Moisture effect on the dielectric response and space charge behavior of mineral oil impregnated...
1
Moisture effect on the dielectric response and space charge behavior of mineral oil impregnated paper insulation Jian Hao 1, 2 , George Chen 2 , Ruijin Liao 1 1 University of Chongqing, Chongqing, China 2 University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Space charge behavior of oil-paper sample with different moisture content Introduction Conclusions [email protected] University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK Contact details : Moisture has significant impact on dielectric properties of oil- paper sample. The conductivity and the capacitance of oil impregnated paper increases significantly with increasing moisture content in the low frequency range. Homo-charges injection occurs at both electrodes. There is a significant amount of positive charge accumulated at the paper-paper interface near to the cathode for oil-paper sample with 0.28% moisture content. While there is only a positive charge peak in the middle layer paper for oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content. The charge trapped in the oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content disappears much faster than that in the oil-paper sample with 0.28% moisture content after removing the voltage.. (a) 0.28%---4kV (b) 0.28%---6kV Experiments The insulation oil used in this experiment was Gemini X mineral oil, which was provided by Nynas Oil Company. Gemini X is inhibited insulating oil with extremely good electrical and excellent ageing properties meeting IEC 60296 (03). The new cellulose insulation paper used was provided by ABB Chongqing Transformer Co. Ltd. The single layer thickness of the insulation paper is 75 μm. The parameters of the paper meet the international standard IEC 641-3-1. The new insulation paper was cut into the circular shape with a diameter of 35mm. A lot of paper samples were kept in the vacuum oven at 130°C for 1 hour for drying. After that, some dried paper samples were impregnated with oil at vacuum condition for one day. And some dried paper samples were put in the air for moisture absorption. After absorbing the moisture for some time, the paper samples were also impregnated by oil at vacuum condition for one day. The moisture content of the dried oil-paper samples and wet oil- paper samples was measurement using the Karl Fischer Titration method. The conductivity of the oil-paper sample with different moisture contents was measured by dielectric spectroscopy equipment S1260 Impedance/Gain-Phase Analyzer. The dielectric analyzer using a plate-plate geometry with a diameter of 30 mm. Data were obtained over a wide range of frequencies from 10 -2 Hz to10 6 Hz. The PEA (Figure 1) tests were performed on three layers oil/paper samples (~210μm after oil impregnated and being pressed by the electrodes as shown in Figure 2). The samples were stressed at different dc voltage levels (4kV and 6kV) at 15 o C. During the one hour of voltage application, space charge measurements were taken at various times with both volts-on and volts-off (short-circuit condition). In addition, space charge decay after the removal of the voltage was also monitored. Experimental Results (a)conductivity FDS of oil-paper sample with different moisture contents Figure 3. FDS of the oil impregnated paper The conductivity of oil impregnated paper increases significantly with increasing moisture content in the frequency range of 10 - 2 ~10 3 Hz. However, there is no much difference between the conductivity curves corresponding to different moisture contents at frequencies higher than 10 3 Hz. The capacitance of oil impregnated paper also increases significantly with increasing moisture content in the frequency range of 10 -2 ~10 6 Hz, especially in the frequency lower than 10 2 Hz. Figure 4. Space charge distribution of oil-paper sample with 0.28% moisture content 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 -12 10 -11 10 -10 10 -9 10 -8 10 -7 10 -6 4.96% 0.28% C ondutivity(1/O hm s) Frequency (H z) 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 -1 1 10 -1 0 10 -9 4.96% 0.28% C ap acitan ce (F ) Frequency (H z) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 10s 30s 1m in 3m in 5m in 10m in 20m in 30m in 40m in 50m in 60m in C h a rg e D en sity (C /m 3 ) Sam ple T hickness ( m V olts-on 4kV ---0.28% 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 C h a rg e D en sity (C /m 3 ) Sam ple T hickness ( m V olts-off 4kV ---0.28% 5m in 10m in 20m in 30m in 40m in 50m in 60m in 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 C h a