Memorandum - vbwd.org Surveys on Lakes/2015PlantsResultsMemo.pdfThe 2015 EWM reduction goal was not...

Memorandum

To: Valley Branch Watershed District (VBWD) Board of Managers

From: Meg Rattei, Senior Biologist

Subject: VBWD June 2015 Point-Intercept Plant Surveys

Date: October 1, 2015

Project: 23/82-0405

c: John Hanson, Ray Marshall, Ray Roemmich, Melissa Imse

This memorandum summarizes methods and results of the June 2015 point-intercept plant surveys at

Long Lake, Lake DeMontreville, Lake Olson, Lake Jane, Eagle Point Lake, Lake Elmo, Horseshoe Lake, Lake

Edith, McDonald Lake, and Sunfish Lake. All tables and figures follow the discussion.

Requested Manager Actions

1. Authorize the release of this memorandum to the following:

A. Maynard Kelsey of McDonald Lake

B. Brian Buchmayer of Friends of Long Lake and the VBWD Lake Citizen Advisory Committee

C. Justin Bloyer of the Lake Jane Association and council member, City of Lake Elmo

D. Roger Johnson of the Lake DeMontreville/Olson Association and the VBWD Citizen Advisory

Committee

E. Wendy Griffin of the Lake Elmo Association

F. Jeff Berg of the Lake Elmo Association and the VBWD Citizen Advisory Committee

G. Dale Dorschner of the Lake Elmo Association

H. Keegan Lund, Chip Welling, and any other interested staff of the Minnesota Department of

Natural Resources (MDNR).

2. Authorize the release of the eight reports submitted to Washington County to fulfill the VBWD

Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) Grant contractual obligation to Keegan Lund, Chip Welling, and any

other interested MDNR staff.

3. Direct Barr to request a meeting with MDNR to discuss the results of the 2015 herbicide treatments

for Long Lake, Lake DeMontreville, Lake Olson, and Lake Jane and ask for suggestions moving

forward. The meeting could also include discussion of 2015 diver harvesting of Eurasian watermilfoil

(EWM) in Lake Elmo and MDNR suggestions for moving forward.

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei

Subject: VBWD June 2015 Point-Intercept Macrophyte Surveys Date: October 1, 2015

Page: 2

Project: 23820405

c: John Hanson, Susannah Torseth, Ray Roemmich, Melissa Imse

Endangered Resource Services used a rake

(pictured above) to collect plants for the

plant surveys. Rake fullness is a measure

of plant density.

5. Initiate a VBWD grant program to fund 50% of the cost (up to a maximum total amount set by the

Managers) for herbicide treatments sponsored by lake associations to reduce aquatic invasive plants

such as EWM in VBWD lakes. A VBWD grant program would provide the financial assistance lake

associations need to manage aquatic invasive species (AIS), while reducing administrative costs. This

would make the program less expensive than procuring funds from other programs such as the

Washington County AIS grant program. In 2015, VBWD procured Washington County AIS grant funds

and used the funds to reimburse lake associations for about half of the cost of herbicide treatment to

manage EWM in VBWD lakes. The administrative costs required by the grant program exceeded the

amount of the grant award. These efforts included preparing a proposal, an interview, preparing a

contract, completing eight different reports, and providing presentations at two meetings. Initiating a

VBWD grant program would provide the same level of funding to lake associations, but at a lower

cost to the District.

6. Authorize technical support to lake associations that want to complete herbicide treatment to

manage EWM in 2016. Barr anticipates that support will be needed for Friends of Long Lake, Lake

DeMontreville/Olson Association, and the Lake Jane Association. Technical support would include:

Two point-intercept plant surveys, one in spring before treatment and one in June after

treatment. Both are permit requirements.

Permitting.

Treatment.

Reporting required by the MDNR treatment permit.

7. Authorize technical support to Friends of Long Lake to update the Long Lake Lake Vegetation

Management Plan (LVMP) prior to the 2016 herbicide treatment season. The Long Lake LVMP will

expire on April 15, 2016.

2014 Sample Methods

Matt Berg of Endangered Resource Services, LLC conducted point-

intercept plant surveys in 10 VBWD lakes from June 21 through

June 24, 2015. He located equally spaced preset points in the field

with GPS and took measurements at each point. His measurements

included the following:

1. Individual species present

2. Overall density of plants, as measured by rake method

3. Density of individual species, as measured by rake method

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 3

Project: 23820405


EWM was only observed at two locations in

Long Lake during 2015. Pictured above is

the single barely surviving EWM plant

collected in 19 feet of water.

4. Water depth

5. Dominant sediment type

Results

A discussion of survey results for the 10 individual lakes follows.

VBWD provided technical assistance for herbicide management of

EWM in Long Lake, Lake DeMontreville, Lake Olson, and Lake

Jane in 2015. A discussion of the results of these management

efforts is also included the following paragraphs.

Long Lake—Long Lake has been treated with herbicide almost

annually since 2011 to reduce the extent of EWM in the lake. In

2015, 5.5 acres of EWM were observed in the lake during the May

pre-treatment plant survey; all EWM observed in the lake was

treated with 2,4-D in May (Figures 1 and 2). The average 2,4-D

concentration measured in the lake 3 days after treatment was

lethal to EWM (Figure 3).

The Long Lake treatment goal of reducing EWM by at least half

was met. EWM area was reduced by 93 percent (Figures 4 and 5) and frequency was reduced by 91

percent between May and June of 2015 (Figure 6). In addition, EWM density was reduced (Figure 7). In

June 2010, prior to the start of herbicide treatment, EWM extent was 52 acres, which was 97 percent of

the plant growth area of the lake (Table 3). After treatment in 2015, EWM extent was 0.4 acres—0.73

percent of the plant growth area of the lake (Table 3). Since herbicide treatment began in 2011, the

frequency of EWM occurrence has been reduced from 92 percent to 1 percent (Figure 6).

No significant changes in the frequency of individual native plant species were observed in Long Lake

between May and June of 2015, verifying that the herbicide treatment had no impact on the frequency of

individual native plant species1. Common waterweed significantly increased in frequency between June of

2014 and June of 2015, a positive change for the Long Lake plant community (Figure 8).

Reduction of EWM in Long Lake during 2015 improved the overall frequency of native plants in the lake,

but had no impact on the number of native species. The frequency of occurrence of natives increased

1 Margaret Rattei, letter to June Mathiowetz regarding VBWD AIS Grant Project: Deliverable 7 – Report on

Native Plant and Eurasian Watermilfoil (EWM) Presence in Post-Treatment Plant Surveys, 8 Sept. 2015. TS.

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 4

Project: 23820405


Reduction of EWM in 2015 improved the

frequency of native plants, including Chara,

pictured above. Chara increased in frequency

from 20 to 26 percent of sample locations.

from 33 percent in June of 2014 to 47 percent in June of 2015, while the number of native species (10)

remained the same (Table 8).

Since treatment began in 2011, the quality of the Long Lake plant

community, measured by the Floristic Quality Index (FQI), has

improved. FQI considers both the quality of the individual native

species in the lake and the number of species collected on the

rake. The 2010 pre-treatment FQI value was 14.1, compared with

the 2011 post-treatment value of 15.7 (Figure 9). All FQI values

since 2011 have been greater than 14.1, including the 2015 value

of 16.8 (Figure 9). This indicates that EWM reduction has improved

the quality of the lake’s plant community.

The diversity of the Long Lake plant community approximately

doubled after the first herbicide treatment in 2011. This is

reflected by Simpson Diversity Index values, which indicate the

probability that two individual plants randomly selected from a

lake will belong to different species. The 2010 pre-treatment

Simpson Diversity Index value was 0.4, compared with values of

0.77 to 0.85 from 2011 through 2015 (Figure 10). This indicates that reduction of EWM has improved plant

diversity; i.e., the probability that two individual plants randomly selected from Long Lake will belong to

different species has increased from 40 percent to 77–85 percent.

Curly-leaf pondweed (CLP), an invasive species, is present in Long Lake but not problematic. In 2015, CLP

was found in 6 percent of the sample locations in the plant growth area of the lake, the same frequency

observed in 2010 (Figure 11).

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


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Project: 23820405


EWM was severely knocked back, but a

few plants, especially along deep-water

margins, continue to survive. Pictured

above is a deep water EWM fragment

found mid-lake in the central basin of

Lake DeMontreville.

Lake DeMontreville—In 2015, the MDNR did not permit herbicide treatment of all EWM-infested areas

within Lake DeMontreville. The total permitted treatment area of 14 acres was only 24 percent of the 58

acres infested (Figures 2 and 12). Because the treatment area was small and shallow, the quantity of

herbicide allowed for the treatment was insufficient to attain a

lethal, lake-wide 2,4-D concentration and exposure time. Results of

research conducted by the Wisconsin Department of Natural

Resources indicate the average 2,4-D concentration of 0.185 parts

per million (ppm) measured 3 days after treatment (Figure 3) would

result in seasonal control of EWM if sustained for 7 days, but would

not attain long-term EWM control.2

Although the EWM area treated in 2015 was only 24 percent of the

infested area, the Lake DeMontreville goal of reducing EWM by at

least half was met. Between May and June of 2015, the EWM area

was reduced by 64 percent (Figures 4 and 13) and frequency was

reduced by 51 percent (Figure 14). In addition, EWM density was

reduced (Figure 15). The 2015 treatment mitigated the EWM

increase that occurred between June of 2014 and spring of 2015

and provided some reduction in EWM area, frequency, and density

(Figures 13 through 15).

Significant changes in six native species were observed in Lake

DeMontreville between May and June of 2015 (a significant

decrease in northern watermilfoil and significant increases in five other species). The herbicide treatment

could have caused the decline in northern watermilfoil frequency. However, rapid increases and decreases

are common for northern watermilfoil. An untreated VBWD lake, Lake Edith, observed a rapid increase in

northern watermilfoil in 2014 and a rapid decrease in 2015 (Figure 40). Hence, the significant decline in

northern watermilfoil in Lake DeMontreville during 2015 could have been due to natural fluctuations.

Nonetheless, the significant increase in five native species resulted in a net increase in native plant

frequency following the 2015 herbicide treatment.1

2 Heath, Eddie, Tim Hoyman, Michelle Nault, and John Skogerboe. 2014. Field Research of Early-Season

Whole-Lake Herbicide Strategies for Control of Hybrid EWM. Presentation at UMISC – October 22, 2014 in

Duluth, Minnesota.

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 6

Project: 23820405


Pictured above, yellow iris plants shortly before they

were removed from Lake DeMontreville in June of

2014. In 2015, yellow iris plants were common on the

southern shoreline of the lake, with residents

mowing around the plants and maintaining them

along their shoreline.

During a one-year period (June of 2014 to June of 2015)

significant changes were observed in three native plant

species in Lake DeMontreville—again, a significant

decrease in northern watermilfoil and significant increases

in filamentous algae and southern naiad (Figure 16). 1

Reduction of EWM in Lake DeMontreville during 2015

improved the frequency of native plants in the lake, but

had no impact on the number of native species. The

frequency of occurrence of native plants increased from 89

percent in June of 2014 to 94 percent in June of 2015,

while the number of native species (19) remained the

same (Table 9).

