MUNICIPALITY OF BASUD
Assessment Results and
Consolidated Data Analysis
PRO WATER: Promoting Integrated Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Access, Integrity, Empowerment, Rights and Resiliency
Joint Programme
Table of Contents
Page
I. Geographical Setting and Physical Characteristics 3 - 5
Location and Administrative Composition
Climate
Geology Topography
Land Use Natural
Hazards
II. Socio-Economic and Cultural Features 5 - 8
Demography
Local Economy
Financial
Income
Expenditures
Infrastructure
Transportation Network
Power Facilities
Education
Health & Service Facility
III. iWASH Household Survey Results 8-10
IV. Existing Water Supply Conditions 10-11
V. Existing Sanitation Conditions 11
VI. Assessing Disaster Preparedness 11-12
VII. Gender and Development (GAD) Mainstreaming in Project 12
identification, Planning, and Implementation of Safe Water,
Sanitation, and Hygiene
Time Use Tool
Sanitation & Hygiene
VIII. Governance and Institutional Building 12-13
Governance and Institutional Building
Sanitation & Hygiene
I. Geographical Setting and Physical Characteristics
Location
The Municipality of Basud is located in the southernmost part of the Province of
Camarines Norte. It lies within grid coordinates 1300 50’ to 1400 10’ latitude and 1220
50’ to 1230 10’ longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Municipalities of Daet, on
the south by the mountainous borders of the Municipalities of Lupi and Sipocot,
(Camarines Sur province); on the east by San Miguel Bay and the Municipality of
Mercedes; and on the west by the Municipality of San Lorenzo Ruiz (formerly Imelda).
It is about 5 km from the capital town of Daet and 193 km from Legazpi City, the
regional center of Region V, the Bicol Region.
Administrative Composition
The Municipality, having a total land area of 26,028 hectares (ha), is politically
subdivided into 29 barangays. Of the 29 barangays, two are urban: Poblacion 1 and
Poblacion 2. The rest, 27 barangays are rural. The urban barangays covers an
aggregate area of 215 ha or a mere 0.82 % of the total municipal area. Two barangays
are coastal, situated along San Miguel Bay: Mangcamagong and Taba-Taba
Table 1.1: Classification of Barangay
Barangay Urban/Rural
Angas Rural
Bactas Rural
Binatagan Rural
Caayunan Rural
Guinatungan Rural
Hinampacan Rural
Langa Rural
Laniton Rural
Lidong Rural
Mampili Rural
Mandazo Rural
Mangcamagong Rural
Manmuntay Rural
Mantugawe Rural
Matnog Rural
Mocong Rural
Oliva Rural
Pagsangahan Rural
Pinagwarasan Rural
Plaridel Rural
Poblacion1 Urban
Poblacion 2 Urban
SanFelipe Rural
San Jose Rural
3
San Pascual Rural
Taba-taba Rural
Tacad Rural
Taisan Rural
Tuaca Rural
Climate
Basud has Type II climate based on the Modified Coronas Classification with no definite
dry season and a very pronounced wet season. Rainfall occurs throughout the year
except during the month of March where no rainfall is observed. Almost 90 percent of
the typhoons which pass the Philippine area of responsibility affect the area.
Topography
The terrain of Basud is characterized by level to gently sloping areas and to moderately
sloping to rolling.
The urban barangays (Poblacion 1 and Poblacion 2) have a slope category of 0 to 3
percent. Of the rural barangays, Barangay Tuaca has the largest gently sloping to
undulating areas covering an area of 1,418 ha. Areas with slope of 18 to 30 percent
can be found in San Pascual (3.83 ha) and Tuaca (43.15 ha). Barangays Lidong, San
Pascual, and Tuaca also have areas with 30 to 50 percent slope (steep hill to
mountainous). Areas with above 50 percent slope or those that are mountainous with
very steep slopes can only be found in Barangay San Pascual with 5,167.02 ha.
