Managing Health Expenditures in New EU Member States: Options for Reforms Mukesh Chawla, PhD The...

Managing Health Expenditures in New EU Member States:Options for ReformsMukesh Chawla, PhDThe World Bank

Gastein, October 7, 2005Views expressed are the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the World Bank

AcknowledgementsAkshay Sethi (WB)Anton Marcincin (WB)Armin Fidler (WB)Jan Bultman (WB)John Langenbrunner (WB)Maris Jesse (WB)Marzena Kulis (then WB)Panagiota Panopoulou (WB)Paolo Belli (WB)Peter Berman (WB)Pia Helene Schneider (WB)Sarbani Chakraborty (WB)Shweta Jain (WB)Thomas Laursen (WB)

Christine Blades (EIB)Imre Hollo (EIB)

Andrzej Rys, Former Deputy Minister of Health, PolandDorjan Marusic, State Secretary, Ministry of Health, SloveniaJan Kralik, Director, Ministry of Health, Slovak RepublicLaila Ruskule, Deputy State Secretary, Ministry of Health, LatviaPawel Sztwiertnia, Deputy Minister of Health, PolandRimantas Sadzius, Deputy Minister of Health, LithuaniaRinalds Mucins, State Secretary of Health, Latvia

Inga Cabe (Consultant, Latvia)Janina Kumpiene (Consultant, Lithuania)Peter Pazitny (Health Policy Institute, Slovakia)

The Problem StatementCzech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia have carried out extensive health sector reforms in recent yearsHealth expenditures are not way out of line, but the sector is in heavy debt, with expenditures consistently exceeding revenuesThe pressure of expenditures appears to be relentless seemingly out of control

Layout of the PresentationBackground: Essential MacroeconomicsBackground: Essential Health StatusHealth ExpendituresKey Expenditure AreasThe Underlying Fault LinesPotential Solutions

The Economy

The average growth in the new member states touched 5% in 2004, a full 1% above 2003 levels

.but unemployment rates have not changed much

.and fiscal performance has improved

Chart2

-11.7-3

3.11.8

-5.5-4.5

-1.5-0.8

-1.9-2.5

-3.9-4.8

-3.7-3.3

-2-1.9

2003

2004

deficit, percent of GDP

Sheet1

2003200420032004

Czech Republic-11.7-338.337.4

Estonia3.11.85.34.9

Hungary-5.5-4.556.957.6

Latvia-1.5-0.814.414.4

Lithuania-1.9-2.521.419.7

Poland-3.9-4.845.443.6

Slovakia-3.7-3.342.643.6

Slovenia-2-1.929.429.4

Sheet1

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

2003

2004

percent of GDP

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet4

Sheet5

Sheet6

Health Status

Health outcomes in new member states are as expected or better for their income levelSource: IMF World Economic Outlook database; WHO Statistical Information System

Raw data

WHO Statistical Information System (WHOSIS)

http://www3.who.int/whosis/menu.cfm?path=whosis&language=english

Percentage of total life expectancy lost females (?)