rg e D en sity (C /m 3 ) Sam ple T hickness ( m 10s 30s 1m in 3m in 5m in 10m in 20m in 30m in 40m in 50m in 60m in D ecay 4kV ---0.28% 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 Sam ple T hickness ( m C h a rg e D en sity (C /m 3 ) V olts-on 6kV ---0.28% 10s 30s 1m in 3m in 5m in 10m in 20m in 30m in 40m in 50m in 60m in 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 C h a rg e D en sity (C /m 3 ) Sam ple T hickness ( m V olts-off 6kV ---0.28% 5m in 10m in 20m in 30m in 40m in 50m in 60m in 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 C h a rg e D en sity (C /m 3 ) Sam ple T hickness ( m 10s 30s 1m in 3m in 5m in 10m in 20m in 30m in 40m in 50m in 60m in D ecay 6kV ---0.28% 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10s 30s 1m in 3m in 5m in 10m in 20m in 30m in 40m in 50m in 60m in C h a rg e D en sity (C /m 3 ) Sam ple T hickness ( m V olts-on 6kV ---4.96% 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 C h a rg e D en sity (C /m 3 ) Sam ple T hickness ( m V olts-off 6kV ---4.96% 5m in 10m in 20m in 30m in 40m in 50m in 60m in 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 10s 30s 1m in 3m in 5m in 10m in C h a rg e D en sity (C /m 3 ) Sam ple T hickness ( m D ecay 6kV ---4.96% 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10s 30s 1m in 3m in 5m in 10m in 20m in 30m in 40m in 50m in 60m in C h a rg e D en sity (C /m 3 ) Sam ple T hickness ( m V olts-on 4kV ---4.96% 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 C h a rg e D en sity (C /m 3 ) Sam ple T hickness ( m V olts-off 4kV ---4.96% 5m in 10m in 20m in 30m in 40m in 50m in 60m in 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 C h a rg e D en sity (C /m 3 ) Sam ple T hickness ( m 10s 30s 1m in 3m in 5m in 10m in D ecay 4kV ---4.96% Oil-paper insulation in high voltage transformers degrades under a combined stress of thermal, electrical, mechanical and chemical stresses during routine operation, leading to the formation of moisture. On the other hand, the presence of moisture of a high content in the oil-paper system can accelerate degradation of the cellulose paper. Moreover, the moisture is detrimental to the dielectric properties of oil-paper insulation system. Taking into account the great effect of moisture on the reliability of the oil-paper insulation system and multi-layer arrangement in transformer application, in this paper, we have studied the effect of moisture on the FDS and space charge behaviour of three layer oil- paper insulation sample. Dielectric response and space charge behaviour of oil-paper insulation sample with different moisture contents were investigated using the frequency dielectric spectroscopy (FDS) and the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) technique, respectively. The influence of moisture on the dielectric response and space charge behaviour of oil impregnated paper insulation was analysed. Figure 1. PEA measurement system Figure 2. Schematic diagram of sample (b) capacitance (a) 4.96%---4kV (b) 4.96%---6kV Figure 5. Space charge distribution of oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content Oil-paper sample with 0.28% moisture content under 4kV and 6kV Oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content under 4kV and 6kV Compared to sample with 0.28% moisture content, charges injected more quickly after voltage was switched on under 4kV and 6kV for oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content There is positive charge peak in the middle layer paper for oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content. Homo-charges injection occurs at both electrodes. Homo-charges were trapped in the vicinity of both electrodes. Positive charge trapped obviously at the paper-paper interface near to the cathode. For oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content, negative charge trapped in the whole layer paper near to the cathode under 4kV. While there are negative charges trapped in the two layers paper near to the cathode under 6kV due to the significant negative charge injection under higher voltage and higher moisture content, especially at the end of voltage application. The density peak of charges trapped in the oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content is lower than that in the oil-paper sample with 0.28% moisture content at the same testing time under 4kV and 6kV during volts-off measurement. Due to the higher conductivity, the charge trapped in the oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content disappears very fast than that in the oil-paper sample with 0.28% moisture content after removing the voltage.