Since treatment began in 2014, the quality of the Lake

DeMontreville plant community, measured by the FQI,

has improved. FQI considers both the quality of the individual native species in the lake and the number

of species collected on the rake. The 2012 and 2013 pre-treatment FQI values ranged from 25.0 to 26.2,

compared with post-treatment values of 26.9 during 2014 and 2015 (Figure 17). This indicates that EWM

reduction improved the quality of the lake’s plant community.

The diversity of the Lake DeMontreville plant community remained stable after treatment. This is reflected

by Simpson Diversity Index values, which indicate the probability that two individual plants randomly

selected from a lake will belong to different species. The 2014 and 2015 post-treatment Simpson Diversity

Index values of 0.90 were within the range of 2012 and 2013 pre-treatment values (0.89 to 0.90) (Figure

18). This suggests that EWM treatment had no impact on native plant diversity; i.e., the probability that

two individual plants randomly selected from Lake DeMontreville will belong to different species has

remained at about 90 percent.

Yellow iris, an invasive species, was common on the southern shorelines in 2015. It appears that residents

are unaware it is a non-native, invasive plant—mowing around and maintaining the plants along their

shorelines. In June of 2014, VBWD directed Barr staff to remove yellow iris plants growing near the boat

(30 plants). We recommend that residents remove the yellow iris plants from their shoreline to prevent the

spread and proliferation of this invasive species.

CLP frequency in Lake DeMontreville has fluctuated widely during the past few years (49-percent

frequency in 2012, 42 percent in 2013, 10 percent in 2014, and 31 percent in 2015) (Figure 19). The 2015

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


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Project: 23820405


EWM was burned and knocked back by the

herbicide treatment, but it appeared the

majority of the plants (not necessarily the

stems) survived. Pictured above is a

surviving EWM plant and pictured below is

the typical density of surviving EWM in

Lake Olson.

frequency of 31 percent was within the 10 to 49 percent range

observed from 2012 through 2014 (Figure 19). CLP density was

low in 2015 and not problematic.

Lake Olson—In 2015, the MDNR did not permit herbicide

treatment of all EWM-infested areas within Lake Olson. The total

permitted treatment area of 7 acres was only 22 percent of the 32

EWM-infested acres (Figures 2 and 20). Because the treatment

area was small and shallow, the quantity of herbicide allowed for

treatment was insufficient to attain a lethal, lake-wide 2,4-D

concentration and exposure time. Results of research conducted

by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources indicate the

average 2,4-D concentration of 0.156 ppm measured 3 days after

treatment (Figure 3) would result in seasonal control of EWM if

sustained for 7 days, but would not attain long-term control.2

The project goal of a 50% reduction in EWM was not attained.

EWM area was reduced by 11 percent (Figures 4 and 21) and

density was also reduced (Figure 23); however, frequency

increased by 4 percent (Figure 22) between May and June of

2015. The 2015 treatment partially mitigated the EWM increase

that occurred from June of 2014 to spring of 2015 and provided

some reduction in EWM area and density (Figures 21 and 23).

Although the EWM management goal was not attained, lake

residents have expressed satisfaction in the EWM reduction after

the 2015 herbicide treatment.

The 2015 EWM reduction goal was not met because only

22 percent of the EWM area was treated (as restricted by the MDNR). The treatment area was a single

location at the south end of the lake near the outlet (Figure 20). Lake flow is toward the outlet, reducing

the likelihood of herbicide mixing to the north and central areas of the lake. The average 2,4-D

concentration measured in the lake 3 days after treatment was less than one-third of the lethal dose

(Figure 3). The area with the densest EWM was treated, but the concentration of herbicide was too low.

Hence, the June 2015 EWM area was 17 percent greater than the June 2014 EWM area (Figure 21).

Significant changes in five native plant species were observed between May and June of 2015, but none

were due to the herbicide treatment. There was a significant decrease in filamentous algae (algae are not

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 8

Project: 23820405


impacted by 2,4-D) and significant increases in four native plant species. The result was a net increase in

native plant frequency after the herbicide treatment.2

Between June of 2014 and June of 2015, significant changes in seven native plant species were observed,

but none were due to the herbicide treatment. The changes included significant decreases in coontail,

filamentous algae, water stargrass, northern watermilfoil, and small pondweed (Figure 24). Significant

increases in fern pondweed and muskgrasses also occurred (Figure 24). Of the declining native species,

coontail and northern watermilfoil are the only species potentially impacted by 2,4-D; however, neither

species declined significantly between May and June of 2015. This indicates that declines between June of

2014 and June of 2015 were not caused by the herbicide treatment. Expanding EWM and subsequent

displacement of natives during 2014 could have been a factor in the declines. EWM expanded from 28

acres in June of 2014 to 32 acres by May of 2015 (Figure 21).

Although both native plant frequency and number of species declined in 2015, the declines are not likely

due to the herbicide treatment. The frequency of native species in Lake Olson decreased from 91 percent

in June of 2014 to 82 percent in June of 2015. The number of native species decreased from 20 in June of

2014 to 19 in June of 2015 (Table 10). Based on historic natural variation of plants affected and locations

of the changes, the native plant changes do not appear to be caused by the herbicide treatment.1

Since treatment began in 2014, the quality of the Lake Olson plant community, measured by the FQI, has

improved. FQI considers both the quality of the individual native species in the lake and the number of

species collected on the rake. The 2012 and 2013 pre-treatment FQI values ranged from 25.2 to 25.9,

compared with post-treatment values in 2014 and 2015 of 26.6 to 28.0 (Figure 25).

The diversity of the Lake Olson plant community remained stable after treatment. This is reflected by

Simpson Diversity Index values, which indicate the probability that two individual plants randomly

selected from a lake will belong to different species. The 2012 and 2013 pre-treatment Simpson Diversity

Index values ranged from 0.91 to 0.92. The post-treatment value from 2014 through 2015 is 0.90 (Figure

26); i.e., the probability that two plants selected at random from Lake Olson will belong to different

species has stayed in the range of 90–92 percent.

CLP was present at a few locations, but was not problematic in 2015. CLP was found at 5 percent of

sample locations in 2015, compared with 3 percent in 2014 (Figure 27).

Lake Jane—In 2015, the MDNR did not permit herbicide treatment of all EWM-infested areas within Lake

Jane. The total permitted treatment area of 7.9 acres was only 18 percent of the 44 EWM-infested acres

(Figures 2 and 28). Because the treatment area was small and shallow, the quantity of herbicide allowed

for the treatment was insufficient to attain a lethal, lake-wide 2,4-D concentration and exposure time.

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 9

Project: 23820405


EWM in Lake Jane was seriously burned by the

herbicide treatment, but many plants survived. Many

small fragments of EWM were re-growing from axils.

Pictured above, surviving EWM on Lake Jane.

Pictured above, typical Lake Jane EWM that was

damaged but not killed.

Results of research conducted by the Wisconsin

Department of Natural Resources indicate the average

2,4-D concentration of 0.081 ppm measured 3 days

after treatment (Figure 3) may have no effect on EWM.2

The project goal of reducing EWM by at least half was

not attained in Lake Jane. Between May and June of

2015 EWM area was reduced by 30 percent (Figures 4

and 29) and frequency was reduced by 28 percent

(Figure 30); EWM density was also reduced (Figure 31).

The 2015 treatment partially mitigated the EWM

increase that occurred from June of 2014 to spring of

2015 and provided some reduction in EWM area,

frequency, and density (Figures 29 through 31).

Although the EWM reduction goal was not attained,

lake residents have expressed satisfaction in the EWM

reduction occurring after the 2015 herbicide treatment.

The 2015 herbicide treatment did not attain the EWM

reduction goal because only 18 percent of the EWM

area was treated (as restricted by the MDNR). The

average 2,4-D concentration measured in the lake

3 days after treatment was less than 20 percent of the

EWM lethal dose (Figure 3). While the area with the

densest EWM was treated, the concentration of

herbicide was too low (Figure 29). Hence, the June

2015 EWM area was 29 percent greater than the June

2014 EWM area (Figure 29).

Significant changes in seven native plant species were observed between May and June of 2015, but none

of the changes were due to the herbicide treatment. The changes included a significant decrease in water

stargrass, which is not impacted by 2,4-D. Significant increases in six native plant species resulted in a net

increase after the herbicide treatment.1

Between June of 2014 and June of 2015 significant changes were observed in three native plant species,

but none of the changes were due to the herbicide treatment. The changes included an increase in

filamentous algae and decreases in water stargrass (not impacted by 2,4-D) and northern watermilfoil

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 10

Project: 23820405


(Figure 32). Northern watermilfoil did not decline significantly between May and June of 2015, indicating

its decline between June of 2014 and June of 2015 was not caused by the herbicide treatment. Expanding

EWM and subsequent displacement of natives during 2014 could have been a factor in the decline. EWM

expanded from 24 acres in June of 2014 to 44 acres in May of 2015 (Figure 29).

Although both native plant frequency and number of species declined in 2015, the declines are not likely

due to the herbicide treatment. The frequency of native species in Lake Jane decreased from 99 percent in

June of 2014 to 96 percent in June of 2015. The number of native species decreased from 28 in June of

2014 to 24 in June of 2015 (Table 11). Based on historic natural variation and plants affected, the native

plant changes do not appear to be caused by the herbicide treatment.1

The quality of the Lake Jane plant community, measured by the FQI, remained stable after the 2015

herbicide treatment. FQI considers both the quality of the individual native species in the lake and the

number of species collected on the rake. The 2012 through 2014 pre-treatment FQI values ranged from

31.0 to 32.7, compared with the 2015 post-treatment value of 31.4 (Figure 33).

After the 2015 treatment, the diversity of the Lake Jane plant community did not change. This is reflected

by Simpson Diversity Index values, which indicate the probability that two individual plants randomly

selected from a lake will belong to different species. The 2012 through 2014 pre-treatment Simpson

Diversity Index values ranged from 0.91 to 0.92, compared with a 2015 post-treatment value of 0.92

(Figure 34); i.e., the probability that two plants selected at random from Lake Jane will belong to different

species has stayed in the range of 91–92 percent.

CLP was present in 2015, but not problematic; the plant was observed in 11 percent of sample locations

within the plant growth area of the lake, which was within the 8- to 16-percent frequency documented

from 2012 through 2014 (Figure 35).

Eagle Point Lake—Problematic growths of the invasive CLP were observed in Eagle Point Lake from 2012

through 2015 (Figure 36). However, CLP was stable in 2015 with the density and distribution similar to

2014 levels.

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 11

Project: 23820405


Problematic growths of CLP (pictured

above) were observed in Eagle Point

Lake from 2012 through 2015.

The frequency of occurrence of

filamentous algae in Eagle Point Lake

(pictured above) increased from

4 percent of sample locations in 2014 to

55 percent in 2015.

Two additional invasive species were observed in Eagle Point Lake

in 2015; however, both were stable and not problematic. Reed

canary grass was abundant along the lakeshore and in surrounding

wetland areas—a distribution similar to 2014. The distribution of

narrow-leaved cattail was also similar to distributions from 2012

through 2014. Narrow-leaved cattail was observed in 29 percent of

sample points in 2015 (Table 2) compared to 24 to 30 percent from

2012 through 20143.

The greatest change in the Eagle Point Lake plant community in

2015 was a significant increase in the extent of filamentous algae.