Country200020012002200320042005

Afghanistan27.818.417.7

Albania14.51614.6

Algeria18.115.813.5

Andorra12.11210.8

Angola22.317.116.4

Antigua and Barbuda18.914.813.9

Argentina15.215.512.8

Armenia14.216.314.2

Australia10.711.410.4

Austria10.910.710.5

Azerbaijan16.516.814.6

Bahamas2116.712.6

Bahrain16.616.613.6

Bangladesh21.214.914.8

Barbados17.213.512.5

Belarus12.415.412.6

Belgium12.211.610.1

Belize19.215.514.1

Benin2217.315

Bhutan22.915.715.2

Bolivia19.116.714.6

Bosnia and Herzegovina12.51513.1

Botswana17.715.212.9

Brazil17.615.213.6

Brunei Darussalam16.216.115.4

Bulgaria12.212.811.3

Burkina Faso21.716.514.8

Burundi20.515.614.4

Cambodia16.815.413.3

Cameroon20.816.714.8

Canada1212.610

Cape Verde1715.613.7

Central African Republic20.917.713.8

Chad2217.315.5

Chile15.214.712.9

China13.211.610.4

Colombia15.716.913.1

Comoros21.117.214.8

Congo19.116.113.2

Cook Islands15.315.515.5

Costa Rica15.714.712.9

Cte d'Ivoire19.716.413.9

Croatia13.613.311.8

Cuba1413.612.4

Cyprus16.115.113.4

Czech Republic12.611.810.3

Democratic People's Republic of Korea16.71511

Democratic Republic of the Congo21.91815.1

Denmark10.710.910.5

Djibouti22.516.114.7

Dominica15.614.713.5

Dominican Republic19.515.113.4

Ecuador16.214.712.8

Egypt17.41612.8

El Salvador1915.814.3

Equatorial Guinea20.216.715.5

Eritrea20.416.514.5

Estonia14.413.610.5

Ethiopia21.417.215.6

Fiji15.115.313.8

Finland11.710.89.9

France12.211.410.6

Gabon18.414.914.3

Gambia20.616.514.2

Georgia16.114.111.2

Germany11.410.99.3

Ghana18.915.614.4

Greece10.51110

Grenada15.714.112.9

Guatemala18.317.213.2

Guinea22.816.915.2

Guinea-Bissau22.316.714.7

Guyana21.214.914.5

Haiti2013.613.6

Honduras18.615.214

Hungary14.213.911.2

Iceland11.311.610

India17.516.913.6

Indonesia13.515.113.4

Iran (Islamic Republic of)16.218.517.5

Iraq18.715.318.4

Ireland1111.210.3

Israel12.412.411.1

Italy11.611.39.5

Jamaica15.113.411.5

Japan9.910.68.8

Jordan18.818.514.9

Kazakhstan1516.913.9

Kenya19.115.113.7

Kiribati15.715.916.5

Kuwait15.613.413.3

Kyrgyzstan19.218.815.3

Lao People's Democratic Republic18.517.216.4

Latvia15.314.610.9

Lebanon16.713.614.5

Lesotho18.215.713.1

Liberia23.917.415.4

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya17.414.713.9

Lithuania18.216.112.8