Land Use
From the Strategic Agriculture and Fishery Development Zones (SAFDZ) program,
forestland or watershed areas dominates the Municipality that covers 46 percent of
the total land area (refer Table 1.2). Forestlands are generally located in the southern
part of the Municipality, specifically San Pascual where it serves as a boundary of the
Bicol National Park.
Table 1.2: Existing Land Use
Land Use Category Area in
Hectares
Percent in
Total
Integrated Crop Zones 1,021.31 3.9
Crop Zones 11,661.31 44.80
Watershed Areas 12,057.12 46.32
Fishery Zones 108.32 0.41
Built-up Areas 1,179.95 4.53
Total 26,028.01 100.00
4
Natural Hazards
Basud is traversed by rivers with small to modest catchment areas. These include
Basud, and Malagunot Rivers. The most prominent is the Basud River, which traverses
several barangays. Over-topping of the river bank may affect the barangays of San
Jose, Langga, Laniton, Mocong, Poblacion 1 and 2, Mampili and Hinampacan.
The 2010 Updated Philippine National Action Plan to Combat Desertification, Land
Degradation and Drought (DLDD) for fiscal year 2010‐2020 identified the most
vulnerable areas to drought. These include areas with Type I and III climate. Since Basud has Type II climate, it is less prone to drought.
The coastal barangays in the Municipality are vulnerable to storm surges these are the
barangays of Taba-taba, Mangcahagong and Lidong. In Basud, tsunamis have a high
level of hazard because they could hit the shoreline in less than 15 minutes with wave
heights in excess of 6 meters.
The Lake Bato Lineament and Guinyangan Fault are the closest earthquake generators
in Basud. Since Basud is located several kilometers from traces of active faults, no
ground rupture is expected to occur in the Municipality during earthquakes.
Part of Basud is identified by the PHIVOLCS as one of the areas susceptible to
liquefaction, particularly the floodplain of Basud River. This includes Poblacion 1 and
2, Hinampacan, Mampili, Mocong, Bagtas, Matnog, Laniton, Langga, Pagsangahan and
San Jose. Consideration against liquefaction should be made in siting water supply
structures, specifically elevated storage facilities.
II. Socio-Economic and Cultural Features
Demography
In 2010, the total population of the Municipality of Basud is 38,176 with an annual
population growth rate of 1.27 percent (2007-2010). The average household size is
4.6 lower than the national average of five. Majority of the population (84.95%) reside
in the 27 rural barangays, the rest are living in the two urban barangays Poblacion 1
& 2. (refer Table 2.1)
Table 2.1: Population by Barangay, Urban-Rural Distribution, 2010
Barangay Classification
(Urban/Rural) 2010
Population
Angas Rural 1,175
Bactas Rural 1,599
Binatagan Rural 397
Caayunan Rural 1,244
Guinatungan Rural 857
Hinampacan Rural 650
5
Langa Rural 830
Laniton Rural 1,490
Lidong Rural 401
Mampili Rural 1,110
Mandazo Rural 711
Mangcamagong Rural 1,400
Manmuntay Rural 669
Mantugawe Rural 1,056
Matnog Rural 2,963
Mocong Rural 847
Oliva Rural 928
Pagsangahan Rural 1,337
Pinagwarasan Rural 1,054
Plaridel Rural 1,089
Poblacion1 Urban 3,043
Poblacion 2 Urban 2,701
San Felipe Rural 3,282
San Jose Rural 995
San Pascual Rural 1,560
Taba-taba Rural 657
Tacad Rural 1,028
Taisan Rural 1,207
Tuaca Rural 1,896
TOTAL 38,176
Local Economy
There is high dependence on agriculture in the Municipality of Basud. The primary
means of livelihood here is farming, particularly farm labor. Some of the people thrive
on livestock and poultry raising, fishing and trading or entrepreneurship. Coconut oil
and pineapple fiber processing, various retail or wholesale outlets, lending institutions
and minor service centers provide alternative forms of employment. The few economic
opportunities would imply that household income is limited and seasonal. The
households have very limited capacities to generate more income and better livelihood.
