Managing Knowledge in a Network Environment
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Transcript of Managing Knowledge in a Network Environment
Managing Knowledge in a
Network Environment
Government Web 2.0 and Social MediaJune 2-3, 2009Ottawa, Ontario
Knowledge Economy• Success based on what you
know
• Knowledge is the primary asset
• Value of goods based on knowledge content
• Creating and using knowledge are key to sustained relevance
Recognized in four Throne Speeches
Knowledge Management Evolution
KM Generation
Type of Knowledge
Knowledge Carrier
Knowledge Process
Technology
1st Explicit Artefacts
Objects (Documents)
Create
Acquire
Preserve
Systems
Internet
2nd Tacit Individual
Team
Share
Integrate
Use
Distribution
World-Wide Web
3rd Emergent Community
Network
Collaborate
Synergy
Connectivity
Web 2.0
Overview
Outline1st. Organization
Mandate, one source, knowledge assets
2nd. Collaboration Agreements, few sources,
knowledge flow
3rd. NetworksInterests, many sources,
knowledge ecosystems
Why Manage Knowledge?
• The Government spends billions every year to create knowledge; we should capture what we know.
• Reusing knowledge can double or triple its value; we should preserve what we know.
• Workers spend a third of their time searching for knowledge; we should share what we know.
• Running a government involves many departments; we should integrate what we know.
Organization
Knowledge management connects creation and use
Knowledge Organization
External Knowledge
ShareShare
Internal Knowledge
Manage UseUse
IntegrateIntegrate
PreservePreserve
Lost Knowledge
Organization
CreateCreate
Nature, Society
Content
What is Content ?
• Collections – objects & artifacts: books, documents, minerals, insects, plant materials
• Data – facts & observations: elements, files, records, datasets, databases, statistics
Information – meaning & context: records, documents, reports, photos, maps, presentations
Knowledge – understanding & predictability: equations, models, learning, experience, know-how
• Wisdom – experience & judgment: enables the correct application of knowledge
Organization
Content Value Chain
“Flow of content through sequential stages, each of which changes its form and increases its usefulness and value.” (NRCan, 2006)
Objects Data Information Knowledge WisdomDomain
Department Admin. Data Records Know how Experience
Organization
Organizational Infrastructure
Peoplelearning, motivation,
rewards, incentives,
staffing, skills
Governance roles, responsibilities, authorities, resources
Processes
work routineslessons learned, best practices,
Content, Services
data, risk analysis, reports, monitoring, operations, policies
Toolssystems to capture, store, share, and process content
Organization
Knowledge Management
Go
vern
an
ce
Organization
Capturing Content
Canadian Forest Service
Organization
Preserving Content
• Organize
• Store
• Search
• Retrieve
• Maintain
• Migrate
Organization
Migrating Content
• Paper• Punch cards• Paper tape• Magnetic tape• Computer disks• Floppy disks• Tape cassettes• Diskettes• CD-ROMS• Flash Drives
Organization
More information is being lost than at any time in history
Sharing Knowledge Public Security Technical Program
• InfoPort / Share Point for communities
• Workshops, symposia, meetings
• Technology demonstrations
• Communications products, media releases
• Annual reports, fact sheets, documents
• Quarterly newsletter
• Website
Organization
Centre for Security Science
Knowledge Services
Use Internally
Use Professionally
Use Personally
Generate
Transform
Add Value
Transfer
Evaluate
Manage
Extract
Advance
Embed
LegendDepartment Sector / Society
Organization
Natural Resources Canada
Outline1st. Organization
Mandate, one source, knowledge assets
2nd. Collaboration Agreements, few sources,
knowledge flow
3rd. NetworksInterests, many sources,
knowledge ecosystems
Parallel Collaboration Partner A
Partner B
Joint Content
Generate
Generate
Joint Products & Services
Transform
Transform
Joint Inventory
Manage
Manage
Joint Solutions
Use Internally
Use Internally
Joint Outputs
Transfer
Transfer
Collaboration
Sequential Collaboration
Idea
scientists
AAFC
Innovation
IC
company
Commercialized
CFIA
farmers
Adopted
Food product
HCproducers
retailers
CFIA
Market
consumers
HC
Consumption
Waste
EC
municipalities
Agriculture Canada
Collaboration
Formal Partnerships
• Charter - Legal agreement to jointly achieve common objectives, within a management framework, with duplicate records and accountability and joint rights and responsibilities.
• Nature: Clearly specified roles, rights, responsibilities, authorities, accountabilities, and reporting. (structured, bureaucratic, minimizes risk).
Collaboration
Types of Partnerships
• Contractors: One-on-one; superior/ subordinate; single ownership of IP
• Mutual: Two or more; among equals; joint ownership of IP
• Consortiums: Multiple members; apportioned membership; common ownership of IP
A B
A B
A BC
Collaboration
Informal Cooperation
• Charter - Mutual agreement to participate in achieving common objectives, within a network structure, with participant records and accountability and common rights and responsibilities.
