FA Forest Oy- Ash handling -

FA Forest Oy (2012)

Development of company

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

LVHlö

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

T-4000TuhkasoraBT-300

- Established 1995- Owned by private persons- Begun with aerial spreading of fertilizers, trials with ash 1995 ->, in

practical scale 2000->

Matovaara Valtimo

Pk.xcf

Non fertilized area

Ash fertilized area

About 5t/ha

Ash fertilized and thinned area

Distances in Finland

Ahonkylän tuhkan hankinta

Viitasaaren tuhkan hankinta

Logisticts to forest- Peatlands

- Mineral soils is under development (with urea)

Logistics- Helicopters

- Loading equipment- 1400kg sacks- Micronutrient fertilizer BT-300

- Tractors- As loose granulated ash

Liming in environmental catastrophes and spreading of chemical fertilizers

1-5 vuotta 6-10 vuotta 11-21 vuotta0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Kontrolli

Urea

Typpituhka

Growth in Peatland

Additional increment 0,5-8 m3 ha-1 a-1

- normally 2-4 m3 ha-1 a-1

- duration of effect over 20v (Growth in Ruukki – FFRI experiment, 4t DW/ha) (Metla,

Moilanen)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

6 vuotta 12 vuotta 18 vuotta

Aika lannoituksesta

tilav

uusk

asvu

m3 /h

a/v

Kontrolli

PK

Tuhka

Frost insulation- Dilute ashes, when not suitable to

fertilizer use

- Non-hazardous to environment- As granulated – solubility is lower

- Easy to store and construct

- Good as insulation- Even 1m thinner structure of road

- Bearing about as coarse sand / moraine- Lower need for gravel

27.10.8.11.

20.11.2.12.

14.12.

26.12.7.1.

19.1.31.1.

12.2.24.2.

7.3.19.3.

31.3.12.4.

24.4.6.5.

18.5.0

20406080

100120140160180

Ca content

Date

g /

kg

• Ash gravel vs. ordinary

RegulationsQuickly developing and changing

Confusing, uncertain and sometimes conflicting

Laws related to using ash and ash production:Law on Environmental protection ja –decrees, National law of waste, waste

directive and End of Waste-criterias, Decision dumping sites, Waste taxation, Sideproducts, Direction on using ash (as waste) to soil construction, Safety

Products are regulated by:Law of fertilizers and directions,

- different products to silvi- and agriculture- REACH, (Mixed ashes)- CE-, - Law on radiation

Recommendations for sideproducts (Trafic administratives, Concrete industry, Asphalt industry)

Forward and upward…

-> Regulations has affected recently positively -> General opinion favours

Aim From waste to product