Luxembourg10.811.19.8

Madagascar22.117.114.4

Malawi19.51714.3

Malaysia14.515.113.3

Maldives21.515.613.8

Mali23.518.316.1

Malta10.711.810

Marshall Islands15.314.913.8

Mauritania23.817.915.1

Mauritius16.322.914.5

Mexico14.315.312.1

Micronesia (Federated States of)15.215.214.2

Monaco12.412.511

Mongolia18.51512.1

Morocco22.721.716.4

Mozambique21.31814.5

Myanmar17.414.313.5

Namibia18.616.213.3

Nauru16.714.513.5

Nepal23.915.215.1

Netherlands1211.910.4

New Zealand1111.611.1

Nicaragua18.314.912.9

Niger26.219.617.5

Nigeria20.116.815.6

Niue15.615.815.5

Norway11.211.49.9

Oman17.917.314.5

Pakistan24.116.315

Palau1515.114.7

Panama14.414.213

Papua New Guinea18.115.514.8

Paraguay16.61514

Peru16.415.313.3

Philippines14.316.414.3

Poland17.214.713

Portugal13.513.410.9

Qatar17.615.113.6

Republic of Korea12.110.610.8

Republic of Moldova12.715.212.9

Romania12.915.113

Russian Federation15.814.410.8

Rwanda21.515.914.1

Saint Kitts and Nevis14.513.712.7

Saint Lucia14.714.513.7

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines15.414.113.6

Samoa15.614.913.5

San Marino11.411.79.6

Sao Tome and Principe19.815.814.1

Saudi Arabia17.41514.9

Senegal20.716.614.7

Serbia and Montenegro12.51513.3

Seychelles18.617.815.9

Sierra Leone24.619.316.2

Singapore14.114.312.7

Slovakia15.913.911.4

Slovenia12.811.610.2

Solomon Islands15.916.815.3

Somalia24.417.517.7

South Africa16.515.113.8

Spain11.911.69.3

Sri Lanka15.615.413.9

Sudan23.116.915.9

Suriname16.114.114.1

Swaziland17.415.112.9

Sweden11.311.19.5

Switzerland10.710.29.7

Syrian Arab Republic17.917.414.2

Tajikistan19.720.515.2

Thailand14.615.914.1

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia1214.713.5

Timor-Leste14.4

Togo19.415.514.3

Tonga14.914.813.5

Trinidad and Tobago14.514.611.9

Tunisia15.913.313.9

Turkey16.514.212.9

Turkmenistan18.319.114.5

Tuvalu14.814.813.6

Uganda21.116.614.1

Ukraine16.415.612.8

United Arab Emirates16.415.414.5

United Kingdom10.611.310.4

United Republic of Tanzania20.416.814.3

United States of America13.413.510.7

Uruguay14.613.712.5

Uzbekistan17.918.214.1

Vanuatu15.816.114.1

Venezuela16.11513.1

Viet Nam15.914.512.9

Yemen20.516.618.5

Zambia18.315.213.1

Zimbabwe17.11512.3

Life expectancy at birth (years) total population (?)