Financial
Income
Year IRA Local Source Total
2010 64,724,910.00 4,763,678.572 69,488,588.57
2011 69,966,836.00 3,043,485.945 73,010,321.95
2012 67,890,624.00 3,930,317.214 71,820,941.21
2013 75,880,951.00 4,237,090.901 80,118,041.90
6
Expenditures
Year
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENDITURES (In Million)
TOTAL
OPERATING EXPENDI-
TURES
General
Public
Services
Education,
Culture &
Sports/
Manpower
Development
Health,
Nutrition &
Population
Control
Labor
and
Employ
ment
Housing
and
Commu
nity
Develop
ment
Social
Services
and
Social
Welfare
Econo-
mic
Services
Debt
Service
(FE)
(Interest
Expense
& Other
Charges)
2010 29.72 1.27 6.16 0.03 1.53 1.87 5.77 - 46.36
2011 36.89 0.39 6.45 - - 2.12 5.77 - 51.63
2012 39.97 0.47 6.89 - - 2.30 6.11 - 55.73
2013 44.42 0.45 7.24 - - 2.46 6.46 - 61.04
2014 36.84 0.56 7.79 - - 4.44 6.41 1.24 57.28
Year
TOTAL NON-OPERATING EXPENDITURES (In Million)
TOTAL NON-
OPERATING EXPENDI-
TURES
CAPITAL/ INVESTMENT EXPENDITURES DEBT SERVICE (Principal Cost)
Other
Non-
Operating
Expendi-
tures
CAPITAL/ INVESTM
ENT EXPENDI TURES
Purchase/ Construct
of Property Plant and Equipment (Assets/ Capital Outlay)
Purchase
of Debt
Securities
of Other
Entities
(Investme
nt Outlay)
Grant/ Make
Loan to Other
Entities (Inves- ment
Outlay)
DEBT SERVICE (Principal
Cost)
Payment of Loan
Amortiza- tion
Retirem
ent/ Redemp tion of Bonds/ Debt
Secur- ities
2010 12.84 12.84 - - 7.03 7.03 19.87
2011 10.39 10.39 - - 3.97 3.97 14.35
2012 12.13 12.13 - - 2.52 2.52 14.64
2013 29.10 29.10 - - 3.12 3.12 32.22
2014 20.19 20.19 - - 3.85 3.85 0.18 24.22 Source: Bureau of Local Government Finance
Infrastructure
• Transportation Network
The different barangays are linked to the town proper by two major roads: Maharlika
Highway and Provincial Road. As of 2010, Basud had a total road network of 180.163
km composed of 25.61 km of national road/Maharlika Highway, 47.37 km of provincial
road network, 6.447 km of municipal streets, and 105.735 km of barangay roads. Most
portions of the current road network have been constructed with provisions for good
drainage system and only the flood-prone areas are exposed to slight seasonal
floodings.
There are 18 national bridges, 14 provincial bridges, one 4-barrel box culvert, eight
old timber bridges, 15 barangay bridges and footbridges that connect the road
networks across the Municipality.
7
8
• Power Facilities
The Camarines Norte Electric Cooperative (CANORECO) provides the municipality
with power supply. As of 2010, there were 5,129 households served by CANORECO
while about 2,289 households remained unserved. Of the total households served,
3,158 (42.57 percent) were in rural areas while 1,971 (26.57 percent) were in the
urban areas.
• Communication Network
Telecommunications across the Municipality are made possible by Smart and
Globe. These companies have installed their own towers in Basud providing good
telecommunication signals even to the farthest barangays. Meanwhile, postal
services are being provided by the Philippine Postal Corporation with office located in
Poblacion
1. The LGU also operates a Community e-Center that offers affordable Internet access
and services, such as online surfing and research.
• Education
There are 26 elementary schools across the Municipality and four public secondary
schools. No institutional facilities for tertiary and advanced learning are present.
Health and Service Facility
Each of the 29 barangays has its own Barangay Health Station (BHS). Among these
health facilities, only two are in good condition: the BHS in Angas and the BHS in
Langga. Health personnel, however, are lacking. Only eight midwives conduct
extension services in all 29 BHS which are mostly in substandard condition.