The frequency of occurrence of filamentous algae increased from

4 percent of sample locations in 2014 to 55 percent in 2015

(Figure 37). The increased extent of filamentous algae and

associated shading reduced the growth of other plants, likely

causing the significant 2015 declines in frequency observed for

common waterweed, small pondweed, small duckweed, and river

bulrush (Figure 37). In addition, the increased algae reduced the

maximum depth at which plants were growing by over half—from

8.5 feet in 2014 to 4 feet in 2015.

Despite the increased extent of algae and significant declines in

frequency of four native plant species in 2015, the quality of the

plant community, measured by FQI, was stable. FQI considers

both the quality of the individual native species in the lake and

the number of species collected on the rake. The 2015 FQI value

of 19.2 was within the 2012 through 2014 range of 18.7 to 22.6

(Figure 38).

Plant diversity was also stable in 2015. This is reflected by Simpson Diversity Index values, which indicate

the probability that two individual plants randomly selected from a lake will belong to different species.

The 2015 value of 0.84 was within the 2012 through 2014 range of 0.84 through 0.88 (Figure 39); i.e., the

3 Margaret R. Rattei to Valley Branch Watershed District (VBWD) Board of Managers, October 3, 2014.

VBWD June 2015 Point-Intercept Macrophyte Surveys.

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


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Project: 23820405


The native plant community in Lake

Edith remained stable in 2015 including

the continued presence of Illinois

pondweed at the south end of the lake

(pictured above) and hardstem bulrush

at the lake’s outlet (pictured below).

probability that two individual plants selected randomly from Eagle Point Lake will belong to different

species has stayed in the range of 84 to 88 percent.

Lake Edith—Carp were observed throughout the lake in 2015,

explaining some of the limitations in the Lake Edith plant community.

Carp can severely reduce submersed aquatic vegetation through

direct uprooting of vegetation or herbivory (eating the vegetation).4

Aquatic plant growth in the lake is also limited by the lake’s poor

growing substrate for plants (marly clay and thin muck over sand).

This poor substrate protects the lake from problematic growth by

invasive species.

Three invasive species were present in Lake Edith in 2015, but none

were problematic. All three species were observed at a low

frequency, similar to previous years. Curly-leaf pondweed was

observed at a frequency of 4 percent annually from 2013 through

2015 (Figures 40 and 43). Reed canary grass was visually observed in

the lake in 2013 and observed at a frequency of 1 percent during

2014 and 2015 (Figure 40). Hybrid cattail was observed at a

frequency of 3 percent in 2013, 1 percent in 2014, and 4 percent in

2015 (Figure 40). Although the frequency of hybrid cattail has

fluctuated since 2013, the differences are not significant.

The native plant community has remained relatively stable from 2013

through 2015. Northern watermilfoil significantly increased in

frequency in 2014 and significantly decreased in frequency in 2015;

its 2015 frequency was relatively similar to its 2013 frequency (Figure

40). Rapid increases and decreases are common for northern

watermilfoil.

There were two positive changes to the plant community in 2015:

A significant increase in small pondweed—observed at a frequency of 1 percent in 2013, not

observed in 2014, and observed at a frequency of 11 percent in 2015 (Figure 40).

4 Bajer, P.G., G. Sullivan, P.W. Sorenson. 2009. Effects of Rapidly Increasing Population of Common Carp on

Vegetative Cover and Waterfowl in a Recently Restored Midwestern Shallow Lake. Hydrobiologia. Doi:

10.1007/s 10750-009-9844-3.

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


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EWM was problematic in Lake Elmo

during 2015. Canopied EWM was

observed in 7 to 10 feet of water along

the north western shoreline (pictured

above) and canopied EWM was mixed

with floating-leaf pondweed in 3 to 4

feet of water on the western shoreline

(pictured immediately below).

EWM density in canopied beds was

typically the maximum rake fullness of 4.

Presence of water stargrass—observed for the first time

in 2015 (Figure 40).

The quality of the lake’s plant community, measured by FQI, and

its diversity, measured by Simpson’s Diversity Index, both

improved in 2015. FQI considers both the quality of the individual

native species in the lake and the number of species collected on

the rake. The 2015 FQI value of 22.1 was higher than values of

19.1 through 21.8 observed in 2013 and 2014 (Figure 41). The

2015 Simpson’s Diversity Index value of 0.92 was higher than

values of 0.88 and 0.89 observed in 2013 and 2014 (Figure 42);

i.e., the probability that two individual plants randomly selected

from the lake will belong to different species increased from 88

and 89 percent in 2013 and 2014 to 92 percent in 2015.

Lake Elmo— Problematic levels of EWM were observed in Lake

Elmo from 2012 through 2015. In 2015, as in previous years, EWM

was the dominant plant in the north and south bays; overall, the

plant increased in total area, frequency of occurrence, and the

percent of the plant growth area occupied. From 2014 to 2015,

EWM area increased from 51 acres to 68 acres (Table 7),

frequency increased from 34 percent to 45 percent (Figure 44),

and percent of the lake’s plant growth area occupied increased

from 45 percent to 59 percent (Table 7). As shown in Figure 45,

dense canopied beds of EWM (beds that have reached the lake

surface) were prevalent in 2015; however, despite the increased

extent and frequency, EWM levels were within the 2012 through

2013 range (Table 7).

Because Lake Elmo is classified as a “natural environment” lake,

the use of herbicides is not allowed without obtaining a variance

to the Minnesota rule. The MDNR did not provide this variance. In

September, the Lake Elmo Lake Association hired divers to hand

remove EWM from an area that was less than an acre. The EWM

hand removal area was about 1 percent of the 68 acres infested

with EWM (Table 7).

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


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Project: 23820405


Although four invasive species are present in Lake Elmo; EWM is the only problematic invasive species. A

single floating CLP plant was observed in Lake Elmo during the 2015 plant survey. CLP frequency in Lake

Elmo was 0 percent from 2013 through 2015 because it was not collected on the rake during plant surveys

(Figure 46). The frequency of reed canary grass declined steadily from 2012 through 2014 and was not

observed in Lake Elmo during 2015 (Figure 47). Narrow-leaved cattails were present but not problematic.

Their 2015 frequency of 17 percent was within the 2012 through 2014 range of 15 to 17 percent (Figure

47).

The Lake Elmo native plant community was stable in 2015 and no significant changes in native plant

frequency were observed (Figure 47).

In addition, 2015 plant community quality (measured by FQI) and diversity (measured by Simpson’s

Diversity Index) were stable. FQI considers both the quality of the individual native species in the lake and

the number of species collected on the rake. The 2015 FQI value of 23.5 was within the 20.4 to 26.1 range

observed from 2012 through 2014 (Figure 48). The 2015 Simpson’s Diversity Index value of 0.88 was

within the 0.88 to 0.91 range of values observed from 2012 through 2014 (Figure 49); i.e., the probability

that two individual plants randomly selected from the lake will belong to different species has remained in

the range of 88 to 91 percent.

Horseshoe Lake—EWM was the dominant plant in Horseshoe Lake in 2015 and was canopied (reached

the lake’s surface) in the majority of the littoral zone (plant growth area). EWM frequency in Horseshoe

Lake is higher than any other VBWD lake (Table 2) and has significantly increased: from 10 percent in

2013, to 40 percent in 2015, to 62 percent in 2015 (Figure 50). There has also been an annual increase in

density: from a rake fullness of 1.4 in 2013, to 2.4 in 2014, to 2.6 in 2015.

EWM was the only problematic invasive species in Horseshoe Lake during 2015. CLP, reed canary grass,

and narrow-leaved cattail frequency have fluctuated at low levels from 2013 through 2015. The 2015 CLP

frequency of 6 percent was within the 4- to 7-percent frequency observed from 2013 through 2014

(Figure 51), and the 2015 reed canary grass frequency of 6 percent was within the 6- to 7-percent

frequency observed during 2013 and 2014 (Figure 51). The 2015 narrow-leaf cattail frequency of 12

percent was only slightly higher than the 8- to 11-percent frequency observed from 2013 through 2014

(Figure 52).

The Horseshoe Lake native plant community was stable in 2015 and no significant changes in native plant

frequency were observed (Figure 52).

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 15

Project: 23820405


Water quality during the 2015 plant survey

was poor, due to an algal bloom (pictured

above).

The 2015 plant community quality, measured by FQI, was stable. FQI considers both the quality of the

individual native species in the lake and the number of species collected on the rake. The 2015 FQI value

of 11 was within the range of values (9 to 12) observed from 2013 through 2014 (Figure 53). Plant

community quality in Horseshoe Lake is poorer than any other VBWD lake.

The annual increase in EWM extent has reduced diversity in Horseshoe Lake, as measured by the

Simpsons Diversity Index. Index values decreased from 0.80 in 2013, to 0.76 in 2014, to 0.71 in 2015

(Figure 54); i.e., the probability that two individual plants randomly selected from the Horseshoe Lake will

belong to different species has decreased from 80 percent in 2013 to 71 percent in 2015. Plant diversity in

Horseshoe Lake is poorer than any other VBWD lake.

McDonald Lake—In 2015, the McDonald Lake plant

community showed signs of recovery from the presumed

2014 illegal herbicide treatment. Plant density, frequency,

quality, and diversity improved in 2015—after the 2014

decline (Table 12 and Figures 55 through 57). The frequency

of occurrence of plants in the lake declined from 95 percent

in 2013 to 79 percent in 2014 and then increased to 88

percent in 2015 (Table 12). Plant density, measured by

average rake fullness, declined from 3.12 in 2013 to 1.92 in

2014 and then increased to 2.39 in 2015 (Table 12). The

quality of the plant community, measured by FQI, declined

from 22.3 in 2013 to 19.0 in 2014 and then increased to 19.8

in 2015 (Table 12 and Figure 56). FQI considers both the

quality of the individual native species in the lake and the

number of species collected on the rake. The diversity of the

Pictured above, panorama of canopied EWM in the northwest bay of Horseshoe Lake, just west of the golf course.

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 16

Project: 23820405


Of the 10 VBWD lakes surveyed in

2015, Sunfish Lake (pictured above)

had the highest number of native

species.

plant community, measured by Simpson’s Diversity Index, declined from 0.85 in 2013 to 0.80 in 2014 and

then increased to 0.83 in 2015 (Table 12 and Figure 57); i.e., the probability that two individual plants

randomly selected from McDonald Lake will belong to different species increased from 80 percent in 2014

to 83 percent in 2015.

In 2015, the frequency of plant species in McDonald Lake was relatively stable. However, four plant

species (common waterweed, nitella, bald spikerush, and large-leaf pondweed) significantly increased in

frequency, while one species (small duckweed) significantly decreased in frequency (Figure 55).

Although three invasive species were present in McDonald Lake during 2015, they were not problematic.

At a frequency of 1 percent, CLP was rare—a few scattered plants were observed growing among the

waterlilies in the south basin (Figures 55 and 58). Narrow-leaved cattails were also rare (frequency of

1 percent), occurring at only a couple of sample locations along the northeastern shoreline (Figure 55).

Reed canary grass frequency in 2015 was 10 percent, which is at the low end of the 2013 to 2014 range of

10 to 15 percent (Figure 55).