Country200020012002200320042005


Albania69.469.570.472

Algeria68.969.469.470

Andorra79.579.680.381

Angola36.436.139.940

Antigua and Barbuda70.97171.472

Argentina73.773.974.474

Armenia69.269.77068

Australia79.88080.481

Austria78.67979.479


Bahamas71.771.972.172

Bahrain72.972.773.274


Barbados74.474.474.375

Belarus6968.568.368

Belgium77.87878.479

Belize69.97069.768

Benin52.152.151.253

Bhutan61.361.661.363

Bolivia62.262.763.265

Bosnia and Herzegovina72.672.872.873

Botswana41.139.140.436

Brazil68.468.768.969


Bulgaria71.671.571.972


Burundi40.840.440.842

Cambodia55.756.254.654

Cameroon50.549.748.148

Canada79.179.379.880

Cape Verde69.269.570.170


Chad48.248.647.746

Chile76.176.376.777

China70.871.271.171

Colombia70.770.771.872

Comoros61.661.863.364

Congo52.752.953.154


Costa Rica76.476.177.177

Cte d'Ivoire46.245.945.345

Croatia72.972.974.875

Cuba76.876.977.177

Cyprus76.876.977.378


Democratic People's Republic of Korea66.166.165.866


Denmark76.977.277.277

Djibouti4949.349.655

Dominica73.773.873.373

Dominican Republic66.8676868

Ecuador69.770.370.671

Egypt66.366.567.167



Eritrea44.753.657.659

Estonia7171.271.171

Ethiopia47.5484850

Fiji69.669.767.368

Finland77.777.978.279

France79.179.379.780

Gabon59.159.359.258

Gambia58.358.557.157

Georgia68.768.971.771

Germany7878.278.779

Ghana57.357.457.658

Greece7878.178.479

Grenada67.167.267.467

Guatemala65.966.265.966

Guinea51.451.952.352


Guyana63.86464.362

Haiti535050.153

Honduras67.167.367.267

Hungary71.571.772.673

Iceland79.679.880.180

India60.660.86162

Indonesia65.465.966.467


Iraq60.460.76155

Ireland76.376.577.178

Israel78.578.579.480

Italy79.179.379.781

Jamaica72.672.772.873

Japan81.381.481.982

Jordan70.770.870.871


Kenya49.748.950.950

Kiribati63.263.664.165

Kuwait75.475.376.277



Latvia70.570.770.371

Lebanon69.669.869.870

Lesotho41.94035.738

Liberia45.646.241.841

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya7070.472.673

Lithuania72.672.971.972



Malawi36.636.340.242

Malaysia71.771.77272

Maldives63.46466.165

Mali4545.244.845

Malta77.978.178.179

Marshall Islands6262.462.761

Mauritania51.95252.151

Mauritius71.371.171.972

Mexico74.274.274.474


Monaco79.780.381.281

Mongolia64.264.662.965

Morocco69.369.470.871

Mozambique45.244.842.645

Myanmar57.157.258.959

Namibia50.648.849.351

Nauru61.761.962.761

Nepal5858.360.161

Netherlands78.178.378.679

New Zealand78.378.578.979

Nicaragua69.369.570.170

Niger42.442.542.641

Nigeria51.651.648.845

Niue70.570.470.371

Norway78.778.879.179

Oman71.571.673.174

Pakistan61.261.361.462

Palau68.268.668.568

Panama7574.975.475


Paraguay70.470.671.772

Peru68.168.569.770


Poland73.97474.775

Portugal76.476.577.177

Qatar71.771.774.374


Republic of Moldova67.86867.867

Romania71.171.171.471


Rwanda41.340.744.445



Saint Vincent and the Grenadines70.17069.870

Samoa68.568.568.268

San Marino80.780.880.681

Sao Tome and Principe6464.362.759

Saudi Arabia70.370.570.871

Senegal55.655.855.856

Serbia and Montenegro72.172.272.373


Sierra Leone32.834.23438

Singapore78.478.879.680

Slovakia73.373.37474

Slovenia75.775.976.777


Somalia43.343.144.344

South Africa51.24950.749

Spain78.878.979.680

Sri Lanka68.869.970.371

Sudan56.655.957.159

Suriname67.367.467.666

Swaziland42.140.238.835

Sweden79.88080.481




Thailand68.868.969.370

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia7271.87272

Timor-Leste57.558

Togo51.851.751.752

Tonga69.669.470.771


Tunisia70.971.171.672

Turkey68.9697070


Tuvalu63.763.560.661

Uganda45.846.449.349

Ukraine67.867.767.267


United Kingdom7777.578.279


United States of America76.87777.377

Uruguay75.17575.275


Vanuatu65.365.667.768

Venezuela73.473.673.974

Viet Nam69.169.369.671

Yemen59.46060.459

Zambia3736.839.739

Zimbabwe37.736.837.937

Life expectancy at birth (years) males (?)