Solid Waste Disposal Management
Methods of waste disposal in the Municipality include composting, recycling,
burning, and dumping in open pits. Collected and disposed wastes are often
unloaded in any of the following: open dump site, controlled dump site, and
sanitary landfill with a materials recovery facility (MRF). Uncollected garbage are
usually dumped in an open pit located in the backyard of individual households
III. iWASH Household Survey Results
A total of three-hundred seventy nine (379) households were surveyed using the iWASH
baseline survey tool. The following sections contain selected data results (based on generated
tables and diagrams by UNICEF) from the database. Majority of the data reflect the top two-
three responses of the HHs per survey question.
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1. Household Composition
Eighty-six percent (86%) of the households’ main income earners are males. Female
income earners account for 13% and combination of male/female income earners
account for 1%.
Ninety-two percent (92%) of the households who are responsible for day-to-day affairs
are women.
Ninety-nine percent (99%) of the households surveyed are not part of an indigenous
group (IP). The remaining 1% is part of an IP group.
The average number of families in a household is 1.
The average number of household members is 5.
2. Social Affiliations
Fifty nine percent (59%) of respondents belong and/or are members of a community
organization while forty one percent (41%) are not.
3. Household economic features
Majority of the HHs source of family income is farming (135 HHs); seasonal employment
(83 HHs) and fishing (44 HHs)
Majority of HHs annual family income is Php 20,000-40,000 (128 HHs) and Php 40,000-
60,000 (81 HHs).
Three-forty nine (349) HHs own their residences while 16 HHs are renting.
Two hundred eighty four (284) HHs are formal settlers (25 HHs have title or rights only
while 259 HHs have both); while 95 HHs are in formal settlers
Two hundred seventeen (217) HHs own backyard animals; 32 HHs own farm animals;
19 HHs own transport vehicles, 12 HHs own residential houses; while 91 HHs own none
of these.
4. Household exposure to natural hazards
Seventy four (74%) of households said that they are exposed to natural hazards while
twenty four percent (24%) said that they are not. The remaining 2% claimed to be
unaware if their household is exposed to natural hazards.
Of the HHs who answered yes, 70% said that their HHs experience tropical cyclones,
18% experience flooding, and 5% experience El Nino.
5. Household access to water supply and services
86 HHs said that their source of drinking water is from Level 2 Water facilities, while 60
HHs source are from deep well, 52 HHs from developed spring, 21 from Level 3
facilities, and 14 HHs from shallow wells.
For cooking purposes, 104 HHs use water from deep wells, 83 HHs use water from
Level 2 Water Facilities, 26 from Level 3 Water Facilities, and 53 HHs from developed
spring. The rest of the HHs use dug well and shallow well.
6. Household access to sanitation and hygiene practices
Ninety-four percent (94%) have toilets while 6% have none.
86 HHs have toilets located outside of the house while 267 HHs have toilets inside the
house. Only 2 HHs have toilets both inside and outside the house.
Three hundred forty six (346) HHs said that they have pour flush with septic tanks; a
few others have flush with septic tank, flush without septic tank, and pour flush without
septic tank.
Ninety two percent (92%) of the respondents said that they exclusively used their
toilets while eight percent (8%) are shared.
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Of the 6% HHs that do not have toilets, 18 of these HHs use the neighbors’ toilets; 6
HHs go to the river/creek to defecate.
Ninety-nine percent (99%) of the HHs use soap when washing hands.
7. Incidence of water and sanitation related diseases
Reported cases watsan-related diseases include:
22 HHs experienced diarrhea
2 HHs had cholera
2 HHs had Typhoid/Parathyroid
3 HH had dengue fever
8. Awareness and source of information on safe water, sanitation, and hygiene
Sixty seven percent (67%) of the households have heard or received message(s) on
WASH while 35% have not received any information on WASH.
Majority (294 HHs) said that their source of WASH information is through television;
283 HHs said from Barangay Health Workers; 187 HHs from schools, teachers, and
students. The rest through radio plugs, barangay assemblies, and family.
