Welcome to our presentation

Topic - Mangalyaan

INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION TO MOM 2. IMPORTANCE OF MANGALYAAN3. HISTORY OF MOM 4. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF MANGALYAAN5. SECONDARY OBJECTIVE OF MANGALYAAN6. COST OF MANGALYAAN 7. LAUNCH OF MANGALYAAN 8. DIFFICULTIES FACED9. MARS ORBIT INSERTION 10. STATUS11. FACTS ABOUT IT12. OUR CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to express my special thanks

of gratitude to my teacher MR. AMIT GUPTA as well as our principal gave us the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic MANGALYAAN which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and we came to know about so many new things We are really thankful to them.Secondly We would also like to thank our parents and friends who helped us a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.

INTRODUCTION TO MOM

The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan is a spacecraft orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) under the guidance of the Project Director Mylswamy Annadurai.[

The mission is a "technology demonstrator" project to develop the technologies for design, planning, management, and operations of an interplanetary mission. It carries five instruments that will help advance knowledge about Mars to achieve its secondary, scientific, objective.

IMPORTANCE OF MANGALYAAN

• It is India's first interplanetary mission and ISRO has become the fourth space agency to reach Mars, after the Soviet space program, NASA, and the European Space Agency.It is also the first nation to reach Mars orbit on its first attempt, and the first Asian nation to do so.

• The spacecraft is currently being monitored from the Spacecraft Control Centre at ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) in Bangalore with support from Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) antennae at Byalalu.

The MOM mission concept began with a feasibility study in 2010, after the launch of lunar satellite Chandrayaan-1 in 2008. The government of India approved the project on 3 August 2012,[27] after the Indian Space Research Organisation completed 125 crore (US$20 million) of required studies for the orbiter.[28] The total project cost may be up to 454 crore (US$74 million).[11][29] The satellite costs 153 crore (US$25 million) and the rest of the budget has been attributed to ground stations and relay upgrades that will be used for other ISRO projects.[30]

The space agency had planned the launch on 28 October 2013 but was postponed to 5 November 2013 following the delay in ISRO's spacecraft tracking ships to take up pre-determined positions due to poor weather in the Pacific Ocean

HISTORY OF MOM

Launch opportunities for a fuel-saving Hohmann transfer orbit occur every 26 months, in this case, 2016 and 2018.The Mars Orbiter's on-orbit mission life is six-to-ten months.

Assembly of the PSLV-XL launch vehicle, designated C25, started on 5 August 2013.[32] The mounting of the five scientific instruments was completed at ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore, and the finished spacecraft was shipped to Sriharikota on 2 October 2013 for integration to the PSLV-XL launch vehicle.[32] The satellite's development was fast-tracked and completed in a record 15 monthS. Despite the US federal government shutdown, NASA reaffirmed on 5 October 2013 it would provide communications and navigation support to the mission.[34]

During a meeting in 30 September 2014, NASA and ISRO officials signed an agreement to establish a pathway for future joint missions to explore Mars. One of the working group's objectives will be to explore potential coordinated observations and science analysis between MAVEN orbiter and MOM, as well as other current and future Mars missions.[35]

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF MOM

• The primary objective of the Mars Orbiter Mission is to showcase India's rocket launch systems, spacecraft-building and operations capabilities.[42] Specifically, the primary objective is to develop the technologies required for design, planning, management and operations of an interplanetary mission, comprising the following major tasks:[15]

• design and realisation of a Mars orbiter with a capability to perform Earth-bound maneuvres, cruise phase of 300 days, Mars orbit insertion / capture, and on-orbit phase around Mars;

• deep-space communication, navigation, mission planning and management;

• incorporate autonomous features to handle contingency situations.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE OF MOM

The secondary objective is to explore Mars' surface features, morphology, mineralogy and Martian atmosphere using indigenous scientific instruments.

The total cost of the mission was approximately 450 Crore (US$73 million),[37][38] making it the least-

expensive Mars mission to date.[39] The low cost of the mission was ascribed by Kopillil Radhakrishnan, the chairman of ISRO, to various factors, including a

"modular approach", a small number of ground tests and long (18-20 hour) working days for

scientists.[40] BBC's Jonathan Amos mentioned lower worker costs, home-grown technologies, simpler

design, and significantly less complicated payload than NASA's MAVEN.

COST OF MANGALYAAN

LAUNCH OF MANGALYAANAs originally conceived, ISRO would have launched MOM on its Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV),[70] but as the GSLV failed twice in 2010 and ISRO was continuing to sort out issues with its cryogenic engine,[71] it was not advisable to wait for the new batch of rockets as that would have delayed the MOM project for at least three years.[72] ISRO opted to switch to the less-powerful Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). There is no way to launch on a direct-to-Mars trajectory with the PSLV as it does not have the thrust required.