Country200020012002200320042005


Albania64.366.367.369

Algeria68.167.767.569

Andorra77.276.276.878

Angola44.334.137.938

Antigua and Barbuda71.868.76970

Argentina70.270.170.871

Armenia64.466.26765

Australia76.677.477.978

Austria74.975.976.476

Azerbaijan61.760.76362

Bahamas6868.86969

Bahrain72.772.272.173


Barbados71.670.570.571

Belarus6262.962.663

Belgium74.674.875.275

Belize69.167.767.465

Benin51.75150.152

Bhutan60.460.560.261

Bolivia60.961.161.863


Botswana44.639.340.237

Brazil64.565.565.766


Bulgaria67.468.468.769


Burundi40.638.438.740

Cambodia53.453.351.950

Cameroon4948.947.247

Canada7676.677.278

Cape Verde66.565.766.667

Central African Republic41.64242.142

Chad47.44746.144

Chile72.573.273.474

China68.969.869.670

Colombia67.266.767.568

Comoros55.359.861.662

Congo50.151.851.653


Costa Rica73.473.874.875

Cte d'Ivoire46.44543.142

Croatia69.868.97171

Cuba73.774.77575

Cyprus74.874.675.576


Democratic People's Republic of Korea64.56464.465


Denmark74.274.874.875

Djibouti43.547.948.653

Dominica72.671.67171


Ecuador68.267.667.968

Egypt65.465.365.365

El Salvador66.366.366.567


Eritrea49.152.355.858

Estonia65.465.765.165

Ethiopia42.846.846.849

Fiji66.967.864.666

Finland73.774.574.875

France75.275.675.976

Gabon54.65857.355

Gambia55.956.255.456

Georgia65.765.468.467

Germany74.375.175.676

Ghana5555.856.357

Greece75.475.575.876

Grenada70.965.865.966

Guatemala63.563.663.164

Guinea4950.150.951


Guyana61.561.361.561

Haiti49.745.649.152

Honduras66.364.464.265

Hungary66.367.368.468

Iceland77.178.278.478

India59.86060.160

Indonesia63.464.464.965


Iraq61.758.759.150

Ireland74.173.874.476

Israel76.676.177.378

Italy7676.276.878

Jamaica72.87171.171

Japan77.577.978.478

Jordan68.568.668.669


Kenya48.248.249.850

Kiribati60.461.761.862

Kuwait74.274.975.876

Kyrgyzstan6060.160.459


Latvia64.265.264.666

Lebanon69.167.667.668

Lesotho4240.132.935

Liberia46.644.640.140


Lithuania66.967.766.266



Malawi37.135.739.841

Malaysia68.369.269.670

Maldives64.663.966.566

Mali42.744.243.944

Malta75.475.875.976



Mauritius67.667.568.469

Mexico7171.671.772


Monaco76.876.577.878

Mongolia61.261.260.162

Morocco66.167.568.869


Myanmar56.254.656.256

Namibia42.848.448.150

Nauru58.858.759.758

Nepal58.558.659.960



Nicaragua66.467.167.968

Niger42.741.942.642

Nigeria49.850.64845

Niue69.567.667.668

Norway75.776.176.477

Oman69.569.47171

Pakistan60.16161.162

Palau64.766.966.466

Panama71.572.172.873


Paraguay70.268.368.769

Peru66.766.367.568


Poland69.269.970.671

Portugal71.772.773.674

Qatar70.470.774.875



Romania66.267.86868


Rwanda38.538.941.943

Saint Kitts and Nevis66.16968.769



Samoa66.76766.867

San Marino76.177.677.278



Senegal5454.454.354


Seychelles66.566.76767


Singapore75.476.577.478

Slovakia69.269.369.870

Slovenia71.972.172.873


Somalia43.8414343


Spain75.475.376.176

Sri Lanka67.666.667.268

Sudan55.454.154.957

Suriname6864.264.463

Swaziland44.740.236.933

Sweden77.377.77878



Tajikistan60.459.96159

Thailand6665.76667


Timor-Leste54.855

Togo50.550.35050

Tonga67.468.17071


Tunisia69.26969.570

Turkey66.86767.968

Turkmenistan6058.958.856

Tuvalu63.661.96061

Uganda43.545.347.947

Ukraine62.662.261.762





Uruguay7070.97171


Vanuatu64.264.566.467

Venezuela70.670.77171

Viet Nam66.766.967.168

Yemen59.358.458.757

Zambia39.236.739.139

Zimbabwe45.437.137.737

Life expectancy at birth (years) females (?)

