Materials for SOFC technologies

Franciszek Krok

Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology

Scientific network: Sustainable Energy Systems

Partners:Warsaw University of Technology (PW), Warszawa

- Faculty of Physics (WF PW)- Faculty of Chemistry (WCh PW)

Academy of Mining and Metallurgy (AGH), Kraków- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics (WIMiC AGH)

Technical University of Gdańsk (PG), Gdańsk- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics (FTiMS PG)- Faculty of Chemistry (WCh PG)

Technical University of Poznań (PP), Poznań- Faculty of Electrical Engeenering (WE PP)

Polish Academy of Science (PAN)- Institute of Molecular Physics (IFM), Poznań- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research (INTiBS), Wrocław- Institute of Physical Chemistry (ICHF), Warszawa

Thematic subnet: Energy conversion and storage

Thematic Subnet: ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE

Research activity:In general the area of interest is concentated on topics closley related to novel materials used in energy conversion and storage devices. The new ionic conductors are studied in terms of their application as potential solid electrolytes in fuel cells and lithium and lithium ion batteries. Also the mixed ionic-electronic conductors are studied as potential electrode materials in these devices

solid electrolytes: oxide ion conductors (WF PW)

lithium ion conductors (WCh PW, WCh PG, WF PW)

protonic conductors (WCh PW, WF PW, IFM PAN, INTiBS PAN)

electrode materials (WIMiC AGH, FTIMS PG, WF PW, ICHF PAN)

TYPE OF MATERIALS: crystalline, glasses, nanomaterials, polymers, gels

Thematic Subnet: ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE

CEPHOMA WF PW

SMART WF PW

GETRADEE WE PP

PROCO IFM PAN

GLASSIC FTiMS PG

SELIBAT AGH

OBAST INTiBS PAN

ALISTAR WCh PW

European Projects

CEPHOMA: Project scope and goals

Challenges

CEPHOMA activity is concentrated on topics closely related to novel materials used in energy conversion and storage devices. Two main pillars of that activity are: photovoltaics (conversion of solar energy to electricity) and solid state ionics (conversion of chemical energy to electrical one or vice versa).

Objectivities

The main objective of the CEPHOMA Centre is to promote closer cooperation of scientists from Poland and other EU countries, active in the field of photovoltaics and physics of materials for novel energy sources.

Important aspect of the Centre activity is its networking to leading EU research institutions within European Research Area (ERA) to enable joining projects within the 6th Framework Programme of the European Union.

Very important goal of the Centre is training of PhD students and young scientists in Centre’s as well as partner’s laboratories.

SOFC

Configuration:

• Planar

• Tubular (Siemens-Westinghouse)

General requirements:

• Electrolyte – nonporous material, pure ionic conductivity

• Electrodes – porous material, mixed ionic and electronic conductivity

• Interconnector – electronic conductor

SOFCTarget: 1 kW/l and 1 kW/kg

ASR (combined area specific resistivity) < 0.5 Ω cm2

Ideally 0.1 Ωcm2

HT SOFC (~1000oC)electrolyte Zr(Y)O2 (YSZ)

cathode La(Sr)MnO3 (LSM)

anode Ni - YSZ

interconector La(Sr)CrO3

  

IT SOFC (500 – 700oC)1) Based on YSZ electrolyte:

thin layer YSZ (eg.15μm0.15 Ω cm2 at 700oC)

2) Based on alternative electrolyte materials:

a) Ce(Gd)O2 – (CGO)

(15 μm0.15 Ω cm2 at 500oC)

problems: reduction ( Ce4+Ce3+ ) electronic conductivity

matching (eg. anode Ni – CGO)

b) La(Sr)Ga(Mg)O3 – (LSGM)

problems: difficulties to get single phase

c) Bi2O3 based oxide ion conductors

problems: reduction at low pO2 atmosphere

SOFC

Bi - based oxide ion conductors

Fluoryte type cubic structure

MO2 (eg. ZrO2)

Zr1-xCaxO2-x (□)x

Zr1-xYxO2-3/2x(□)x

Bi O1.5 □0.5

Mo

Bi

O3

O2

O1Bi2O3 + MoO3 Bi2MoO6 (Bi2O2)2+ (MoO4)2-

Bi2O3 + V2O5 Bi2VO5.5 (Bi2O2)2+(VO3.5 0.5)2-

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

1. Structural Chemistry Group, Queen Mary, University of London, UK

2. Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, UK

3. Laboratoire de Cristallochemie et Physicochemie du Solide Ecole Nationale Superiere de Lille, France

4. Delft Institute for Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands

5. Institute fur Technishe Eelectrochemie und Festkorperchemie, Technische Universitat Wien, Austria

6. Institute fur Physicalische Chemie, Universitat Munster, Germany