Sunfish Lake—Neither invasive nor native plant species were

problematic in Sunfish Lake during 2015. Two invasive species

were present in 2015, but at a low frequency. CLP occurred at a

slightly lower frequency in 2015 (3 percent) than previous years

(4 to 6 percent) (Figure 59). Reed canary grass occurred at a

slightly higher frequency in 2015 (10 percent) than previous

years (4 to 9 percent) (Figure 59).

Of the 10 VBWD lakes surveyed in 2015, Sunfish Lake had the

highest number of native species (31 native species, Table 1).

The native plants were relatively stable in 2015, although

significant frequency changes were observed for three species:

muskgrasses, slender naiad, and leafy pondweed. The unusually

late ice-out in 2014 caused delayed growth for some species

and was the cause of the significant decline in muskgrasses.

With a return to normal ice-out and a normal growing season in 2015, muskgrasses significantly increased

in frequency (Figure 60)—returning to 2013 levels. Both slender naiad and leafy pondweed increased in

frequency in 2014, then significantly decreased in 2015, returning to 2013 levels (Figure 60).

In 2015, plant community quality, measured by FQI, improved slightly. FQI considers both the quality of

the individual native species in the lake and the number of species collected on the rake. FQI has

increased annually since 2013: from 19.5 in 2013, to 24.5 in 2014, to 24.8 in 2015 (Figure 61). The 2015

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 17

Project: 23820405


increase in FQI was accompanied by first-time sightings of four native plant species: hardstem bulrush,

common rush, common bladderwort, and large duckweed. Diversity, measured by Simpson’s Diversity

Index, was stable in 2015. The 2015 Simpson’s Diversity Index value of 0.89 compares with 0.90 during

2013 and 2014; i.e., the probability that two individual plants randomly selected from Sunfish Lake will

belong to different species has ranged from 89 to 90 percent.

Summary

The majority of VBWD lakes had a diverse and high-quality plant community during 2015. Of the 10 lakes

surveyed, Sunfish Lake had the highest number of native species. Lake Jane had the highest quality plant

community, as measured by FQI. Lake Edith and Lake Jane had the most diverse plant communities, as

measured by Simpson’s Diversity Index. The Horseshoe Lake plant community had the fewest native

species, was less diverse, and was of poorer quality than all other VBWD lakes. Rapidly expanding EWM is

the apparent cause of the low number and quality of native species in the lake and the lack of diversity in

the plant community.

Six of the 10 surveyed VBWD lakes are infested with EWM and four were treated with herbicide: Long

Lake, Lake DeMontreville, Lake Olson, and Lake Jane. EWM frequency is highest in Horseshoe Lake (where

it has not been managed), followed by Lake Elmo. Divers removed some EWM from Lake Elmo by hand in

September of 2015.

Long Lake has been treated with herbicide nearly annually since 2011 to reduce EWM extent. All EWM-

infested areas in Long Lake were treated with herbicide in 2015. The average 2,4-D concentration

measured in the lake 3 days after treatment was lethal to EWM. The 2015 treatment reduced EWM area by

93 percent. In June 2010, prior to the start of herbicide treatment, EWM extent was 52 acres, which was 97

percent of the lake’s plant growth area. After treatment in 2015, EWM extent was 0.4 acres, 0.73 percent

of the lake’s plant growth area.

In 2015, the MDNR did not permit herbicide treatment of all EWM-infested areas within Lake

DeMontreville. The total permitted area of 14 acres was only 24 percent of the 58 infested acres. The

average 2,4-D concentration measured in the lake 3 days after treatment was not lethal to EWM, but

attained seasonal control. The herbicide killed EWM plants, but not their root crowns, resulting in

regrowth of EWM later in the season. After treatment, the EWM-infested area of the lake was reduced by

64 percent. The 2015 treatment mitigated the EWM increase that occurred from June of 2014 to spring of

2015.

In 2015, the MDNR also did not permit herbicide treatment of all EWM-infested areas within Lake Olson.

The total permitted treatment area of 7 acres was only 22 percent of the 32 infested acres. Because the

treatment area was small and shallow, the quantity of herbicide allowed for the treatment was insufficient

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 18

Project: 23820405


to attain a lethal, lake-wide 2,4-D concentration and exposure time. The average 2,4-D concentration

measured in the lake 3 days after treatment was less than one-third of the EWM lethal dose. The

treatment reduced EWM area by 11 percent, but EWM frequency increased by 4 percent. The 2015

treatment partially mitigated the EWM increase that occurred from June of 2014 to spring of 2015 and

provided some reduction in EWM area and density; however, the concentration of herbicide in the lake

was too low to reduce the EWM-infested area below 2014 levels.

The MDNR also declined to permit herbicide treatment of all EWM-infested areas within Lake Jane during

2015. The total permitted treatment area of 7.9 acres was only 18 percent of the 44 infested acres. The

average 2,4-D concentration measured 3 days after treatment was less than 20 percent of the lethal EWM

dose. The treatment reduced EWM area by 30 percent, only partially mitigating the EWM increase that

occurred from June of 2014 to spring of 2015. Hence, after treatment, the June 2015 EWM area was 29

percent greater than the June 2014 EWM area.

Herbicide treatment of EWM-infested areas within Lake Elmo was not permitted by the MDNR. In

September, the Lake Elmo Lake Association hired divers to remove EWM by hand from an area that was

less than an acre. This was about 1 percent of the 68 EWM-infested acres.

All 10 surveyed VBWD lakes are infested with CLP. However, Eagle Point Lake is the only lake with

problematic infestation. CLP was stable in Eagle Point Lake in 2015 with a density and distribution similar

to 2014 levels.

Yellow iris, an invasive species, was common on the southern shorelines of Lake DeMontreville. It appears

that residents are unaware that this is an invasive, non-native plant and are maintaining it along their

shorelines. Residents are advised to remove the yellow iris plants from their shoreline to prevent the

spread and proliferation of this invasive species.

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 19

Project: 23820405


Description of Tables

Table 1 summarizes the results of the 2015 aquatic plant surveys of 10 VBWD lakes. The following data are

presented:

Number of species—the number of different plant species that were either collected on the rake

or observed in the lake (e.g., water lilies or cattail beds not collected on the rake but observed).

This number includes both invasive and native species.

Number of native species—the number of native plant species that were either collected on the

rake or observed in the lake.

Number of native species collected on rake—only native plants collected on the rake were

used for this statistic.

Number of invasive species—the number of invasive plant species that were either collected on

the rake or observed in the lake.

Maximum depth of plant growth—the maximum depth that plants were found in the lake.

Frequency of occurrence—the frequency with which plants were found in water shallower than

the maximum depth of plant growth.

Average rake fullness—the density of plant growth, as measured by rake fullness on a scale of

1 to 4, where:

1 = less than 1/3 of the rake head full of plants.

2 = from 1/3 to 2/3 of the rake head full of plants.

3 = more than 2/3 of the rake head full of plants.

4 = rake head is full, with plants overtopping the rake head.

Simpson Diversity Index Value—index used to measure plant diversity, which assesses the

overall health of the lake’s plant communities. The index, with scores ranging from 0 to 1,

considers both the number of species present and the evenness of species distribution. The

scores represent the probability that two individual plants randomly selected from the lake will

belong to different species. A high score indicates a more diverse plant community—a higher

probability that two randomly selected plants will represent different species.

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


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Project: 23820405


C value—scale of values used to measure the average tolerance of the plant community to

degraded conditions. Plant species are assigned C values on a scale of 0 to 10, with increasing

values indicating plants are less tolerant of degraded conditions and of better quality. An average

of the C values for individual species within a lake’s plant community indicates the average

tolerance of the community to degraded conditions.

Floristic Quality Index (FQI) value—FQI was used to assess the quality of the plant communities

in VBWD lakes. FQI considers both the quality of the individual native species found in the lake (C

value) and the number of native species collected on the rake. Although Minnesota has not kept a

record of FQI values, recorded Wisconsin FQI values range from 3 (degraded plant communities)

to 49 (diverse native plant communities). The median FQI for Wisconsin is 22.

Table 2 summarizes invasive species data from the 10 VBWD lakes surveyed in 2015. The table shows the

frequency of occurrence of species collected on the rake and mentions species that were observed but

not collected on the rake.

Tables 3 through 7 summarize Eurasian watermilfoil (EWM) extent during the period of record for Long

Lake, Lake DeMontreville, Lake Olson, Lake Jane, and Lake Elmo. EWM extent is shown as acres of EWM in

the lake and also as a percent of the plant growth area.

Tables 8 through 11 compare frequency of native species for 2014 and 2015, number of native species

collected on the rake, and both the frequency and area of EWM in Long Lake, Lake DeMontreville, Lake

Olson, and Lake Jane.

Table 12 summarizes the McDonald Lake plant community, including data on frequency of occurrence,

density, diversity, and plant community quality.

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 21

Project: 23820405


Table 1 2015 Valley Branch Watershed District Lake Plant Survey Summary Statistics

Lake

Number

of

Species

Number

of

Native

Species

Number

of Native

Species

Collected

on Rake*

Number

of

Invasive

Species

Maximum

Depth of

Plant

Growth

(feet)

Frequency of

Occurrence

(%)

Average

Rake

Fullness

Simpson

Diversity

Index

Value C Value

FQI

Value

Jane 30 25 24 5 23.0 96 2.37 0.92 6.4 31.4

Elmo 30 26 18 4 20.5 99 2.85 0.88 5.3 23.5

Sunfish 34 31 22 3 11.0 76 1.89 0.89 5.7 24.8

Olson 28 24 19 4 18.5 85 1.76 0.90 6.1 26.6

DeMontreville 28 23 19 5 26.5 94 1.76 0.90 6.0 26.8

McDonald 22 19 16 3 11.0 88 2.39 0.83 4.9 19.8

Eagle Point 17 14 12 3 4.0 100 3.24 0.84 5.1 19.2

Edith 22 19 16 3 12.0 91 1.51 0.92 5.4 22.1

Horseshoe 14 10 7 4 11.0 79 2.71 0.71 3.9 11.0

Long 18 14 12 4 27.0 49 1.73 0.77 5.3 16.8

Average 24 21 17 4 16.5 86 2.22 0.86 5.4 22.2

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 22

Project: 23820405


Table 2 2015 Valley Branch Watershed District Invasive Species Summary:

Frequency of Occurrence at Sites Shallower than Maximum Depth of Plant Growth

(Percent or Observed)

Lake

Myriophyllum

spicatum

(Eurasian

watermilfoil)

Potamogeton

crispus

(curly-leaf

pondweed)

Phalaris

arundinacea

(reed canary

grass)

Lythrum

salicaria

(purple

loosestrife)

Typha

angustifolia

(narrowleaf

cattail)

Typha

glauca

(hybrid

cattail)

Iris

pseudacorus

(yellow iris)

Horseshoe 62 6 6 -- 12 -- --

Elmo 45 Observed* Observed* -- 17 -- --

Olson 28 5 Observed* -- Observed* -- --

DeMontreville 17 31 Observed* -- -- 1 Observed*

Jane 23 11 Observed* Observed* Observed* -- --

Long 1 6 Observed* -- -- Observed* --

Eagle Point -- 59 Observed* -- 29 -- --

Sunfish -- 3 10 -- Observed* -- --

Edith -- 4 1 -- -- 4 --

McDonald -- 1 10 -- 1 -- --

*Observed in the lake but not collected on the rake.

