MR. LIPMAN’S APUS MR. LIPMAN’S APUS POWERPOINT POWERPOINT CHAPTER 35CHAPTER 35

World War IIWorld War II

Keys to the ChapterKeys to the Chapter

Get Germany First Get Germany First Suspension of Civil Rights at HomeSuspension of Civil Rights at Home War Production Board (economy)War Production Board (economy) Increased Taxation and Deficit SpendingIncreased Taxation and Deficit Spending Executive Order on DiscriminationExecutive Order on Discrimination Key Military BattlesKey Military Battles The Big 3 Conferences (The Big 3 Conferences (Teheran, Yalta & PotsdamTeheran, Yalta & Potsdam)) V-E Day and V-J DayV-E Day and V-J Day

Attack on Pearl Harbor unites country but Attack on Pearl Harbor unites country but America needs military provisions and America needs military provisions and supplies.supplies.

Despite attack by Japanese, it is agreed Despite attack by Japanese, it is agreed that stopping Hitler takes priority that stopping Hitler takes priority

Suspension of Civil Rights – Japanese Suspension of Civil Rights – Japanese Americans Americans

Japanese-Americans in an Japanese-Americans in an Internment CampInternment Camp

Korematsu v. US (1944) Korematsu v. US (1944) • Upheld constitutionality of Japanese internmentUpheld constitutionality of Japanese internment

1988 – US government apologized 1988 – US government apologized Payment of $20,000 made to each survivor Payment of $20,000 made to each survivor

Non-citizen Germans and Italians were also Non-citizen Germans and Italians were also forced to register.forced to register.

US economy changed because of the warUS economy changed because of the war

Run by War Production Board Run by War Production Board Massive military orders ended Depression Massive military orders ended Depression

*Manufacture of nonessential items stopped *Manufacture of nonessential items stopped

• National speed limit; gasoline rationing National speed limit; gasoline rationing • Synthetic rubber factories Synthetic rubber factories

Farm laborers left to work in factories Farm laborers left to work in factories Machinery increases productivity Machinery increases productivity Problems include inflation; rationing; wage Problems include inflation; rationing; wage

controls on workers; anti-strike lawscontrols on workers; anti-strike laws

US Wartime ProductionUS Wartime Production

Women and the warWomen and the war 6 million women worked outside home 6 million women worked outside home

• Government-run day-care centersGovernment-run day-care centers• Experienced new freedomExperienced new freedom

After war many women left labor force After war many women left labor force • Some forced out to make room for men Some forced out to make room for men • Suburban family life and baby boom after warSuburban family life and baby boom after war

Bracero ProgramBracero Program brings Mexican farm workers into brings Mexican farm workers into California to replace field hands who left for warCalifornia to replace field hands who left for war

““Rosie the Rosie the Riveter”Riveter”

does “her” does “her” part for the part for the war effortwar effort

Race became national issueRace became national issue Blacks start to demand equality Blacks start to demand equality

(employment, housing, end segregation) (employment, housing, end segregation)

A. Philip RandolphA. Philip Randolph threatened march on threatened march on Washington to demand equal opportunities Washington to demand equal opportunities • FDR issued executive order FDR issued executive order

Blacks drafted but subject to segregationBlacks drafted but subject to segregation

Double “V”Double “V” – victory over dictators abroad – victory over dictators abroad and racism at home and racism at home

Postwar migration of African Americans Postwar migration of African Americans

1940s – 1970s – 1/2 of all blacks gave up 1940s – 1970s – 1/2 of all blacks gave up South for urban centers in North South for urban centers in North

• Many Native Americans leave Many Native Americans leave reservations for war work or reservations for war work or military servicemilitary service

War Introduces the Era of Big GovernmentWar Introduces the Era of Big Government Paying for the war ($330B)Paying for the war ($330B)

Income tax Income tax • Expanded to tax 4 times number of people Expanded to tax 4 times number of people • Raised to high of 90% (on the very rich) Raised to high of 90% (on the very rich) • Debt increased from $49 to $259 billion during warDebt increased from $49 to $259 billion during war

Introduction of “warfare-welfare state” Introduction of “warfare-welfare state” • Postwar economy continued to depend Postwar economy continued to depend

dangerously on war spending for its healthdangerously on war spending for its health

The National Debt, 1930–1950The National Debt, 1930–1950

Military Aspect of WWIIMilitary Aspect of WWII Japan’s early successes in the Pacific:Japan’s early successes in the Pacific:

