Muhammad

Mohammed

Battle of Tours in Spain

More trade= more cultural diffusion from Middle East to Europe and China

Ten commandments

Bell Ringer

What are the Codes of Conduct for Christians

and Jews called?

What is the MAJOR long term Effect of the

Crusades?

The Muslim advance was halted at what

Battle?

Who was the founder of Islam?

Islam’s Golden Age

ReviewFounder `

Holy Book Quran, Qu’ran, Koran

Location Arabian Peninsula

Code of Conduct Five Pillars

Place of Worship Mosques

How many god(s)?

Monotheistic-- one

Five Pillars

1) “There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is His prophet”

2) Pray 5 times daily towards Mecca3) Charity for the poor

4) Fast during the month of Ramadan5) Pilgrimage (the Hajj)

No Icons

Muslims are forbidden to use human images in religious art. They do not even have a drawing or representation of Allah or Mohammed.

Some secular art depict Muslims praying and images of humans.

Instead of human figures Muslims use flowing calligraphy and geometric shapes

Important people

Caliph: Successor of Muhammad; leader of religious community

Imam: Leader of prayer

Muezzin: Caller to prayer

Spread of IslamAfter Muhammad's death Islamic leaders began spreading Islam through military conquest.

In under 100 years the Islamic empire spread from the Arabian peninsula to India, North Africa and Spain

Fast Spread

The Muslims were able to quickly take over for 3 main reasons:

1) Strong military2) Weak empires3) Faith

Strong MilitaryThe Muslims developed strong militaries with mounted warriors. Riding on camels and horses, the Muslims were able to take over the weak empires surrounding them.

The Muslims were highly Mobile- they move quickly

Weak Empires

The Persian and Byzantine empires were growing weak after many years of dominance.

The Muslims were able to quicklymove throughout the Mediterranean world

FaithMuhammad told his followers to spread their faith. Though he claimed it should be done without force. Many people freely converted to Islam

Warriors were also told that the Fallen would be guaranteed a place in paradise.

SchismSchism:

A permanent split within a religion

After Muhammad’s death there was a debate over who should lead the Muslims

Some believed it should be a descendant of Muhammad. Others believed the Islamic community should decide.

Which is the Majority?

Green: SunniBlue: Shiite

Sunni vs. ShiiteSunni Both Shiite

Caliph should be chosen by the community

Majority of Muslims: 90%

Monotheistic: Allah

Quran

Five Pillars

Caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad

Martyrs for their cause

Sharia LawOver time Islamic scholars and officials created Sharia Law. This law code was determined from the teachings of Muhammad and traditional beliefs.

Sharia law dictates moral conduct, family life, business rules, and government

Religious and secular together

West vs. ShariaSharia law is widely misunderstood by the West. Most Westerners are appalled by the acts of brutality carried out under Sharia Law. They are also shocked by the restrictions on women and children.

Ruling Dynasties

Abbassids 750-1258 CE

-Conquered Damascus and overthrew the Umayyad dynasty

-Reforms and strong central government brought in a Golden Age

Islam’s Golden AgeBlend of Persian, Egyptian, Arabic and European cultures

Cultural diffusion was sparked by trade. Muslim merchants were highly honored and build vast trading networks. As they traded Islam was spread, and all Muslims spoke Arabic, making trade easier

Goods would travel from the Arabian peninsula to the East and West

Arabic numerals Arabian Peninsula sugar

Islam Golden Age- Art/architecture

Art:-No human images- used geometric shapes -Flowing Arabic script written in calligraphy

Architecture:-Mosques are built with elaborate Domes and Spires

Islam Golden Age- Literature

Great poems and Epics were spread through generations orally. Over time many of these stories are written down. The most famous collection is One Thousand and One Nights

This collection includes Aladdin and Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves

6:15

Islam Golden Age- LearningBaghdad becomes a center of learning

Muslim scholars studied the classics of Greek Philosophy

Developed Algebra

Used math to discover the circumference of the World

What does circumference mean? What does it tell you that the Arab scholars figured out the World’s circumference?

Islam Golden Age- Medicine

Muslim doctors were required to get educated and earn a license before practicing medicine.

The Government paid for hospitals and medical centers

The Arabs discovered over 4,000 ways to treat illness

While the Muslim doctors made medical advances, the European doctors were still stuck in the Middle

Ages. Islamic doctors treated wounds with medicine, herbs and skill. European doctors drained

blood and cut off limbs