Table 3 Long Lake Acres of EWM, Acres of Plant Growth, and EWM Extent as a Percent of Plant

Growth Area with EWM

Lake Sample Date EWM Extent:

Acres of EWM

Acres of Plant

Growth Area

EWM Extent: % of Plant


Long Lake 6/15/2010 52.31 53.71 97.39%

Long Lake 8/1/2011 4.89 22.67 21.56%

Long Lake 4/29/2012 2.44 31.47 7.74%

Long Lake 6/18/2012 7.24 21.06 34.39%

Long Lake (Partial Survey) 5/16/2013 14.28 -- --

Long Lake 6/24/2013 7.88 50.43 15.62%

Long Lake 5/24/2014 9.75 39.94 24.41%

Long Lake 6/25/2014 4.77 47.68 10.00%

Long Lake 5/9/2015 5.5 52.81 10.41%

Long Lake 6/22/2015 0.4 54.72 0.73%

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 23

Project: 23820405


Table 4 Lake DeMontreville Acres of EWM, Acres of Plant Growth, and EWM Extent as a

Percent of Plant Growth Area with EWM


Acres of EWM

Acres of Plant

Growth Area



Lake DeMontreville 6/18/2012 5.39 137.07 3.93%






Table 5 Lake Olson Acres of EWM, Acres of Plant Growth, and EWM Extent as a Percent of

Plant Growth Area with EWM


Acres of EWM

Acres of Plant

Growth Area



Lake Olson 6/18/2012 2.17 88.03 2.46%

Lake Olson 6/24/2013 3.55 89.01 3.99%

Lake Olson 5/24/2014 22.96 87.11 26.36%

Lake Olson 6/28/2014 23.96 89.02 26.92%

Lake Olson 5/9/2015 31.77 89.26 35.59%

Lake Olson 6/21/2015 28.13 87.02 32.33%

Table 6 Lake Jane Acres of EWM, Acres of Plant Growth, and EWM Extent as a Percent of Plant



Acres of EWM

Acres of Plant

Growth Area



Lake Jane 6/18/2012 0.10 118.54 0.08%

Lake Jane 6/28/2013 1.68 121.82 1.38%

Lake Jane 6/27/2014 24.08 112.61 21.38%

Lake Jane 5/9/2015 44.16 125.08 35.31%

Lake Jane 6/21/2015 31.01 126.77 24.46%

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 24

Project: 23820405


Table 7 2015 Lake Elmo Acres of EWM, Acres of Plant Growth, and EWM Extent as a Percent of

Plant Growth Area with EWM


Acres of EWM

Acres of Plant

Growth Area



Elmo 6/18-19/2012 71.09 112.68 63.09

Elmo 6/28/2013 52.69 109.61 48.07

Elmo 6/27/2014 50.58 112.42 44.99

Elmo 6/21/2015 67.52 113.53 59.47

Table 8 Long Lake Results: Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment EWM and Native Species—

June 2014 and June 2015

Parameter June 2014 June 2015

Frequency of EWM (%) 10 1

Area of EWM (acres) 4.77 0.4

Frequency of Native Species (%) 33 47

# of Native Species Collected on the Rake 10 10

Table 9 Lake DeMontreville Results: Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment EWM and Native

Species—June 2014 and June 2015



Area of EWM (acres) 27 21



To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 25

Project: 23820405


Table 10 Lake Olson Results: Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment EWM and Native Species—







Table 11 Lake Jane Results: Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment EWM and Native Species—







Table 12 2013–2015 McDonald Lake Frequency, Density, Diversity, and Quality of Plant

Community

Sample Date Frequency of

Occurrence* (%)*

Density (Average

Rake Fullness)

Simpson Diversity

Index

Plant Community

Quality (FQI)

6/27/2013 95 3.12 0.85 22.3

6/26/2014 79 1.92 0.80 19.0

6/23/2015 88 2.39 0.83 19.8

*Frequency of occurrence at sites shallower than maximum depth of plant growth

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 26

Project: 23820405


Description of Figures

Figures 1, 12, 20, and 28 show the 2015 herbicide treatment areas for Long Lake, Lake

DeMontreville, Lake Olson, and Lake Jane.

Figure 2 shows the percent of EWM-infested area treated with herbicide in Long Lake, Lake

DeMontreville, Lake Olson, and Lake Jane.

Figure 3 compares the 2,4-D concentrations measured in the treated lakes with the 2,4-D dose

that is lethal to EWM.

Figure 4 compares the May 2015 (pre-treatment) EWM area with the June 2015 (post-treatment)

EWM area in the treated lakes and notes the percent reduction in EWM area for each lake.

Figures 5, 13, 21, and 29 summarize EWM area in treated lakes for the period of record.

Figures 6, 14, 22, and 30 summarize EWM frequency in treated lakes for the period of record.

Figures 7, 15, 23, and 31 compare pre- and post-treatment EWM rake fullness in lakes treated in

2015.

Figure 45 shows EWM extent in Lake Elmo during 2015.

Figure 50 summarizes the EWM frequency in Horseshoe Lake for 2013 through 2015.

Figures 11, 19, 27, 35, 36, 43, 46, 51, 58 and 59 summarize the curly-leaf pondweed frequency for

the period of record in the 10 VBWD lakes surveyed in 2015.

Figures 8, 16, 24, 32, 37, 40, 47, 52, 55, and 60 summarize the frequency of occurrence of

individual plant species observed in the 10 VBWD lakes that were surveyed in 2015. The figures

show species frequency for the entire period of record. The figures denote significant changes in

frequency between years with asterisks. The number of asterisks denotes the degree of

confidence that the change is not due to chance. One asterisk indicates a 95 percent confidence,

two asterisks indicate a 99 percent confidence, and three asterisks indicate a 99.9-percent

confidence.

Figures 9, 17, 25, 33, 38, 41, 48, 53, 56, and 61 summarize the FQI values during the period of

record for the 10 VBWD lakes surveyed in 2015.

Figures 10, 18, 26, 34, 39, 42, 49, 54, 57, and 62 summarize Simpson’s Diversity Index values

during the period of record for the 10 VBWD lakes surveyed in 2015.

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Treatment Area 16.01 acres

Avg. Depth: 7.0 ft


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Figure 1EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL

TREATMENT AREAS, MAY 2015PLANT SURVEY RESULTS AND

HERBICIDE RESIDUE MONITORINGLOCATIONS

Long Lake (82011800)Washington County

Valley Branch Watershed District

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To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 28

Project: 23820405


Figure 2 Percentage of EWM Area Treated with 2,4-D in 2015 per MDNR Permit

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To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 29

Project: 23820405


Figure 3 Comparison of Lethal 2,4-D Dose with Herbicide Residue Data (3 Days after Treatment)

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*acid equivalent (ae) is a measure of the amount of 2,4-D acid applied - the ingredient within 2,4-D that binds to EWM and kills the plant.

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 30

Project: 23820405


Figure 4 May 2015 Pre-Treatment and June 2015 Post-Treatment EWM Extent

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nt

(Ac

res

)

Pre-Treatment EWM Extent

Post-Treatment EWM Extent

93% EWM

Reduction

64% EWM

Reduction

11% EWM

Reduction

30% EWM

Reduction

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 31

Project: 23820405


Figure 5 2010–2015 Long Lake Eurasian Watermilfoil Extent

52.3

4.9 2.4 7.2

14.3

7.9 9.8 4.8 5.5 0.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

EW

M E

xte

nt

(acre

s)

Herbicide treatments occurred in early spring of 2011, 2013, 2014, and 2015

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 32

Project: 23820405


Figure 6 20102015 Long Lake Eurasian Watermilfoil Frequency of Occurrence at Sites Shallower

than Maximum Depth of Plant Growth

92

29

10

29

71

19 28

10 11 1 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

ccu

rren

ce a

t S

ites S

hallo

wer

than

M

axim

um

Dep

th o

f P

lan

t G

row

th (

%)

Herbicide treatments occurred in early spring of 2011, 2013, 2014, and 2015

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 33

Project: 23820405


Figure 7 Long Lake: 2015 Pre- and Post-Treatment EWM Rake Fullness

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

All EWM EWM RakeFullness 1

EWM RakeFullness 2

EWM RakeFullness 3

EWM RakeFullness 4

Nu

mb

er

of

Sit

es

Pre-treatment (5/9/2015)

Post-treatment (June 22, 2015)

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 34

Project: 23820405


Note: * indicates a significant change in frequency of occurrence between years

Figure 8 2010–2015 Long Lake Frequency of Occurrence in Plant Growth Area of the Lake

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Eu

rasia

n w

ate

rmilfo

il

Wate

r sta

r-g

rass

Cu

rly-l

eaf

po

nd

weed

Sle

nd

er

naia

d

Mu

skg

rasses

Sm

all p

on

dw

eed

Filam

en

tou

s a

lgae

Co

on

tail

Fo

rked

du

ckw

eed

Sm

all d

uckw

eed

Need

le s

pik

eru

sh

Hard

ste

m b

ulr

ush

Reed

can

ary

gra

ss

Catt

ail

No

rth

ern

wate

rmilfo

il

Willo

w

Larg

e d

uckw

eed

Riv

er

bu

lru

sh

Co

mm

on

wate

rweed

Nit

ella

Hyb

rid

catt

ail

Aq

uati

c m

oss

Co

mm

on

wate

rmeal

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

ccu

rren

ce (

%)

2010-2015 Long Lake: Frequency of Occurrence

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

*

* means p < 0.05 (95 % Confidence Difference is Significant) ** means p < 0.01 (99% Confidence Difference is Significant)*** means p < 0.001 (99.9% Confidence Difference is Significant)

***

***

***

***

**

**

*

***

***

***

*

*****

* *

**

*

**

***

**

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 35

Project: 23820405


Figure 9 2010–2015 Long Lake Floristic Quality Index (FQI) Values

14.1 15.7

18.5 17.7 17.4 16.8

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

6/15/2010 8/1/2011 6/18/2012 6/24/2013 6/25/2014 6/22/2015

FQ

I V

alu

es

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 36

Project: 23820405


Figure 10 2010–2015 Long Lake Simpson Diversity Index Values

0.40

0.80 0.85

0.81 0.83 0.77

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

6/15/2010 8/1/2011 6/18/2012 6/24/2013 6/25/2014 6/22/2015

Sim

pso

n D

ivers

ity I

nd

ex V

alu

es

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 37

Project: 23820405


Figure 11 2010–2015 Long Lake Curly-leaf Pondweed Frequency of Occurrence at Sites Shallower


6 2

41

25

11

6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

6/15/2010 8/1/2011 6/8/2012 6/24/2013 6/27/2014 6/22/2015

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

cc

urr

en

ce

at

Sit

es

Sh

all

ow

er

tha

n M

ax

imu

m D

ep

th o

f P

lan

t G

row

th (

%)

!( !( D !(

!( !( D D !.

!( !( D D D !(

!( D D D D D

!( D D D D D D D !( D !(

!( D !( !( !. !( D !( D D D

!( D !( !( D D D D

!. D D D D D D

D D D D D !(

D D D !( D !(

!( D D D !(

D D !( D

D D !(

!( D D D

D D D !(

D D D !( !.