IV. Existing Water Supply Conditions
Existing Water Facility
Almost all HHs (5,385 HHs) have their own level I, being shared with other HHs without well.
Water from level I is used only for domestic purposes, not for drinking.
Drinking water is bought from peddlers.
There are 2 Level II water facilities, covering 16 barangays (523 HHs)
Water Service Providers
The CNWD (Camarines Norte Water District) covers 5 barangays, with 12 hours supply of water
daily. Sometimes, there is no water at all due to reasons not cited.
A. WATER QUALITY RISKS AND CONTAMINATION
B.
Water Quality Test, Treatment and Monitoring
For Level I water facilities
o for domestic use only, not for drinking
o No water quality test is being done because of the cost it would incur.
The Level II facilities care of CNWD
o have an unguarded water source and reservoir.
The Level II facilities care of BWSA
o are regularly monitored twice a year
Risks to Water Facilities/Systems
Transmission lines are vulnerable to flooding.
C. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES ON WATER ACCESS
Technical (staff, materials, design flaws)
BWASA has no capability of proper maintenance of the system
Repair and construction is being done by contractor and municipal engineering staff.
Financial (water tariff)
11
The water tariff is set to P50.00 monthly, but only about 50% of the residents is paying tariff.
Delinquent water concessioners don’t pay for the reason that they believe the water should be
given by the government to the people – for free.
Management Structure
As recognized by SB, the entity has no legal personality because it is yet to be registered to
government (SEC).
D. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND OBSERVATIONS
The municipality has ample source of water, but due to unavailability of affordable water
laboratory, owners of Level I and BWASA. water is not regularly monitored and tested
Most HHs, especially those relying on Level I, spent more expensive water from peddlers.
CNWD does not allow their potential customer barangays to have its own water system.
Sources are not well protected.
Water lines are being destroyed through the exposure of pipes.
IV. Existing Sanitation Conditions
A. EXISTING SITUATION OF SANITATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY
Total Population/HH access to sanitary toilets (in all 29 barangays)
6,727 HHs (95%) are using sanitary toilets
267 HHs are using unsanitary toilets.
664 HHs are without toilets and practice open defecation.
Sanitation Situation in Schools
Average ratio of CR to students is 1 toilet to 300 students (shared)
Average ration of CR to female students is 1 toilet to 85
Water is not available in these facilities (it is assumed that students do not practice proper
sanitation and hygiene)
Most of the time these toilets are locked
Drainage Facilities
No drainage facilities in most barangays
For a few barangays with drainage facilities, the hard structure is not completed and not
constructed correctly
Solid Waste Management
There is garbage collection in some barangays
There are barangay ordinances implemented for solid waste management but these are not being
followed
Other households practice garbage segregation, composting, burying, and burning.
VI. Assessing Disaster Preparedness Designated evacuation center(s) Designated evacuation centers with shared toilet facilities but with no available water connection Evacuation center in the MLGU with toilet facilities/water and stand by generator to pump water Evacuation centers not inspected by MGB There are inadequate supplies for sanitation and hygiene in the municipality during disasters.
12
The CCA/DRR component is least prioritized in terms of the municipal budget. There is lack/absence of technical point persons for water system operations. No data provided on assessment conducted on designated evacuation centers Conclusions:
Safe water, sanitation and hygiene not consciously integrated into DRRMP at the municipal and barangay level
There is a need for technical persons for water system operation
Designated evacuation facilities does not address the need to ensure availability of safe water, functional saitation facilities (genderized) and supplies for personal hygiene
Need for MGB inspection (designated evacuation facilities) VII. Gender and Development (GAD)
A. Project Identification Planning of Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Projects
1. KALAHI-CIDDS (by DSWD)
2. BUB-Water
3. 4Ps
4. Presence of ODA Instirution (c/o UNICEF)
B. Involvement of Women
Women are involved in collection of fees and policy making. In fact the president of
SPBAWASA is a woman.