Guam, Wake, and Philippines Guam, Wake, and Philippines Hong Kong Hong Kong British Malaya (rubber and tin) British Malaya (rubber and tin) Burma Burma Dutch East-Indies (oil) Dutch East-Indies (oil) Philippines (April, 1942) and MacArthur vows Philippines (April, 1942) and MacArthur vows

“return”“return”• Bataan Death March follows capture of islandsBataan Death March follows capture of islands

US Prisoners Carrying Soldiers Who Had Dropped US Prisoners Carrying Soldiers Who Had Dropped Along the Way on the Bataan Death MarchAlong the Way on the Bataan Death March

USA TURNS THE TIDE IN THE PACIFICUSA TURNS THE TIDE IN THE PACIFIC

Coral Sea in May, 1942Coral Sea in May, 1942

Midway, June 1942 Midway, June 1942

Guadalcanal, landing August, 1942, but not Guadalcanal, landing August, 1942, but not capture until February, 1943capture until February, 1943

Losses were 10 (Jap) to 1 (U.S.)–Losses were 10 (Jap) to 1 (U.S.)– 20,000 to 1,700 on Guadalcanal20,000 to 1,700 on Guadalcanal

World War II in the Pacific, World War II in the Pacific, 1941-19421941-1942

Leapfrogging (aka island hopping) strategy Leapfrogging (aka island hopping) strategy Bypass heavily fortified Japanese islandsBypass heavily fortified Japanese islands

Attack Japanese bases with heavy bombingAttack Japanese bases with heavy bombing

Taking every island would have taken Taking every island would have taken much longer and cost many more lives much longer and cost many more lives

SITUATION IN EUROPE - Fall of 1942SITUATION IN EUROPE - Fall of 1942 Air bombing raids hit inside GermanyAir bombing raids hit inside Germany Allies push back Allies push back RommelRommel in North Africa in North Africa Russians stop German troops from advancing Russians stop German troops from advancing

past past StalingradStalingrad and Hitler makes big mistake and Hitler makes big mistake in not allowing Germans to retreat and in not allowing Germans to retreat and regroup.regroup.

Despite success FDR unable to keep promise Despite success FDR unable to keep promise of opening a second front in Europe to help of opening a second front in Europe to help RussiaRussia

Germans Germans Stopped at Stopped at

Stalingrad Winter Stalingrad Winter 1942-431942-43----------------------

This will become This will become the turning point the turning point of the war on the of the war on the

Eastern FrontEastern Front

November 1942 – Operation Torch November 1942 – Operation Torch Eisenhower led Allied forces to victory in North AfricaEisenhower led Allied forces to victory in North Africa

Allies move to Southern Europe in 1943Allies move to Southern Europe in 1943 August 1943 – Italy surrendered August 1943 – Italy surrendered September 1943 – German troops rescue Mussolini September 1943 – German troops rescue Mussolini

from exile and put him back in power in northern Italy from exile and put him back in power in northern Italy where German troops control country. Italy itself where German troops control country. Italy itself switches sides and joins the Allies but doesn’t mean switches sides and joins the Allies but doesn’t mean much since Germany controls the Country. much since Germany controls the Country.

Germany will not surrender Italy until May, 1945Germany will not surrender Italy until May, 1945

The “Big 3” at Teheran (IRAN) in November 1943- The “Big 3” at Teheran (IRAN) in November 1943- Agreement on 2nd Front & future Russian help with JapanAgreement on 2nd Front & future Russian help with Japan

D-Day: June 6, 1944D-Day: June 6, 1944

4,600 ships across English Channel 4,600 ships across English Channel Germans believed attack would come further northGermans believed attack would come further north Allies blocked reinforcements by railroad Allies blocked reinforcements by railroad

Allied troops slowly move in to France and Allied troops slowly move in to France and eventually drive to Germany eventually drive to Germany August 1944 – Paris liberated August 1944 – Paris liberated Non stop bombing of Germany will begin in fall 1944Non stop bombing of Germany will begin in fall 1944

Invasion of Normandy, June 6, 1944Invasion of Normandy, June 6, 1944

Battle of the Battle of the BulgeBulge

Dec. 1944–Dec. 1944–Jan. 1945Jan. 1945--------------------------Germany’s Germany’s Last GaspLast Gasp

Bombed-Out Berlin, May 1945Bombed-Out Berlin, May 1945

Soviet Soldiers Raise Flag of USSR Soviet Soldiers Raise Flag of USSR over the Reichstag in Berlinover the Reichstag in Berlin

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler and Eva Braunand Eva Braun

--------------------------------They will both They will both commit suicide commit suicide April 30April 30thth in the in the