D D D !( !(

!( D D !( D D

D D !( D !(

$1

$1

$1

Treatment Area C3.0 acres

Avg. Depth: 4.2 ft

Treatment Area D6.4 acres

Avg. Depth: 6.8 ft

Treatment Area A3.2 acres

Avg. Depth: 6.5 ft

Treatment Area B1.4 acres

Avg. Depth: 4.5 ft

D-1

D-2

D-3

456713

456735

©̈13B

Hill Tr N

Demo

ntrev

ille Tr

N

50th St N

Olson Lake Tr N

Hidde

n Bay

Tr NHillvale Ave N

Windbreak Tr N

Upper 45th St N

Highlands Tr N

Deer

Pond

Tr N

53rd St N

Hytrail Ave N

Hillvale Way N

Highlands Ct N

Hill Trail Ct N

Hidden Bay Ct N

Highlands Tr N





Lake DeMontreville (82010100)Washington County


EWM Survey ResultsD Not Observed!. Visual Only!( Density = 1!( Density = 2!( Density = 3

!( Density = 4Treatment Area


Barr

Foote

r: ArcG

IS 10

.3.1,

2015

-10-02

10:29

File:

I:\Cl

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BWD\

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_Orde

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onito

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s\201

5\Data

Sum

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Repo

rt\Figu

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- Eura

sian W

aterm

ilfoil (

EWM)

Trea

tmen

t Area

s, Ma

y 201

5 Surv

ey R

esult

s, an

d Herb

icide

Res

idue M

onito

ring L

ocati

ons -

Lake

DeM

ontre

ville.m

xd U

ser: K

AC2

0 450 900225Feet!;N

Prepared by Margaret Rattei and Kelly Wild, Barr Engineering, for Valley BranchWatershed District based on results of a survey done by Matt Berg on May 9, 2015.The Valley Branch Watershed District prepared this map to assist the Lake DeMontreville/Olson Association.

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 39

Project: 23820405


Figure 13 2012–2015 Lake DeMontreville Eurasian Watermilfoil Extent

5.4

50.9 53.1

26.8

58.0

20.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

6/18/2012 6/24/2013 5/24/2014 6/28/2014 5/10/2015 6/21/2015

EW

M E

xte

nt

(ac

res

)

Small-scale herbicide treatments occurred in early spring of 2014 and 2015

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 40

Project: 23820405


4

33 34

19

35

17

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

6/18/2012 6/24/2013 5/24/2014 6/28/2014 5/10/2015 6/21/2015

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

ccu

rren

ce a

t S

ites S

hallo

wer

than

M

axim

um

Dep

th o

f P

lan

t G

row

th (

%)


To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 41

Project: 23820405


Figure 14 2012–2015 Lake DeMontreville Eurasian Watermilfoil Frequency of Occurrence at Sites

Shallower than Maximum Depth of Plant Growth

Figure 15 Lake DeMontreville: 2015 Pre- and Post-Treatment Rake Fullness

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40


EWM RakeFullness 2

EWM RakeFullness 3

EWM RakeFullness 4

Nu

mb

er

of

Sit

es

Pre-treatment (May 10, 2015)

Post-treatment (June 21, 2015)

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 42

Project: 23820405



Figure 16 2012–2015 Lake DeMontreville Frequency of Occurrence in Plant Growth Area of the Lake

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Fla

t-s

tem

po

nd

we

ed

Cu

rly

-le

af

po

nd

we

ed

Sm

all p

on

dw

eed

Co

on

tail

Fo

rke

d d

uc

kw

eed

Fern

po

nd

we

ed

Nit

ella

Illin

ois

po

nd

we

ed

Co

mm

on

wa

terw

eed

Mu

sk

gra

ss

es

Fila

me

nto

us

alg

ae

Wa

ter

sta

r-g

rass

No

rth

ern

wa

term

ilfo

il

Eu

rasia

n w

ate

rmil

foil

Larg

e-l

eaf

po

nd

we

ed

Wh

ite

wa

ter

cro

wfo

ot

Wild

cele

ry

Wh

ite

wa

ter

lily

Sle

nd

er

naia

d

Ne

ed

le s

pik

eru

sh

Re

ed

ca

na

ry g

rass

Hyb

rid

catt

ail

Co

mm

on

wa

term

ea

l

Aq

ua

tic

mo

ss

Sm

all d

uc

kw

eed

So

uth

ern

na

iad

Fri

es' p

on

dw

eed

So

fts

tem

bu

lru

sh

Larg

e d

uc

kw

eed

Sa

go

po

nd

we

ed

Sp

iny

sp

ore

d-q

uillw

ort

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

ccu

rre

nce

(%

)

2012-2015 Lake DeMontreville: Frequency of Occurrence

2012

2013

2014

2015

**

***

*

*

***

*

***

**


*

*

***

***

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 43

Project: 23820405


Figure 17 2012–2015 Lake DeMontreville Floristic Quality Index (FQI) Values

25.0 26.2 26.8 26.8

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

6/18/2012 6/24/2013 6/28/2014 6/21/2015

Flo

risti

c Q

uality

In

dex (

FQ

I) V

alu

es

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 44

Project: 23820405


Figure 18 2012–2015 Lake DeMontreville Simpson Diversity Index Values

0.89 0.90 0.90 0.90

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

6/18/2012 6/24/2013 6/28/2014 6/21/2015

Sim

pso

n D

ivers

ity I

nd

ex V

alu

es

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 45

Project: 23820405


Figure 19 2012–2015 Lake DeMontreville Curly-leaf Pondweed Frequency of Occurrence at Sites


49

42

10

31

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

6/18/2012 6/24/2013 6/28/2014 6/21/2015

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

cc

urr

en

ce

at

Sit

es

Sh

all

ow

er

tha

n M

ax

imu

m D

ep

th o

f P

lan

t G

row

th (

%)

D !.

!( !. !( !( !( D

!( D D D D D D D

!( D D D !( D !( D

D D D D D D

!. D D !( D D D !.

D D D D D !( D !( !.

D D D D D D D D !.

D D !( D D D D D !(

D !( D D D D D D !.

D D D D D D !. !.

D !( D D D !( !( !( !(

!. !( D D !( D D !( D

!( !( D D D !( !(

D !( !( !( !.

D D

D D !(

D !(

!(

$1

$1

$1


Avg. Depth: 7.6 ft

O-1

O-2

O-3

456713

456735

©̈13B

Hill Tr N

Olson Lake Tr N

50th St N

Hidde

n Bay

Tr N

Hillva

le Av

e N

44th St N

Deer Pond Tr N

Upper 45th St N

Windbreak Tr N

44th Street Ct NHillvale Way N

Hill Trail Ct N

Hidden Bay Ct N

Hillvale Cir N

Hill T

r N

44th St N





Lake Olson (82010300)Washington County


EWM Survey ResultsD Not Observed!. Visual Only!( Density = 1!( Density = 2

Treatment Area


Barr

Foote

r: ArcG

IS 10

.3.1,

2015

-08-28

14:38

File:

I:\Cl

ient\V

BWD\

Distric

t\Work

_Orde

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ke_M

onito

ring\M

aps\R

eport

s\201

5\Data

Sum

mary

Repo

rt\Figu

re 3 -

Euras

ian W

aterm

ilfoil (

EWM)

Trea

tmen

t Area

s and

May

2015

Surv

ey R

esult

s and

Herb

icide

Res

idue M

onito

ring L

ocati

ons -

Lake

Olso

n.mxd

Use

r: KAC

2

0 350 700175Feet!;N

Prepared by Margaret Rattei and Kelly Wild, Barr Engineering, for Valley BranchWatershed District based on results of a survey done by Matt Berg on May 9, 2015.The Valley Branch Watershed District prepared this map to assist the Lake DeMontreville/Olson Association.

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 47

Project: 23820405


Figure 21 2012–2015 Lake Olson Eurasian Watermilfoil Extent

2.2 3.6

23.0 24.0

31.8

28.1

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

6/18/2012 6/24/2013 5/24/2014 6/28/2014 5/9/2015 6/21/2015

EW

M E

xte

nt

(acre

s)


To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 48

Project: 23820405


Figure 22 2012–2015 Lake Olson Eurasian Watermilfoil Frequency of Occurrence at Sites


3 5

26

28 27

28

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

6/18/2012 6/24/2013 5/24/2014 6/28/2014 5/9/2015 6/21/2015

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

ccu

rren

ce a

t S

ite

s S

ha

llo

wer

tha

n

Maxim

um

Dep

th o

f P

lan

t G

row

th (

%)


To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 49

Project: 23820405


Figure 23 Lake Olson: 2015 Pre- and Post-Treatment Rake Fullness

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


EWM RakeFullness 2

EWM RakeFullness 3

EWM RakeFullness 4

Nu

mb

er

of

Sit

es


Post-treatment (6/21/2015)

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 50

Project: 23820405



Figure 24 2012–2015 Lake Olson Frequency of Occurrence in Plant Growth Area of the Lake

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Co

on

tail

Mu

sk

gra

ss

es

Nee

dle

sp

ikeru

sh

Cre

ep

ing

sp

ikeru

sh

Co

mm

on

wa

terw

eed

Wa

ter

sta

r-g

rass

Sp

iny

-sp

ore

d q

uillw

ort

Fo

rke

d d

uc

kw

eed

No

rth

ern

wa

ter-

milfo

il

Eu

rasia

n w

ate

r m

ilfo

il

Sle

nd

er

naia

d

So

uth

ern

na

iad

Nit

ella

Wh

ite

wa

ter

lily

Re

ed

ca

na

ry g

rass

Larg

e-l

eaf

po

nd

we

ed

Cu

rly

-le

af

po

nd

we

ed

Illin

ois

po

nd

we

ed

Sm

all p

on

dw

eed

Fern

po

nd

we

ed

Fla

t-s

tem

po

nd

we

ed

Wh

ite

wa

ter

cro

wfo

ot

So

fts

tem

bu

lru

sh

Wild

ce

lery

Aq

ua

tic

mo

ss

Fila

me

nto

us

alg

ae

Lo

ng

-le

af

po

nd

we

ed

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

ccu

rre

nce

(%

)

2012-2015 Lake Olson: Frequency of Occurrence

2012

2013

2014

2015

**

***

*

*

***

*

**

**


*

**

** *

***

* *

***

*

*

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 51

Project: 23820405


Figure 25 2012–2015 Lake Olson Floristic Quality Index (FQI) Values

25.9 25.2

28.0 26.6

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

6/18/2012 6/24/2013 6/28/2014 6/21/2015

Flo

risti

c Q

uality

In

dex (

FQ

I) V

alu

es

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 52

Project: 23820405


Figure 26 2012–2015 Lake Olson Simpson Diversity Index Values

0.92 0.91 0.90 0.90

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

6/18/2012 6/24/2013 6/28/2014 6/21/2015

Sim

pso

n D

ivers

ity I

nd

ex V

alu

es

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 53

Project: 23820405


Figure 27 2012–2015 Lake Olson Curly-leaf Pondweed Frequency of Occurrence at Sites Shallower


28

43

3 5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

6/18/2012 6/24/2013 6/28/2014 6/21/2015

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

cc

urr

en

ce

at

Sit

es

Sh

all

ow

er

tha

n M

ax

imu

m D

ep

th o

f P

lan

t G

row

th (

%)

!( !( !(

!( !( D D D !( !. !. !(

!( D D D D D D !. D !( !(

D D D D D D D D D D D !( !(

!( D D D D D D D D D D D D !( !(

!( D D D D D D D D D D D D D !(

!. D D D D D D D D D D D D !( !(

!. D D D D D D D D D D !( D !( !(

!( !( D D !( D !( D !( D D !. !(

$1

$1

$1

Treatment Area B3.5 acres

Avg. Depth: 3.7 ft


Avg. Depth: 3.3 ft

Treatment Area D0.6 acres

Avg. Depth: 5.5 ft

Treatment Area C1.1 acres

Avg. Depth: 5.0 ft

J-1

J-2

J-3


EWM Survey ResultsD Not Observed!. Visual Only!( Density = 1!( Density = 2!( Density = 3

Treatment Area


Barr

Foote

r: ArcG

IS 10

.3.1,

2015

-10-02

10:29

File:

I:\Cl

ient\V

BWD\

Distric

t\Work

_Orde

rs\La

ke_M

onito

ring\M

aps\R

eport

s\201

5\Data

Sum

mary

Repo

rt\Figu

re 28

- Eura

sin W

aterm

ilfoil (

EWM)

Trea

tmen

t Area

s, Ma

y 201

5 Surv

ey R

esult

s, an

d Herb

icide R

esidu

e Mon

itorin

g Loc

ation

s - La

ke Ja

ne.m

xd U

ser: K

AC2

0 500 1,000250Feet!;N

Prepared by Margaret Rattei and Kelly Wild, Barr Engineering, for Valley BranchWatershed District based on results of a survey done by Matt Berg on May 9, 2015.The Valley Branch Watershed District prepared this map to assist the Lake Jane Association.