• Nature: Flexible, dynamic, opportunistic, synergistic, unpredictable. (unstructured, self-organized, maximizes reward)
Collaboration
Types of Cooperation
• Individuals: 2-3 participants; exchange knowledge (conversations, questions & answers)
• Groups: 10 participants; elicit knowledge; unstructured; (task or working group)
• Communities: 30 participants; share knowledge; self-directed; common interest (departmental IM community)
Collaboration
Canadian Food Inspection Agency
Centre for Security Science
Share Point Functions
• Libraries – documents, images, forms, spread sheets*
• Lists – announcements, links, members, contacts
• Searching - tags and full text within and across sites
• Tracking – calendars, events, tasks, work flow
• Collaboration – surveys, dialogue, blogs, wikis
• Site management – creation, functions, layout, views, members, permissions, integration
*Microsoft compatible only
Collaboration
Share Point Uses
• Content Management capture, organize, and store information. (architecture, taxonomy)
• Document Management manage documents and records. (version control, access privileges)
• Project Management support projects. (plans, schedules, tasks, progress, budgets, reports)
• Portal provides “single-window” access to content. (members, permissions)
• Sharing enables internal and external participants to exchange content.
• Collaboration facilitates joint production of content across a dispersed group.
Collaboration
Centre for Security Science
Outline1st. Organization
Mandate, one source, knowledge assets
2nd. Collaboration Agreements, few sources,
knowledge flow
3rd. NetworksInterests, many sources,
knowledge ecosystem
Network StructureNetworks
Infrastructure
• Mandate, authority, resources, decisions
• Employees, roles, responsible, accountable,
• Policies, manuals, rules, guides
• Mandatory organizational systems
• Interests, trust, self-sustaining, conventions
• Participants, values, volunteer, autonomous
• Self-organized, informal, ad hoc
• Convenient, user-friendly, useful
Networks
Organization Network(Collaboration)
Culture and Behavior
• Discussion
• Winners & losers
• Authority counts
• Domination wins
• Represent agenda
• Existing processes
• Structured thinking
• Dialogue
• Everyone wins
• Equal participants
• Meritocracy of ideas
• Support the group
• Emergent ideas
• Group synergy
Organization Network
Networks
Knowledge Network
External Knowledge
ShareShare
PreservePreserve
Lost Knowledge
Networks
Knowledge Knowledge ManagementManagement
UseUseIntegrateIntegrate
Issue
Synergy Emergence
CreateCreate
Nature, Society
CaptureCapture
Content
Content Providers
• Increased visibility and influence
• Feedback on content needs and use
• Seen as active and knowledgeable
• Encourage partnerships, and leveraging
• Altruism, personal values fun
• Little tangible reward• Incurs cost• Uses resources• Takes time• Unfriendly technology• Trust others• Limited control• Voluntary• Self-motivation
Incentives Disincentives
Networks
Public Security Technical Program Network
The value of a network is proportional to the number of users squared.
Networks
Global Knowledge Map
Network
Social Network Sites
• Wikipedia – 75,000 contributors, 10 million articles in 260 languages, 684 million annual visits.
• You Tube – Enables easy publishing and viewing of video clips on the Web.
• Innocentive – Global “Ideagora” in which those with problems can meet those with solutions.
• Slide Share – Enables easy publishing and sharing of PowerPoint presentations on the Web.
Networks
Natural Resources Canada
Social Network Principles
• Openness – collaboration based on candor, transparency, freedom, flexibility, and accessibility.
• Peering – horizontal voluntary meritocracy, based on fun, altruism, or personal values.
• Sharing – increased value of common products benefits all participants.
• Acting Globally – value is created through network knowledge ecosystems.
Networks
Social Network Successes• Linux – open-source operating system developed
by thousands of programmers around the world
• GoldCorp – released geological data in an open contest to find gold; increased reserves by factor of 4.
• Procter & Gamble – uses network of 90,000 external scientists to leverage internal research capacity.
• Leggo – uses imagination and creativity of worldwide toy owners to create new products.
Networks
Capturing Value
Bring it inside the organization
Stabilize it; make it work
Networks
SWOT Analysis
• Strengths – rapid development, creative solutions, emergent properties, creative synergies, vibrant collaboration, openness
• Weaknesses – constant change, unknown quality, less used by mature individuals, need to motivate participants, cannot be forced
• Opportunities – leverage internal capacity, provides new solutions, easy to implement, low cost, can monitor emerging trends
• Threats – undesirable leaks, free expression poses risk, documents subject to ATIP, compatibility with mandate
Networks
Challenges
• Legislative
• Policy
• Regulatory
• Financial
• Infrastructure
• Human resources
• Cultural factors
• Intellectual Property(Neish, 2007)
Networks
Road to Success• Support from senior
management• Clear understandable
statement of what you want to do and why
• Good working relationships with corporate and legal enablers
• Willingness to compromise on issues that are not mission critical
• Perseverance and persistence(Neish, 2007)
Networks
A Knowledge Network
• Helps communities work together
• Works the way that’s best for each group
• Captures and shares ideas and knowledge
• Promotes creation and synergy of many minds
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