for tertiary and advanced learning are present.

Health and Service Facility

Each of the 29 barangays has its own Barangay Health Station (BHS). Among these

health facilities, only two are in good condition: the BHS in Angas and the BHS in

Langga. Health personnel, however, are lacking. Only eight midwives conduct

extension services in all 29 BHS which are mostly in substandard condition.

Solid Waste Disposal Management

Methods of waste disposal in the Municipality include composting, recycling,

burning, and dumping in open pits. Collected and disposed wastes are often

unloaded in any of the following: open dump site, controlled dump site, and

sanitary landfill with a materials recovery facility (MRF). Uncollected garbage are

usually dumped in an open pit located in the backyard of individual households

III. iWASH Household Survey Results

A total of three-hundred seventy nine (379) households were surveyed using the iWASH

baseline survey tool. The following sections contain selected data results (based on generated

tables and diagrams by UNICEF) from the database. Majority of the data reflect the top two-

three responses of the HHs per survey question.

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1. Household Composition

Eighty-six percent (86%) of the households’ main income earners are males. Female

income earners account for 13% and combination of male/female income earners

account for 1%.

Ninety-two percent (92%) of the households who are responsible for day-to-day affairs

are women.

Ninety-nine percent (99%) of the households surveyed are not part of an indigenous

group (IP). The remaining 1% is part of an IP group.

The average number of families in a household is 1.

The average number of household members is 5.

2. Social Affiliations

Fifty nine percent (59%) of respondents belong and/or are members of a community

organization while forty one percent (41%) are not.

3. Household economic features

Majority of the HHs source of family income is farming (135 HHs); seasonal employment

(83 HHs) and fishing (44 HHs)

Majority of HHs annual family income is Php 20,000-40,000 (128 HHs) and Php 40,000-

60,000 (81 HHs).

Three-forty nine (349) HHs own their residences while 16 HHs are renting.

Two hundred eighty four (284) HHs are formal settlers (25 HHs have title or rights only

while 259 HHs have both); while 95 HHs are in formal settlers

Two hundred seventeen (217) HHs own backyard animals; 32 HHs own farm animals;

19 HHs own transport vehicles, 12 HHs own residential houses; while 91 HHs own none

of these.

4. Household exposure to natural hazards

Seventy four (74%) of households said that they are exposed to natural hazards while

twenty four percent (24%) said that they are not. The remaining 2% claimed to be

unaware if their household is exposed to natural hazards.

Of the HHs who answered yes, 70% said that their HHs experience tropical cyclones,

18% experience flooding, and 5% experience El Nino.

5. Household access to water supply and services

86 HHs said that their source of drinking water is from Level 2 Water facilities, while 60

HHs source are from deep well, 52 HHs from developed spring, 21 from Level 3

facilities, and 14 HHs from shallow wells.

For cooking purposes, 104 HHs use water from deep wells, 83 HHs use water from

Level 2 Water Facilities, 26 from Level 3 Water Facilities, and 53 HHs from developed

spring. The rest of the HHs use dug well and shallow well.

6. Household access to sanitation and hygiene practices

Ninety-four percent (94%) have toilets while 6% have none.

86 HHs have toilets located outside of the house while 267 HHs have toilets inside the

house. Only 2 HHs have toilets both inside and outside the house.

Three hundred forty six (346) HHs said that they have pour flush with septic tanks; a

few others have flush with septic tank, flush without septic tank, and pour flush without

septic tank.

Ninety two percent (92%) of the respondents said that they exclusively used their

toilets while eight percent (8%) are shared.

10

Of the 6% HHs that do not have toilets, 18 of these HHs use the neighbors’ toilets; 6

HHs go to the river/creek to defecate.

Ninety-nine percent (99%) of the HHs use soap when washing hands.

7. Incidence of water and sanitation related diseases

Reported cases watsan-related diseases include:

22 HHs experienced diarrhea

2 HHs had cholera

2 HHs had Typhoid/Parathyroid

3 HH had dengue fever

8. Awareness and source of information on safe water, sanitation, and hygiene

Sixty seven percent (67%) of the households have heard or received message(s) on

WASH while 35% have not received any information on WASH.