Instead, ISRO would first launch it into Earth orbit and slowly boost toward an interplanetary trajectory using multiple perigee burns to maximize the Oberth effect.On 19 October 2013, ISRO chairman K. Radhakrishnan announced that the launch had to be postponed by a week as a result of a delay of a crucial telemetry ship reaching Fiji. The launch was rescheduled for 5 November 2013 with a perigee of 264.1 km (164.1 mi), an apogee of 23,903.6 km (14,853.0 mi), and inclination of 19.20 degrees,[51] with both the antenna and all three sections of the solar panel arrays deployed.[74] During the first three orbit raising operations, ISRO progressively tested the spacecraft systems.

DIFFICULTIES FACEDThere has been a fairly strong amount of criticism regarding the technology put in use to create the Mangalyaan hailed as the most inexpensive Mars mission till date. He argued that the ISRO should have waited for the bigger and the advanced Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) rocket and not opted for thePolar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket to launch its satellite. Isro, however, defended its decision saying that the GSLV has failed twice in two space missions in 2010 and it wasn’t advisable to wait for the new batch of rockets to arrive since that would delay the project for at least three years.

MARS ORBIT INSERTIONThe plan was for an insertion into Mars orbit on 24 September 2014,[8][81] approximately 2 days after the arrival of NASA's MAVEN orbiter.[82] The 440N liquid apogee motor was successfully test fired at 09:00 UTC (14:30 IST) on 22 September for 3.968 seconds, about 41 hours before actual orbit insertion.[83][84][85]

On 24 September 2014, at IST 04:17:32 satellite communication changed over to the medium gain antenna. At IST 06:56:32 forward rotation started and locked the position to fire, at IST 07:14:32 an attitude control manoeuvre took place with the help of thrusters after eclipse started at IST 07:1

STATUS The orbit insertion put MOM in a highly elliptical orbit around Mars, with a period of 72 hours 51 minutes 51 seconds and a periapsis of 421.7 km (262.0 mi) and apoapsis of 76,993.6 km (47,841.6 mi).[7] Commissioning and checkout operations are planned over the coming weeks to prepare MOM's instruments for science operations.[1][88] At the end of the orbit insertion, MOM was left with 40 kg of fuel as against the 20 kg that was thought necessary for the six-month life span.[89]

On 28 September 2014, Mars Orbiter Mission published its first global view of Mars. The image was captured by the Mars Colour Camera (MCC).[90] On 19 October 2014, the ISRO reported that the Mars Orbiter Mission is healthy after the Comet Siding Spring flyby of Mars earlier that day.[91]

5 THINGS WE ALL SHOULD KNOW ABOUT MANGALYAAN

1) Two weeks before Mangalyaan was lauched, NASA sent off its own Mars mission named Maven. Its cost: Over Rs 4,000 crore. India's mars mission, meanwhile, is worth just a fraction of that -- Rs 450 crore -- and was executed in just 15 months after the government approved it in August 2012.

2) India’s Mars mission represents a technological leap for the South Asian nation, pushing it ahead of space rivals China and Japan in the field of interplanetary exploration.

3) India now has the distinction of becoming the only country to reach the orbit of Mars in its first attempt. More than half the missions to Mars have failed, either crashing or going off course. China’s Mars mission of 2011 was among the failures.

                                                                                                    

4) Mangalyaan will look for methane on Mars' surface. A sensor attached to the spacecraft will look for the gas on Mars. If found, it will confirm that life existed on Mars in the past. Besides, the spaceship will also carry another instrument called Lyman Alpha Photometer to study the components on the planet's atmosphere. Two more instruments will measure the surface components that make up Mars' land mass while a Mars Colour Camera will take images of the planet too.

5)Mars Orbiter will target an operational orbit of 365.3 by 80,000 Kilometers with an inclination of 150 degrees and a duration of 76.72 hours from where it will perform its science mission. The MOM mission in Mars orbit is open-ended and is expected to last about 160 days.

WHAT OUR CONCLUSION SAYS…

680MILLION KILOMETERS: A BIG LEAP FOR THE NATION . CONGRATULATIONS INDIA !!!!!

WITH THIS SUCCESS INDIA BECAME FOURTH NATION TO SUCESSFULLY EMBARK UPON ITS MAIDEN MARS MISSION [M.O.M] .PRACTICALLY IF WE SEE THAN THIS SUCCESS IS THE FIRST EVEN THE MOST IMPORTANT STEP TOWARDS FORMING A DEVELOPED NATION .IN REALITY WITH MANGALYAAN WE ALSO RISE WITH THE GREAT SUCCES OF I.S.R.O. OUR IMAGE NOT ONLY BOOST UP IN FRONT OF OTHER DEVELOPED NATION BUT ALSO GAVE US THAT HOPE TO STEP ONE DAY IN FULLY DEVELOPED INDIA !!!!

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SUBMITTED BY – KUNJIKA

THAKRAL ,ZOYA QUDDUS, ANSHIKA

AGARWAL , STUTI JAIN AND

SUDIKSHA GUPTA CLASS- IX C