Lake Jane (82010400)Washington County


To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 55

Project: 23820405


Figure 29 2012–2015 Lake Jane Eurasian Watermilfoil Extent

0.1 1.7

24.1

44.2

31.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

6/18/2012 6/28/2013 6/27/2014 5/9/2015 6/21/2015

EW

M E

xte

nt

(acre

s)

Small-scale herbicide treatment occurred in early spring of 2015

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 56

Project: 23820405


Figure 30 2012–2015 Lake Jane Eurasian Watermilfoil Frequency of Occurrence at Sites Shallower


0 2

19

32

23

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

6/18/2012 6/28/2013 6/27/2014 5/9/2015 6/21/2015

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

ccu

rren

ce a

t S

ites S

hallo

wer

than

M

axim

um

Dep

th o

f P

lan

t G

row

th (

%) Small-scale herbicide treatment occurred in early

spring of 2015

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 57

Project: 23820405


Figure 31 Lake Jane: 2015 Pre- and Post-Treatment Rake Fullness

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


EWM RakeFullness 2

EWM RakeFullness 3

EWM RakeFullness 4

Nu

mb

er

of

Sit

es


Post-treatment (6/21/2015)

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 58

Project: 23820405



Figure 32 2012–2015 Lake Jane Frequency of Occurrence in Plant Growth Area of the Lake

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Fern

po

nd

we

ed

Co

on

tail

Co

mm

on

wa

terw

eed

Illin

ois

po

nd

we

ed

No

rth

ern

wa

term

ilfo

il

Larg

e-l

eaf

po

nd

we

ed

Mu

sk

gra

ss

es

Cu

rly

-le

af

po

nd

we

ed

Fla

t-s

tem

po

nd

we

ed

Wh

ite

wa

ter

cro

wfo

ot

Wh

ite-s

tem

po

nd

weed

Sle

nd

er

naia

d

Sm

all p

on

dw

eed

Wa

ter

sta

r-g

rass

So

uth

ern

na

iad

Wh

ite

wa

ter

lily

Wild

ce

lery

Ne

ed

le s

pik

eru

sh

Bro

wn

-fru

ite

d r

us

h

Sm

all d

uc

kw

eed

Cre

ste

d a

rro

wh

ead

Fila

me

nto

us

alg

ae

Wate

rsh

ield

Fo

rke

d d

uc

kw

eed

Fri

es' p

on

dw

eed

Sa

go

po

nd

we

ed

Co

mm

on

wa

term

ea

l

Bro

ad

-le

av

ed

wo

olly

sed

ge

Ba

ld s

pik

eru

sh

Sp

iny

sp

ore

d-q

uillw

ort

Ba

ltic

ru

sh

Ca

na

da

ru

sh

Eu

rasia

n w

ate

rmil

foil

Nit

ella

Lo

ng

-leaf

po

nd

weed

So

fts

tem

bu

lru

sh

Ho

rned

po

nd

we

ed

Aq

ua

tic

mo

ss

Wa

ter

ma

rig

old

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

ccu

rre

nce

(%

)

2012-2015 Lake Jane: Frequency of Occurrence

2012

2013

2014

2015

*


***

*

**

***

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 59

Project: 23820405


Figure 33 2012–2015 Lake Jane Floristic Quality Index (FQI) Values

31.0 32.7 32.0 31.4

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

6/18/2012 6/28/2013 6/27/2014 6/21/2015

Flo

risti

c Q

ua

lity

In

de

x (

FQ

I) V

alu

es

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 60

Project: 23820405


Figure 34 2012–2015 Lake Jane Simpson Diversity Index Values

0.92 0.91 0.92 0.92

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

6/18/2012 6/28/2013 6/27/2014 6/21/2015

Sim

pso

n D

ivers

ity I

nd

ex V

alu

es

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 61

Project: 23820405


Figure 35 2012–2015 Lake Jane Curly-leaf Pondweed Frequency of Occurrence at Sites Shallower


16

12

8

11

0

5

10

15

20

6/18/2012 6/28/2013 6/27/2014 6/21/2015

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

cc

urr

en

ce

at

Sit

es

Sh

all

ow

er

tha

n M

ax

imu

m D

ep

th o

f P

lan

t G

row

th (

%)

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 62

Project: 23820405


Figure 36 2012–2015 Eagle Point Lake Curly-leaf Pondweed Frequency of Occurrence at Sites


79

58 54

59

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

6/19/2012 6/27/2013 6/26/2014 6/23/2015

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

cc

urr

en

ce

at

Sit

es

Sh

all

ow

er

tha

n M

ax

imu

m D

ep

th o

f P

lan

t G

row

th (

%)

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 63

Project: 23820405



Figure 37 2012–2015 Eagle Point Lake Frequency of Occurrence in Plant Growth Area of the Lake

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Cu

rly

-le

af

po

nd

we

ed

Co

mm

on

wa

terw

eed

Co

on

tail

Sm

all p

on

dw

eed

Na

rro

w-l

eav

ed

catt

ail

Riv

er

bu

lru

sh

Ho

rned

po

nd

we

ed

Larg

e d

uc

kw

eed

Sm

all d

uc

kw

eed

Sa

go

po

nd

we

ed

Fila

me

nto

us

alg

ae

Lea

fy p

on

dw

eed

Nit

ella

So

fts

tem

bu

lru

sh

Sle

nd

er

ric

cia

Co

mm

on

bla

dd

erw

ort

Mu

sk

gra

ss

es

Fo

rke

d d

uc

kw

eed

Sle

nd

er

naia

d

Fri

es' p

on

dw

eed

Fla

t-s

tem

po

nd

we

ed

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

ccu

rre

nce

(%

)

2012-2015 Eagle Point Lake: Frequency of Occurrence

2012

2013

2014

2015

**

***

***

*

***

*

***

**


*

*

**

***

*

** *

*

**

****

***

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 64

Project: 23820405


Figure 38 2012–2015 Eagle Point Lake Floristic Quality Index (FQI) Values

18.7 20.7

22.6

19.2

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

6/19/2012 6/27/2013 6/26/2014 6/23/2015

Flo

ris

tic Q

ua

lity

In

de

x (

FQ

I) V

alu

es

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 65

Project: 23820405


Figure 39 2012–2015 Eagle Point Lake Simpson Diversity Index Values

0.84 0.88 0.85 0.84

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

6/19/2012 6/27/2013 6/26/2014 6/23/2015

Sim

pso

n D

ive

rsit

y I

nd

ex

Va

lue

s

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 66

Project: 23820405



Figure 40 2013–2015 Lake Edith Frequency of Occurrence in Plant Growth Area of the Lake

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Co

on

tail

Sa

go

po

nd

we

ed

Sle

nd

er

naia

d

Illin

ois

po

nd

we

ed

Mu

sk

gra

ss

es

Ho

rned

po

nd

we

ed

Fila

me

nto

us

alg

ae

Sm

all d

uc

kw

eed

Fri

es' p

on

dw

eed

Larg

e d

uc

kw

eed

No

rth

ern

wa

ter-

milfo

il

Sp

att

erd

oc

k

Fla

t-s

tem

po

nd

we

ed

Cu

rly

-le

af

po

nd

we

ed

Wild

cele

ry

Hy

bri

d c

att

ail

Sm

all p

on

dw

eed

Pu

rple

-fri

ng

ed

ric

cia

So

fts

tem

bu

lru

sh

Co

mm

on

wa

term

ea

l

Re

ed

ca

na

ry g

rass

Wa

ter

sta

r-g

rass

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

ccu

rre

nce

(%

)

2013-2015 Lake Edith: Frequency of Occurrence

2013

2014

2015

*

*

**


***

**

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 67

Project: 23820405


Figure 41 2013–2015 Lake Edith Floristic Quality Index (FQI) Values

21.8 19.8

22.1

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

6/28/2013 6/30/2014 6/24/2015

Flo

ris

tic Q

ua

lity

In

de

x (

FQ

I) V

alu

es

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 68

Project: 23820405


Figure 42 2013–2015 Lake Edith Simpson Diversity Index Values

0.89 0.88 0.92

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

6/28/2013 6/30/2014 6/24/2015

Sim

pso

n D

ive

rsit

y I

nd

ex

Va

lue

s

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 69

Project: 23820405


Figure 43 2013–2015 Lake Edith Curly-leaf Pondweed Frequency of Occurrence at Sites Shallower


4 4 4

0

5

10

15

20

6/28/2013 6/30/2014 6/24/2015

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

cc

urr

en

ce

at

Sit

es

Sh

all

ow

er

tha

n M

ax

imu

m D

ep

th o

f P

lan

t G

row

th (

%)

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 70

Project: 23820405


Figure 44 2012–2015 Lake Elmo Eurasian Watermilfoil Frequency of Occurrence at Sites Shallower


44

37 34

45

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

6/18/2012 6/28/2013 6/27/2014 6/21/2015

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

cc

urr

en

ce

at

Sit

es

Sh

all

ow

er

tha

n M

ax

imu

m D

ep

th o

f P

lan

t G

row

th (

%)

D !( !( !(

D !( !( D

D D D

D D D D D !(

D D D D !(

D D D !(

D D D D

D D D D

D D D D

D D D !(

!( D D D D

!( D D D D

D D D D D !(

!( D D D !(

!( D D D D

D D D D D

!( D D D D !(

D !( D D D D

!( D D D D !(

D !( D D D D D

D D D D D D D D

D !( !( D D D D D

D D D D D D !(

!( D D !( !( !( !(

!( D D !( !(

!( D

D

D

!(

!(

!(

D

D

!(

!(

D

!(

20.5

ft


Figure 45LAKE ELMO EURASIAN

WATERMILFOIL EXTENT,JUNE 2015

Lake Elmo (82010600)Washington County


EWM Sample Locations (June 2015)D Not Observed!( Visual but not on rake!( Density = 1!( Density = 2!( Density = 3