Majority (294 HHs) said that their source of WASH information is through television;

283 HHs said from Barangay Health Workers; 187 HHs from schools, teachers, and

students. The rest through radio plugs, barangay assemblies, and family.

IV. Existing Water Supply Conditions

Existing Water Facility

Almost all HHs (5,385 HHs) have their own level I, being shared with other HHs without well.

Water from level I is used only for domestic purposes, not for drinking.

Drinking water is bought from peddlers.

There are 2 Level II water facilities, covering 16 barangays (523 HHs)

Water Service Providers

The CNWD (Camarines Norte Water District) covers 5 barangays, with 12 hours supply of water

daily. Sometimes, there is no water at all due to reasons not cited.

A. WATER QUALITY RISKS AND CONTAMINATION

B.

Water Quality Test, Treatment and Monitoring

For Level I water facilities

o for domestic use only, not for drinking

o No water quality test is being done because of the cost it would incur.

The Level II facilities care of CNWD

o have an unguarded water source and reservoir.

The Level II facilities care of BWSA

o are regularly monitored twice a year

Risks to Water Facilities/Systems

Transmission lines are vulnerable to flooding.

C. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES ON WATER ACCESS

Technical (staff, materials, design flaws)

BWASA has no capability of proper maintenance of the system

Repair and construction is being done by contractor and municipal engineering staff.

Financial (water tariff)

11

The water tariff is set to P50.00 monthly, but only about 50% of the residents is paying tariff.

Delinquent water concessioners don’t pay for the reason that they believe the water should be

given by the government to the people – for free.

Management Structure

As recognized by SB, the entity has no legal personality because it is yet to be registered to

government (SEC).

D. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND OBSERVATIONS

The municipality has ample source of water, but due to unavailability of affordable water

laboratory, owners of Level I and BWASA. water is not regularly monitored and tested

Most HHs, especially those relying on Level I, spent more expensive water from peddlers.

CNWD does not allow their potential customer barangays to have its own water system.

Sources are not well protected.

Water lines are being destroyed through the exposure of pipes.

IV. Existing Sanitation Conditions

A. EXISTING SITUATION OF SANITATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY

Total Population/HH access to sanitary toilets (in all 29 barangays)

6,727 HHs (95%) are using sanitary toilets

267 HHs are using unsanitary toilets.

664 HHs are without toilets and practice open defecation.

Sanitation Situation in Schools

Average ratio of CR to students is 1 toilet to 300 students (shared)

Average ration of CR to female students is 1 toilet to 85

Water is not available in these facilities (it is assumed that students do not practice proper

sanitation and hygiene)

Most of the time these toilets are locked

Drainage Facilities

No drainage facilities in most barangays

For a few barangays with drainage facilities, the hard structure is not completed and not

constructed correctly

Solid Waste Management

There is garbage collection in some barangays

There are barangay ordinances implemented for solid waste management but these are not being

followed

Other households practice garbage segregation, composting, burying, and burning.

VI. Assessing Disaster Preparedness Designated evacuation center(s) Designated evacuation centers with shared toilet facilities but with no available water connection Evacuation center in the MLGU with toilet facilities/water and stand by generator to pump water Evacuation centers not inspected by MGB There are inadequate supplies for sanitation and hygiene in the municipality during disasters.

12

The CCA/DRR component is least prioritized in terms of the municipal budget. There is lack/absence of technical point persons for water system operations. No data provided on assessment conducted on designated evacuation centers Conclusions:

Safe water, sanitation and hygiene not consciously integrated into DRRMP at the municipal and barangay level

There is a need for technical persons for water system operation

Designated evacuation facilities does not address the need to ensure availability of safe water, functional saitation facilities (genderized) and supplies for personal hygiene

Need for MGB inspection (designated evacuation facilities) VII. Gender and Development (GAD)

A. Project Identification Planning of Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Projects

1. KALAHI-CIDDS (by DSWD)

2. BUB-Water

3. 4Ps

4. Presence of ODA Instirution (c/o UNICEF)

B. Involvement of Women

Women are involved in collection of fees and policy making. In fact the president of

SPBAWASA is a woman.