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Transcript of Moisture effect on the dielectric response and space charge behavior of mineral oil impregnated...
Moisture effect on the dielectric response and space charge behavior of mineral oil impregnated paper insulation
Jian Hao1, 2, George Chen2, Ruijin Liao1
1University of Chongqing, Chongqing, China 2University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Space charge behavior of oil-paper sample with different moisture contentIntroduction
Conclusions
University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UKContact details :
Moisture has significant impact on dielectric properties of oil-paper sample. The conductivity and the capacitance of oil impregnated paper increases significantly with increasing moisture content in the low frequency range.
Homo-charges injection occurs at both electrodes. There is a significant amount of positive charge accumulated at the paper-paper interface near to the cathode for oil-paper sample with 0.28% moisture content. While there is only a positive charge peak in the middle layer paper for oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content. The charge trapped in the oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content disappears much faster than that in the oil-paper sample with 0.28% moisture content after removing the voltage..
(a) 0.28%---4kV (b) 0.28%---6kV
Experiments
The insulation oil used in this experiment was Gemini X mineral oil, which was provided by Nynas Oil Company. Gemini X is inhibited insulating oil with extremely good electrical and excellent ageing properties meeting IEC 60296 (03). The new cellulose insulation paper used was provided by ABB Chongqing Transformer Co. Ltd. The single layer thickness of the insulation paper is 75 μm. The parameters of the paper meet the international standard IEC 641-3-1.
The new insulation paper was cut into the circular shape with a diameter of 35mm. A lot of paper samples were kept in the vacuum oven at 130°C for 1 hour for drying. After that, some dried paper samples were impregnated with oil at vacuum condition for one day. And some dried paper samples were put in the air for moisture absorption. After absorbing the moisture for some time, the paper samples were also impregnated by oil at vacuum condition for one day.
The moisture content of the dried oil-paper samples and wet oil-paper samples was measurement using the Karl Fischer Titration method. The conductivity of the oil-paper sample with different moisture contents was measured by dielectric spectroscopy equipment S1260 Impedance/Gain-Phase Analyzer. The dielectric analyzer using a plate-plate geometry with a diameter of 30 mm. Data were obtained over a wide range of frequencies from 10-2Hz to106Hz.
The PEA (Figure 1) tests were performed on three layers oil/paper samples (~210μm after oil impregnated and being pressed by the electrodes as shown in Figure 2). The samples were stressed at different dc voltage levels (4kV and 6kV) at 15oC. During the one hour of voltage application, space charge measurements were taken at various times with both volts-on and volts-off (short-circuit condition). In addition, space charge decay after the removal of the voltage was also monitored.
Experimental Results
(a) conductivity
FDS of oil-paper sample with different moisture contents
Figure 3. FDS of the oil impregnated paper
The conductivity of oil impregnated paper increases significantly with increasing moisture content in the frequency range of 10-2~103Hz. However, there is no much difference between the conductivity curves corresponding to different moisture contents at frequencies higher than 103Hz.
The capacitance of oil impregnated paper also increases significantly with increasing moisture content in the frequency range of 10-2~106Hz, especially in the frequency lower than 102Hz.