!( Density = 4Additional Canopied EWM BedsMaximum Depth of Plant GrowthApproximate Extent of EWM

Barr

Foote

r: ArcG

IS 10

.3.1,

2015

-10-02

10:29

File:

I:\Cl

ient\V

BWD\

Distric

t\Work

_Orde

rs\La

ke_M

onito

ring\M

aps\R

eport

s\201

5\Data

Sum

mary

Repo

rt\Figu

re 45

- Lak

e Elm

o Eura

sian W

aterm

ilfoil E

xtent

- Jun

e 201

5.mxd

Use

r: KAC

2

0 600 1,200300Feet!;N

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 72

Project: 23820405


Figure 46 2013–2015 Lake Elmo Curly-leaf Pondweed Frequency of Occurrence at Sites Shallower


3 0 0 0

0

5

10

15

20

6/18/2012 6/28/2013 6/27/2014 6/21/2015

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

cc

urr

en

ce

at

Sit

es

Sh

all

ow

er

tha

n M

ax

imu

m D

ep

th o

f P

lan

t G

row

th (

%)

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 73

Project: 23820405



Figure 47 2012–2015 Lake Elmo Frequency of Occurrence in Plant Growth Area of the Lake

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Eu

rasia

n w

ate

rmilfo

il

Mu

skg

rasses

Co

on

tail

So

uth

ern

naia

d

Narr

ow

-leaved

catt

ail

Illin

ois

po

nd

weed

Wh

ite w

ate

r lily

Flo

ati

ng

-leaf

po

nd

weed

Co

mm

on

wate

rweed

Fla

t-ste

m p

on

dw

eed

Wh

ite w

ate

r cro

wfo

ot

So

ftste

m b

ulr

ush

Sag

o p

on

dw

eed

Filam

en

tou

s a

lgae

Reed

can

ary

gra

ss

Hard

ste

m b

ulr

ush

Need

le s

pik

eru

sh

Cre

ep

ing

sp

ikeru

sh

Cu

rly-l

eaf

po

nd

weed

Bald

sp

ikeru

sh

Sm

all d

uckw

eed

No

rth

ern

wate

rmilfo

il

Sle

nd

er

naia

d

Nit

ella

Sm

all p

on

dw

eed

Sti

ff p

on

dw

eed

Co

mm

on

bla

dd

erw

ort

Bro

ad

-leaved

wo

oly

sed

ge

Bro

om

sed

ge

So

uth

ern

blu

e f

lag

Co

mm

on

reed

Fri

es' p

on

dw

eed

Larg

e d

uckw

eed

Sle

nd

er

riccia

Wate

r sta

r-g

rass

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

ccu

rren

ce (

%)

2012-2015 Lake Elmo: Frequency of Occurrence

2012

2013

2014

2015

*


To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 74

Project: 23820405


Figure 48 2012–2015 Lake Elmo Floristic Quality Index (FQI) Values

26.1

22.8 20.4

23.5

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

6/18/2012 6/28/2013 6/27/2014 6/21/2015

Flo

ris

tic Q

ua

lity

In

de

x (

FQ

I) V

alu

es

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 75

Project: 23820405


Figure 49 2012–2015 Lake Elmo Simpson Diversity Index Values

0.91 0.89 0.88 0.88

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

6/18/2012 6/28/2013 6/27/2014 6/21/2015

Sim

pso

n D

ive

rsit

y I

nd

ex

Va

lue

s

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 76

Project: 23820405


Figure 50 2013–2015 Horseshoe Lake Eurasian Watermilfoil Frequency of Occurrence at Sites


10

40

62

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

6/27/2013 6/30/2014 6/22/2015

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

cc

urr

en

ce

at

Sit

es

Sh

all

ow

er

tha

n

Ma

xim

um

Dep

th o

f P

lan

t G

row

th (

%)

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 77

Project: 23820405


Figure 51 2013–2015 Horseshoe Lake Curly-leaf Pondweed Frequency of Occurrence at Sites


4

7 6

0

5

10

15

20

6/27/2013 6/30/2014 6/22/2015

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

cc

urr

en

ce

at

Sit

es

Sh

all

ow

er

tha

n M

ax

imu

m D

ep

th o

f P

lan

t G

row

th (

%)

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 78

Project: 23820405



Figure 52 2013–2015 Horseshoe Lake Frequency of Occurrence in Plant Growth Area of the Lake

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Co

on

tail

Sag

o p

on

dw

eed

Narr

ow

-leaved

catt

ail

Filam

en

tou

s a

lgae

Eu

rasia

n w

ate

rmilfo

il

Reed

can

ary

gra

ss

Co

mm

on

wate

rweed

Sm

all p

on

dw

eed

Cu

rly-l

eaf

po

nd

weed

Mu

skg

rasses

Wate

r sta

r-g

rass

So

ftste

m b

ulr

ush

Bro

ad

-leaved

catt

ail

Riv

er

bu

lru

sh

Fla

t-ste

m p

on

dw

eed

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

ccu

rren

ce (

%)

2013-2015 Horseshoe Lake: Frequency of Occurrence

2013

2014

2015

***


*

**

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 79

Project: 23820405


Figure 53 2013–2015 Horseshoe Lake Floristic Quality Index (FQI) Values

12.0

9.0 11.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

6/27/2013 6/30/2014 6/22/2015

FQ

I V

alu

es

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 80

Project: 23820405


Figure 54 2013–2015 Horseshoe Lake Simpson Diversity Index Values

0.80 0.76

0.71

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

6/27/2013 6/30/2014 6/22/2015

Sim

pso

n D

ive

rsit

y I

nd

ex

Va

lue

s

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 81

Project: 23820405



Figure 55 2013–2015 McDonald Lake Frequency of Occurrence in Plant Growth Area of the Lake

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Wh

ite

wa

ter

lily

Co

on

tail

Co

mm

on

bla

dd

erw

ort

Co

mm

on

wa

terw

eed

Sm

all p

on

dw

eed

Re

ed

ca

na

ry g

rass

Cre

ep

ing

sp

ikeru

sh

Cu

rly

-le

af

po

nd

we

ed

Wa

ters

hie

ld

Wa

ter

sm

art

we

ed

Sm

all b

lad

de

rwo

rt

Sle

nd

er

ric

cia

Sp

att

erd

oc

k

Sp

ira

l-fr

uit

ed

po

nd

we

ed

Na

rro

w-l

eav

ed

catt

ail

Bro

ad

-le

av

ed

wo

olly

sed

ge

Bro

om

sed

ge

Ne

ed

le s

pik

eru

sh

So

uth

ern

blu

e f

lag

Illin

ois

po

nd

we

ed

Co

mm

on

arr

ow

hea

d

Wo

olg

rass

Aq

ua

tic

mo

ss

Se

ss

ile

-fru

ite

d a

rro

wh

ea

d

Larg

e d

uc

kw

eed

Fila

me

nto

us

alg

ae

Co

mm

on

ru

sh

Sm

all d

uc

kw

eed

Nit

ella

Ba

ld s

pik

eru

sh

Larg

e-l

eaf

po

nd

we

ed

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

ccu

rre

nce

(%

)

2013-2015 McDonald Lake: Frequency of Occurrence

2013

2014

2015

***


*

******

*****

** ***

***

**

******

* *

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 82

Project: 23820405


Figure 56 2013–2015 McDonald Lake Floristic Quality Index (FQI) Values

22.3 19.0 19.8

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

6/27/2013 6/26/2014 6/23/2015

Flo

ris

tic Q

ua

lity

In

de

x (

FQ

I) V

alu

es

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 83

Project: 23820405


Figure 57 2013–2015 McDonald Lake Simpson Diversity Index Values

0.85 0.80 0.83

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

6/27/2013 6/26/2014 6/23/2015

Sim

pso

n D

ive

rsit

y I

nd

ex

Va

lue

s

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 84

Project: 23820405


Figure 58 2013–2015 McDonald Lake Curly-leaf Pondweed Frequency of Occurrence at Sites


8

2 1 0

5

10

15

20

6/27/2013 6/26/2014 6/23/2015

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

cc

urr

en

ce

at

Sit

es

Sh

all

ow

er

tha

n M

ax

imu

m D

ep

th o

f P

lan

t G

row

th (

%)

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 85

Project: 23820405


Figure 59 2013–2015 Sunfish Lake Curly-leaf Pondweed Frequency of Occurrence at Sites


4

6

3

0

5

10

15

20

6/28/2013 6/28/2013 6/28/2013

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

cc

urr

en

ce

at

Sit

es

Sh

all

ow

er

tha

n M

ax

imu

m D

ep

th o

f P

lan

t G

row

th (

%)

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 86

Project: 23820405



Figure 60 2013–2015 Sunfish Lake Frequency of Occurrence in Plant Growth Area of the Lake

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Fla

t-ste

m p

on

dw

eed

Sm

all p

on

dw

eed

Mu

skg

rasses

Co

on

tail

Sag

o p

on

dw

eed

Sm

all d

uckw

eed

No

rth

ern

wate

r-m

ilfo

il

Nit

ella

Co

mm

on

wate

rweed

Reed

can

ary

gra

ss

Wh

ite w

ate

r lily

Cu

rly-l

eaf

po

nd

weed

Co

mm

on

arr

ow

head

So

ftste

m b

ulr

ush

Bro

ad

-leaved

wo

oly

sed

ge

Cre

ep

ing

sp

ikeru

sh

Narr

ow

-leaved

catt

ail

Bro

om

sed

ge (

likely

)

Fo

wl m

an

nag

rass (

likely

)

Wate

r sta

r-g

rass

Balt

ic r

ush

Sle

nd

er

naia

d

Wo

olg

rass

Need

le s

pik

eru

sh

No

rth

ern

man

na g

rass

Leafy

po

nd

weed

Fri

es' p

on

dw

eed

Sm

all b

lad

derw

ort

Hard

ste

m b

ulr

ush

Co

mm

mo

n r

ush

Larg

e d

uckw

eed

Co

mm

on

bla

dd

erw

ort

Filam

en

tou

s a

lgae

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f O

ccu

rren

ce (

%)

2013-2015 Sunfish Lake: Frequency of Occurrence

2013

2014

2015

***


*

**

*

**

* *

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 87

Project: 23820405


Figure 61 2013–2015 Sunfish Lake Floristic Quality Index (FQI) Values

19.5

24.5 24.8

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

6/28/2013 6/30/2014 6/23/2015

Flo

ris

tic Q

ua

lity

In

de

x (

FQ

I) V

alu

es

To: VBWD Managers

From: Meg Rattei


Page: 88

Project: 23820405


Figure 62 2013–2015 Sunfish Lake Simpson Diversity Index Values

0.90 0.90 0.89

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

6/28/2013 6/30/2014 6/23/2015

Sim

pso

n D

ive

rsit

y I

nd

ex

Va

lue

s

Memorandum - vbwd.org Surveys on Lakes/2015PlantsResultsMemo.pdfThe 2015 EWM reduction goal was not...

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Transcript of Memorandum - vbwd.org Surveys on Lakes/2015PlantsResultsMemo.pdfThe 2015 EWM reduction goal was not...