Essentials of

MangalyaanOR

Mars Orbiter Mission ( MOM )

An Overview presented by:Shashikant Salvi

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MANGALYAAN ( मं�गलया�न ) मं�गल + या�न

Mangal + Yaan Mars + Vehicle

Indian Satellite for the exploration of Mars

MARS ORBITER MISSION ( MOM )

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Mars is the 4th planet in Solar System.

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Physical characteristics of Mars and Earth Parameter Mars EarthRadius 3390 kms 6371 KmsMass 0.64E24 kg 5.98E24Gravitational Acceleration 3.7 m/s2 9.8 m/s2

Orbital period around Sun 687 days 365 daysLength of a Day 24Hrs 39 Min 24HrsTilt of rotation axis 25 deg 23.5degWeight on Mars and Earth 37.7 Kg 100 Kg

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Why Mars?

– Neighbour planet with Earth like features– Mars has an atmosphere ( although thin )– Surface features like impact craters, volcanoes, valleys,

deserts, and polar ice caps– Tilt in rotational axis that produces the seasons– Mountains and canyons.– Two moons, Phobos and Deimos

Therefore it was explored by spacecrafts and probes from 60s.

So India’s choice of 1st interplanetary spacecraft was for Mars ( after Moon mission, Chandrayaan in 2008 )

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TIMING of MOM mission

In November 2013, two missions started their journey from Earth to Mars

MAVEN of USA on 18th Nov MOM of India on 8th Nov ( 1st Dec )

They Reached Mars on 22nd and 24th Sept 2014

Both started from Earth in Nov 2013 time and reached Mars in Sept 2014.

Was it just a coincidence?salvib

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Mars is farther from Sun than Earth

Kepler’s laws state that it has to take more time to make a revolution than Earth

( 687 days for Mars and 365 days for Earth )

They come near each other once in 780 days (2 yr 50 days )This year’s situation is shown in next few slides.

Notice how the Earth-Mars distance varies every month .. In right top corner of each slide

Next possibility after 12th April 2014 is 30th May 2016

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Distance between Earth and Mars

1st Feb 2014

1st Feb 14

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Watch this space .. Every month’s distance is plotted for comparison

1st March 2014

1st Feb 141st Mar ‘14

Distance between Earth and Mars

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1st April 2014

1st Feb 141st Mar ‘141st Apr ‘14

Distance between Earth and Mars

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14th April 2014

Earth is between Sun and Mars ( Opposition )

on 8 th April 2014

1st Feb 141st Mar ‘141st Apr ‘14

14th Apr ‘14

Distance between Earth and Mars

Distance between Earth and Mars

is minimum on 14 th April

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1st May 2014

1st Feb 141st Mar ‘141st Apr ‘14

14th Apr ‘141st May ‘14

Distance between Earth and Mars

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- Mars and Earth are nearest on 14th April 2014. (≈ 0.5 AU , 92 million kms )

- They were in Opposition on 8th April 2014- So MOM was launched such that its position on 8th April is exactly midway ( 343 million kms done and 343 million kms remaining )

2013

-Dec

-02

2013

-Dec

-17

2014

-Jan

-01

2014

-Jan

-16

2014

-Jan

-31

2014

-Feb

-15

2014

-Mar

-02

2014

-Mar

-17

2014

-Apr

-01

2014

-Apr

-16

2014

-May

-01

2014

-May

-16

2014

-May

-31

2014

-Jun

-15

2014

-Jun

-30

2014

-Jul

-15

2014

-Jul

-30

2014

-Aug

-14

2014

-Aug

-29

2014

-Sep

-13

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

343

686

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Transportation of satellite from one planet to the other using Sun is known as Hohemann Transfer

MOM and MAVEN travelled from Earth to Mars on two slightly different elliptical paths with Sun as

one of the focus

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MOM aboard PSLV C25 Rocket

MOMHeat shield

4th Stage

Heat shield open

Heat shield Closed

Feed Line for MOM

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1st Stage

Mobile Service Tower ( MST )

Launch Pedestal

Umbilical Tower

Feed lines

How Big is the PSLV? Compare with people on the MST

Feed lines for liquid propellants , high-pressure gases, checkout cables, chilled air sa

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MOM is basically a Demonstration Mission

• Scientific Objectives - Usage of indigenous scientific Instruments for Martian

Study

• Technological Objectives Demonstrate the ability to

- Design a satellite to survive Martian conditions - Design Interplanetary orbit and later - Achieve and operate Mars orbit

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Scientific Objectives

Demonstrate the usage of indigenous scientific instruments for Exploration of

- Mars surface features - morphology - mineralogy and - Martian atmosphere

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Technological Objectives of MOM - Design an orbiter to survive Martian conditions - Design cruise phase of 300 days - Achieve and operate Mars orbit - Establish and evaluate

navigation Deep space communicationmission planning and management

- Incorporate autonomous features to handle contingency situations.

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3807 Kms

80238 Kms

418 Kms

76847 Kms

Orbit of MOM around Mars

Apoapsis

Major Axis

Periapsissalvib

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Measuring Instruments on MOM

Mars Orbiter Mission carries - camera ( MCC ) - two spectrometers ( MENCA and TIS ) - radiometer ( MSM ) - photometer ( LAP )

These instruments are used to study - Martian surface - atmosphere and - exosphere extending up to 80,000 kms

to understand evolution of that planet and geologic and biogenic processes ( if possible )sa

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Location of various Components

Propellant Tank

High Gain Antenna Reflector

High Gain Antenna Feed Horn

TTC Antenna

Reaction Wheel

Solar Panel

PITCH

YAW

ROLL

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Mars Colour Camera (MCC) ( usead for optical imaging )

Has three color imaging sensor to obtain images of surface features and weather of Mars and its two Moons Phobos & Deimos

Lyman Alpha Photometer (LAP) ( Study of Escape processes of Martian upper

atmosphere through Deuterium/Hydrogen ) This is an absorption cell photometer which

measures D/H (Deuterium to Hydrogen Ratio) in the Martian upper atmosphere.

To Study the loss of water from the planet.salvib

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- Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer(TIS) ( To study surface composition and mineralogy )Measures the thermal emission during day and night. With this Temperature and emissivity are estimated.

- Mars Enospheric Neutral Composition Analyser (MENCA)

( To Study of the composition of Martian upper atmosphere )

This is a quadruple mass spectrometer based on proven CHACE (Chandra’s Altitudinal Composition Explorer) design used in Chandrayaan mission.

The Two spectrometers aboard

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Methane Sensor for Mars (MSM) ( Detection of Methane ( CH4 ) presence )

MSM measures solar radiation reflected by Martian atmosphere. Works over illuminated scene only

Derives spatial and temporal variations of Methane concentration in the Martian atmosphere

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1st image obtained within minutes after MOI

1st image fitted on Google Mars Atlassa

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1st image of Martian Atmosphere obtained shortly after MOI

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1st image of Full disk of Mars obtained shortly after MOI

Same image enhanced by a non-ISRO enthusiast identifies locations

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For more on India’s Space Tech.. Visithttp://indiaspaceactivity.blogspot.com

Thank You !!!

To read all educational blogs salviblogs.blogspot.com

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