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BIOENERGY IN FINLAND

Juha Rautanen, Motiva OyHelsinki

28.2.2008, TallinBiomass & Bioenergy 2008

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FINNISH PERSPECTIVE ON BIOENERGY

• Motiva - A Brief Introduction

• Energy Use and Production in Finland

• Bioenergy in Finland

• Wood Energy

• Agro based energy

• Other Bioenergy

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MOTIVA OY,Expertise and Project Services

• to promote energy efficiency

• to accelerate the use of renewable

energy sources

• to promote efficient use of materials

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Motiva’s history

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Target Groups of Motiva

• Industry, power stations, district and local

heating plants

• Service sector including municipalities

• Properties and buildings

• Households and consumers

• Networks

(e.g. regional energy agencies, energy

auditors, biomass heat entrepreneurs)

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Greenhouse gas emissions by source in Finland year 2004

50,9%

17,7%

21,5%

9,8%0,2% Fugitive emissions

Households,services etc.

Transport

Industry'senergy production

Energy production

Industrial processes 7,1 %

Solvents, etc.0,1 %

Agriculture 6,9 %

Waste 3,3 %

Other 0,4 %

Energy82,2 %

Without Land Use, Land Use Changes and Forestry (LULUCF)Greenhouse gas emissions for 2005 will be published in 2007.

Energyproduction

Source: Statistical Yearbook of Finland 2006. Statistics Finland

Energy Use and Production in Finland

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Total energy consumption 2006

Source: Statistics Finland, Energy Statistics

~50%FOSSILENERGY

1/3 DOMESTIC

ENERGY

1 492 000 TJ

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Renewable energy sources, Use 2006

Source: Ministry of Employment and the Economy and Statistics Finland, Energy Statistics

Wood fuels used inindustry and energyproduction

Black Liquor of the Forest industry

Small Combustion of Wood 13%

Hydro Power

Others 4%

Waste Fuels (Bio)

Biogas

Other Biofuels

Heat Pumps

Wind Power

365 000 TJ

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Development of Renewable Energy Sources 1970-2005

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

0

100

200

300

400PJ

Hydro power

Small combustion of wood

Black liquor and other concentrated liquors

Wood fuels use in industry and energy production

Heat pumps

Recovered fuels (bio-fraction)

Other biofuels

Source: Statistics Finland – Yearbook 2006

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Renewables in Finland, from 28% to 38% 2020

•R&D and demonstration of new technologies

•Implementation of EU directives (RES-E, RES-T, CHP etc.)

•Subsidies for energy investments

•Subsidies for RES-heating systems of residential buildings

•Support for energy wood harvesting and chipping

•Support for RES-E through energy taxation system

•Feed-in tariffs and green certificates under consideration

•Information activities

Measures to promote Renewable Energy Generation in Finland

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BIOENERGY IN FINLAND Woodenergy, potential

Development of the standing timber stock 1800—2006

Source: Finnish Forest Association, forest.fi

Over2 Billion m3

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Now

Energy Biomass Energy Biomass Potential in FinlandPotential in Finland

milj. m3 / a

Biomass PotentialTheoretical

45 milj. m3 / a100 %

Harvestable maximal

15 milj. m3 / a33 %

Target 2010, Energiestrategie

5,0 milj m3 / a 11 %

3,5 milj m3 / a5,6 %

20032,1 milj m3 / a

4,7 %

From: P. Hakkila

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Forest Residues, Forest Residues, Development of use Development of use

Energy production in FinlandEnergy production in Finland

3

1

2

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

milj. m3 / a

IndustryEnergy

Whole trees (small)Delimbed small trees

Logging residues

Stump-root wood

Lähteet. VTT ja Metla

2020

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Potential of logging residues

See also:http://www.mmm.fi/attachments/5eWDKveQh/5oeTd6WHv/Files/CurrentFile/Climate_Change_Adaptation_Research_Programme_ISTO_eng.pdf

http://books.google.com/books?id=LimXAwAACAAJ&dq=Silvicultural+Managment+of+European

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There are 70 000 – 60 000 farms in Finland• number of farms is decreasing

Agricultural field area ca. 2 milj. ha•the field area, not decreasing

Potential for agro energy production max. 500 000 ha

Agricultural Energy

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Agricultural BioenergySources

Reed Canary Grass (Falaris) (17.000 ha)

Biogas (Reaktors 3+7 kpl)

Cereals (R&D)– biodiesel, ethanol, heating

Agri biomass fields in Finland 2006 ha

Falaris arundinaceae 15763 Ripe Seed 821Oats 346Barley 37Hemp 36Wheat 31Rye 25Salix 7

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Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) and Straw

• Production • Falaris: Agricultural fields and peatland fields

17.000 ha

Harvesting in springtime

• Straw: Available straw R&D

– Schedule

– Weather

– Storage

• Energy recovery• Falaris:

Co-Combustion in big power and heating plants

• Straw: In test: Co-Combustion with coal

Some Danish straw boilers

Kuva: Ruokohelpipaaleja Kokkolassa K Pahkala

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Biodiesel

Biorefinery

Better use and processing of raw-materials and wastestreams to produce current and new productsLauri Hetemäki METLA / August 14, 2007

Forest industry• two biodiesel-projects started

Small (farm) size Biodiesel Plants, 10-20

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Innovation Ethanol From Food Waste

The energy enterprise St1 has started

producing ethanol in Finland.

• Ethanol is produced from waste generated by the food

processing industry

• In the place of origin of the waste.

• The new method makes ethanol production profitable

even on a small scale.

Process developed by

VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland)

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BIOGAS

There are near 10 Agricultural biogas plants in Finland

Agricultural biogas production - problems

– NIB

– Enviroment, fields for the sludge, odours/smell

– R&D

Production, utilisation, trading:

Own CHP use, trade of e-power and/or biogas

Feed-In Tariff for Biogas plants < 20 MW 2008

Waste water treatment plants (biogas since over100 years)

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It is nice to have BIOENERGY!Isn’t it?!

More information on new direction of energy-use:

www.motiva.fi/en