“Bunker”“Bunker”----------------------

18 days after 18 days after death of FDRdeath of FDR

The Holocaust The Holocaust Troops find evidence of the murder of 12 Troops find evidence of the murder of 12

million people (including 6 million Jews) million people (including 6 million Jews) US had known of genocide, but not the extent US had known of genocide, but not the extent Allies had done little to help the Jews Allies had done little to help the Jews

• Barred Jewish immigrants who sought to escape Barred Jewish immigrants who sought to escape

May 7, 1945 – Germany surrendered unconditionally May 7, 1945 – Germany surrendered unconditionally

May 8, 1945 – V-E (Victory in Europe) DayMay 8, 1945 – V-E (Victory in Europe) Day

Liberated Concentration Camp PrisonersLiberated Concentration Camp Prisonersseveral days after being fedseveral days after being fed

Victims of Victims of the the

Holocaust Holocaust

Awaiting Awaiting BurialBurial

German Concentration CampsGerman Concentration Camps

Battles in the PacificBattles in the Pacific

US surrounds JapanUS surrounds Japan Islands used as bases to attack from the airIslands used as bases to attack from the air March 1945 – island of Iwo JimaMarch 1945 – island of Iwo Jima

• Fierce fighting left 4,000 US casualties Fierce fighting left 4,000 US casualties

April – June 1945 – island of OkinawaApril – June 1945 – island of Okinawa• Japanese fight fiercely; 50,000 US casualties Japanese fight fiercely; 50,000 US casualties • Japanese Kamikaze pilots used against ships Japanese Kamikaze pilots used against ships

Raising the American Flag on Iwo Jima Raising the American Flag on Iwo Jima {the second time}{the second time}

Atlee, Truman, and Stalin at Potsdam- July Atlee, Truman, and Stalin at Potsdam- July 1945- Planning for Japan Invasion1945- Planning for Japan Invasion

The Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project FDR approved it in early 1940 FDR approved it in early 1940 $2 billion spent $2 billion spent Use exiled scientists from Europe Use exiled scientists from Europe July 16, 1945 – first atomic bomb tried New July 16, 1945 – first atomic bomb tried New

Mexico Mexico Germany tried but abandoned similar project Germany tried but abandoned similar project War against Germany ended before bomb War against Germany ended before bomb

was readywas ready

DEBATE CONTINUES SHOULD WE HAVE DEBATE CONTINUES SHOULD WE HAVE INVADED OR RIGHT TO DROP BOMBS?INVADED OR RIGHT TO DROP BOMBS?

Arguments for use of BombArguments for use of Bomb

Japanese refused to surrender. Estimated an Japanese refused to surrender. Estimated an invasion would be needed to end the war. invasion would be needed to end the war.

Estimated invasion would take up to 2 years. Estimated invasion would take up to 2 years.

Estimated Allied casualties at 1 million Estimated Allied casualties at 1 million

Japanese leaders told of power and nature of Japanese leaders told of power and nature of the bomb and offered a chance to surrender the bomb and offered a chance to surrender but declined. but declined.

Arguments against use of BombArguments against use of Bomb

"Little Boy" and "Fat Man" were untested "Little Boy" and "Fat Man" were untested

Both cities were not military targets and many civilians Both cities were not military targets and many civilians would be killed.would be killed.

Radiation poisoning, birth defects and contamination Radiation poisoning, birth defects and contamination would have negative effects on the population.would have negative effects on the population.

Would set a precedent about using weapons of mass Would set a precedent about using weapons of mass destruction as allowable in wardestruction as allowable in war

Fat Man and Little BoyFat Man and Little Boy

Destruction in Hiroshima 9/6/45Destruction in Hiroshima 9/6/45

Death and Injury from BombsDeath and Injury from Bombs

August 8, 1945 – USSR enters the war against August 8, 1945 – USSR enters the war against Japan and Japan surrenders August 14thJapan and Japan surrenders August 14th

Exact date previously agreed upon by Allies Exact date previously agreed upon by Allies (90 days after fall of Germany) (90 days after fall of Germany)

Soviet armies grab land in Manchuria and Soviet armies grab land in Manchuria and Korea for post war territorial influenceKorea for post war territorial influence

Stalin wanted armies in Asia to have voice in Stalin wanted armies in Asia to have voice in peace settlement after war peace settlement after war • {could he see the cold war coming?}{could he see the cold war coming?}

August August 14, 14,

19451945

V-J Day V-J Day in in

Times Times SquareSquare

Japan Official Surrender: September 2, 1945Japan Official Surrender: September 2, 1945

Human Cost of World War IIHuman Cost of World War II