Figure 4. Space charge distribution of oil-paper sample with 0.28% moisture content
10-2 10-1 100 101 102 10310-12
10-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6 4.96% 0.28%
Con
duti
vity
(1/O
hms)
Frequency (Hz)10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103
10-11
10-10
10-9
4.96% 0.28%
Cap
acit
ance
(F
)
Frequency (Hz)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
10s 30s 1min 3min 5min 10min 20min 30min 40min 50min 60min
Charg
e D
ensi
ty
(C/m
3 )
Sample Thickness (m
Volts-on 4kV---0.28%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Charg
e D
ensi
ty
(C/m
3 )
Sample Thickness (m
Volts-off 4kV---0.28%
5min 10min 20min 30min 40min 50min 60min
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Charg
e D
ensi
ty
(C/m
3 )
Sample Thickness (m
10s 30s 1min 3min 5min 10min 20min 30min 40min 50min 60min
Decay 4kV---0.28%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-505
10
Sample Thickness (m
Charg
e D
ensi
ty
(C/m
3 )
Volts-on 6kV---0.28%
10s 30s 1min 3min 5min 10min 20min 30min 40min 50min 60min
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400-25-20-15-10-505
1015202530
Charg
e D
ensi
ty
(C/m
3 )
Sample Thickness (m
Volts-off 6kV---0.28% 5min 10min 20min 30min 40min 50min 60min
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400-20-15-10-505
1015202530
Charg
e D
ensi
ty
(C/m
3 )
Sample Thickness (m
10s 30s 1min 3min 5min 10min
20min 30min 40min 50min 60min
Decay 6kV---0.28%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10s 30s 1min 3min 5min 10min 20min 30min 40min 50min 60min
Charg
e D
ensi
ty
(C/m
3 )
Sample Thickness (m
Volts-on 6kV---4.96%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
Charg
e D
ensi
ty
(C/m
3 )
Sample Thickness (m
Volts-off 6kV---4.96%
5min 10min 20min 30min 40min 50min 60min
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400-5-4-3-2-1012345
10s 30s 1min 3min 5min 10minC
harg
e D
ensi
ty
(C/m
3 )
Sample Thickness (m
Decay 6kV---4.96%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10s 30s 1min 3min 5min 10min 20min 30min 40min 50min 60min
Charg
e D
ensi
ty
(C/m
3 )
Sample Thickness (m
Volts-on 4kV---4.96%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
Charg
e D
ensi
ty
(C/m
3 )
Sample Thickness (m
Volts-off 4kV---4.96%
5min 10min 20min 30min 40min 50min 60min
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400-5-4-3-2-1012345
Charg
e D
ensi
ty
(C/m
3 )
Sample Thickness (m
10s 30s 1min 3min 5min 10min
Decay 4kV---4.96%
Oil-paper insulation in high voltage transformers degrades under a combined stress of thermal, electrical, mechanical and chemical stresses during routine operation, leading to the formation of moisture. On the other hand, the presence of moisture of a high content in the oil-paper system can accelerate degradation of the cellulose paper. Moreover, the moisture is detrimental to the dielectric properties of oil-paper insulation system.
Taking into account the great effect of moisture on the reliability of the oil-paper insulation system and multi-layer arrangement in transformer application, in this paper, we have studied the effect of moisture on the FDS and space charge behaviour of three layer oil-paper insulation sample. Dielectric response and space charge behaviour of oil-paper insulation sample with different moisture contents were investigated using the frequency dielectric spectroscopy (FDS) and the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) technique, respectively. The influence of moisture on the dielectric response and space charge behaviour of oil impregnated paper insulation was analysed.
Figure 1. PEA measurement system Figure 2. Schematic diagram of sample
(b) capacitance
(a) 4.96%---4kV (b) 4.96%---6kV Figure 5. Space charge distribution of oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content
Oil-paper sample with 0.28% moisture content under 4kV and 6kV
Oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content under 4kV and 6kV
Compared to sample with 0.28% moisture content, charges injected more quickly after voltage was switched on under 4kV and 6kV for oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content There is positive charge peak in the middle layer paper for oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content.
Homo-charges injection occurs at both electrodes. Homo-charges were trapped in the vicinity of both electrodes. Positive charge trapped obviously at the paper-paper interface near to the cathode.
For oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content, negative charge trapped in the whole layer paper near to the cathode under 4kV. While there are negative charges trapped in the two layers paper near to the cathode under 6kV due to the significant negative charge injection under higher voltage and higher moisture content, especially at the end of voltage application.
The density peak of charges trapped in the oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content is lower than that in the oil-paper sample with 0.28% moisture content at the same testing time under 4kV and 6kV during volts-off measurement.
Due to the higher conductivity, the charge trapped in the oil-paper sample with 4.96% moisture content disappears very fast than that in the oil-paper sample with 0.28% moisture content after removing the voltage.