But in most cases, the president of the BAWASA is a male. Based on research, women are

rarely considered for employment in water, sanitation and hygiene construction projects,

beyond areas in which women have traditionally been involved in administrative and financial

works. Most projects do not view women as potential workers.

Because engineers and laborers are men, the tendency is that they are the ones who decide

with regards to the designs and details of the project.

Women are not involved and have no participation.

Because women are not involved in the whole cycle of water projects, the designs are not

women-friendly, like for pregnant women and women with disability.

C. Disaggregation of Data

No sex-aggregated data, except for KALAHI project.

D. Involvement for Equality (Gender Analysis and Identification of Gender Issues)

No conscious effort to do GAD analysis in project development.

E. Resources

According to MSWDO, budget allocated for GAD is 5% of the total income of the municipality.

Funds were enough but according to MSWDO, outsourcing of funds is also done when funds

were not enough.

VIII. Governance and Institutional Building

(Barangay Level)

POLICY FRAMEWORK

Policies

13

Executive order number 7-2014 reconstituting the Barangay Ecological Solid Waste

Management Committee.

As regards to the sanitation, yearly budget is allocated for toilet bowls provision for 10

recipients.

Barangay Ordinance for every household to have comfort rooms (CRs) and backyard

gardening by purok with corresponding penalty for non-compliance.

Barangay Ordinance on Solid Waste and Management

Policies prohibiting the washing of clothes near the dam because this would endanger the

supply of safe water for drinking.

STRATEGIES

IEC on Water and Sanitation

Strict Implementation of Existing Water and Sanitation Policies and Ordinances (Systems and

Procedures)

Allocation of Funds for Water & Sanitation Programs/Projects/Activities

STRUCTURE

There is a WATSAN TWG and a WATSAN Council.

There is also the BAWASA, Tuaca Environmental Action Brigade, Inc., and; The KALIPI

(women’s organization).

All participants agreed that the Barangay Development Council is appropriate/functional

organizational structure for promoting access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene.

They also have the Barangay Health Management Council (BHMC) composed of the Punong

Barangay, Committee on Health, Midwife, BHW, BNS and purok leaders.

There are no duplications concerning roles and responsibilities but only multi-tasking, as for

instance the BNS is also the member of the Community Health Team. In addition, the

President of BAWASA is also a barangay kagawad.

SYSTEM

In their Annual Investment Plan (AIP), projects that need approved funding from the Municipal

Development Council (MDC) are supported with Barangay Resolutions. Other projects are

submitted either to Senators or to Congresspersons for financial assistance.

The BDC conducts general assemblies and public hearings to present the Barangay

Development Plan and Annual Investment Plan.

However, data are not disaggregated; for instance, the Youth Task Force has 10% allocation

of the budget.

(Municipal Level)

STRATEGIES

POLICY FRAMEWORK AND STRATEGIES

Ordinances/Policies/Resolutions

There are ordinances pertaining to the Solid Waste Management and the

UNICEF program on Hand Washing.

Health Sanitation Code

Development of Objectives/Goals

No data provided.

Strategies

Coordination with DILG on SALINTUBIG Project, and with DSWD on KALAHI Project.

Involvement of MPDC and CSOs in project planning and implementation

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STRUCTURES

Organizational Structures

There is an Environmental Sanitation Council, MPDC, and MENRO.

However, the MENRO and MPDO posts are vacated. No one from the municipality

would want to assume the post.

The municipality acknowledges that they lack the organizational capacity to enforce

WASH.

Internal communication within the municipality was also raised as an issue in the

implementation of WASH projects.

There is also a Local Health Board and Local School Board. Both are functional.

SYSTEM

The municipality follows a planning and budgeting calendar.

There is, however, a delay in reporting and general processing of plans in the local

councils.

Because of the overlapping of tasks, the municipal officers are burdened with having

to fulfill more than one or two roles at the same time. This affects their quality of work.

CSOs, through LPRAT, are ordered to be part of the identification of programs under

the AIP – whether accredited or not.

SHARED VALUES

Transparency in the implementation of WASH.

The planning and implementing process of the projects should be participatory.