But in most cases, the president of the BAWASA is a male. Based on research, women are
rarely considered for employment in water, sanitation and hygiene construction projects,
beyond areas in which women have traditionally been involved in administrative and financial
works. Most projects do not view women as potential workers.
Because engineers and laborers are men, the tendency is that they are the ones who decide
with regards to the designs and details of the project.
Women are not involved and have no participation.
Because women are not involved in the whole cycle of water projects, the designs are not
women-friendly, like for pregnant women and women with disability.
C. Disaggregation of Data
No sex-aggregated data, except for KALAHI project.
D. Involvement for Equality (Gender Analysis and Identification of Gender Issues)
No conscious effort to do GAD analysis in project development.
E. Resources
According to MSWDO, budget allocated for GAD is 5% of the total income of the municipality.
Funds were enough but according to MSWDO, outsourcing of funds is also done when funds
were not enough.
VIII. Governance and Institutional Building
(Barangay Level)
POLICY FRAMEWORK
Policies
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Executive order number 7-2014 reconstituting the Barangay Ecological Solid Waste
Management Committee.
As regards to the sanitation, yearly budget is allocated for toilet bowls provision for 10
recipients.
Barangay Ordinance for every household to have comfort rooms (CRs) and backyard
gardening by purok with corresponding penalty for non-compliance.
Barangay Ordinance on Solid Waste and Management
Policies prohibiting the washing of clothes near the dam because this would endanger the
supply of safe water for drinking.
STRATEGIES
IEC on Water and Sanitation
Strict Implementation of Existing Water and Sanitation Policies and Ordinances (Systems and
Procedures)
Allocation of Funds for Water & Sanitation Programs/Projects/Activities
STRUCTURE
There is a WATSAN TWG and a WATSAN Council.
There is also the BAWASA, Tuaca Environmental Action Brigade, Inc., and; The KALIPI
(women’s organization).
All participants agreed that the Barangay Development Council is appropriate/functional
organizational structure for promoting access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene.
They also have the Barangay Health Management Council (BHMC) composed of the Punong
Barangay, Committee on Health, Midwife, BHW, BNS and purok leaders.
There are no duplications concerning roles and responsibilities but only multi-tasking, as for
instance the BNS is also the member of the Community Health Team. In addition, the
President of BAWASA is also a barangay kagawad.
SYSTEM
In their Annual Investment Plan (AIP), projects that need approved funding from the Municipal
Development Council (MDC) are supported with Barangay Resolutions. Other projects are
submitted either to Senators or to Congresspersons for financial assistance.
The BDC conducts general assemblies and public hearings to present the Barangay
Development Plan and Annual Investment Plan.
However, data are not disaggregated; for instance, the Youth Task Force has 10% allocation
of the budget.
(Municipal Level)
STRATEGIES
POLICY FRAMEWORK AND STRATEGIES
Ordinances/Policies/Resolutions
There are ordinances pertaining to the Solid Waste Management and the
UNICEF program on Hand Washing.
Health Sanitation Code
Development of Objectives/Goals
No data provided.
Strategies
Coordination with DILG on SALINTUBIG Project, and with DSWD on KALAHI Project.
Involvement of MPDC and CSOs in project planning and implementation
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STRUCTURES
Organizational Structures
There is an Environmental Sanitation Council, MPDC, and MENRO.
However, the MENRO and MPDO posts are vacated. No one from the municipality
would want to assume the post.
The municipality acknowledges that they lack the organizational capacity to enforce
WASH.
Internal communication within the municipality was also raised as an issue in the
implementation of WASH projects.
There is also a Local Health Board and Local School Board. Both are functional.
SYSTEM
The municipality follows a planning and budgeting calendar.
There is, however, a delay in reporting and general processing of plans in the local
councils.
Because of the overlapping of tasks, the municipal officers are burdened with having
to fulfill more than one or two roles at the same time. This affects their quality of work.
CSOs, through LPRAT, are ordered to be part of the identification of programs under
the AIP – whether accredited or not.
SHARED VALUES
Transparency in the implementation of WASH.
The planning and implementing process of the projects should be participatory.
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