Country200020012002200320042005


Albania72.973.274.175

Algeria71.271.171.272

Andorra83.882.983.784

Angola48.338.34242


Argentina77.877.778.178

Armenia71.2737372

Australia82.182.68383

Austria81.481.882.282


Bahamas74.87575.275

Bahrain74.773.474.575


Barbados77.778.277.978

Belarus7474.274.375

Belgium80.981.281.582

Belize74.772.772.471

Benin53.853.352.454

Bhutan62.562.762.464

Bolivia63.664.364.767


Botswana44.438.640.636

Brazil71.97272.373


Bulgaria74.974.875.376


Burundi41.342.34345

Cambodia58.55957.157

Cameroon50.450.54948

Canada81.581.982.382



Chad51.150.249.347

Chile79.579.58080

China7372.772.773

Colombia75.174.876.377

Comoros58.163.864.966

Congo52.953.854.555

Cook Islands72.17474.274

Costa Rica78.878.679.580

Cte d'Ivoire48.4474849

Croatia77.777.178.678

Cuba77.579.279.379

Cyprus7979.279.181

Czech Republic78.278.87979



Denmark78.579.579.580

Djibouti44.750.450.756

Dominica78.37675.876


Ecuador74.273.273.574

Egypt69.167.86969



Eritrea515559.361

Estonia76.576.577.177

Ethiopia44.749.249.451

Fiji71.271.870.371

Finland80.981.281.582

France83.182.983.584

Gabon56.960.561.460

Gambia58.76158.959

Georgia71.872.47575

Germany80.681.181.682

Ghana57.958.958.860

Greece80.880.881.181

Grenada73.268.768.869

Guatemala68.6696969

Guinea5253.853.753


Guyana6766.766.964

Haiti56.154.751.154

Honduras7170.370.469

Hungary75.276.176.877

Iceland81.881.381.882

India62.761.76263

Indonesia67.467.467.968


Iraq64.762.963.161

Ireland79.779.279.881

Israel80.680.981.482

Italy82.482.282.584

Jamaica76.674.574.674

Japan84.784.785.385

Jordan72.573.573.373

Kazakhstan68.467.268.967

Kenya49.649.651.949

Kiribati64.565.866.767

Kuwait76.875.976.979



Latvia75.57675.876

Lebanon73.3727272

Lesotho42.239.838.240

Liberia49.14843.743


Lithuania77.277.977.678



Malawi37.836.940.642

Malaysia74.174.474.775

Maldives64.464.465.664

Mali44.646.245.746

Malta80.780.380.381



Mauritius74.674.975.576

Mexico76.276.77777


Monaco84.48484.585

Mongolia66.968.365.969

Morocco70.471.372.873


Myanmar61.159.961.863

Namibia42.64950.553

Nauru66.666.266.565

Nepal5857.960.261



Nicaragua71.17272.473

Niger43.943.242.741

Nigeria51.452.649.646

Niue72.873.573.374

Norway81.481.481.782

Oman73.574.676.377

Pakistan60.761.561.662

Palau69.370.570.970

Panama76.378.178.278


Paraguay74.272.974.775

Peru71.670.97273


Poland77.778.178.779

Portugal79.380.180.581

Qatar7574.373.874



Romania73.574.57575

Russian Federation7272.372.172

Rwanda40.542.846.846


Saint Lucia74.27374.475


Samoa72.969.969.770

San Marino83.883.98484



Senegal56.157.257.357




Singapore80.281.181.782

Slovakia77.577.478.378

Slovenia79.479.580.581


Somalia45.945.445.745


Spain82.382.68383

Sri Lanka75.374.174.375

Sudan57.857.959.362

Suriname73.570.770.869

Swaziland45.640.140.436

Sweden8282.382.683




Thailand72.472.272.773

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia74.874.975.175

Timor-Leste60.561

Togo5353.153.354

Tonga72.970.871.471


Tunisia73.473.573.974

Turkey72.571.272.273


Tuvalu67.665.461.462

Uganda44.647.750.850

Ukraine73.373.372.973





Uruguay77.979.279.380

Uzbekistan6868.570.869

Vanuatu68.167.169.169

Venezuela76.576.576.877

Viet Nam7171.872.274

Yemen6261.462.261

Zambia39.53740.239

Zimbabwe4636.53836

Healthy life expectancy at birth (years) total population (?)

Country200020012002200320042005


Albania58.658.761.4

Algeria57.557.860.6

Andorra70.870.972.2

Angola28.928.733.4



Armenia57.958.361


Austria70.77171.4


Bahamas58.458.663.3

Bahrain61.961.864.3

Bangladesh5252.154.3


Belarus58.858.460.7

Belgium69.669.771.1

Belize58.758.960.3

Benin42.142.144

Bhutan51.251.452.9

Bolivia50.450.854.4



Brazil56.356.759.8

Brunei Darussalam626265.3

Bulgaria63.16364.6

Burkina Faso3535.135.6

Burundi33.933.735.1


Cameroon4140.441.5

Canada69.769.972

Cape Verde56.356.560.8

Central African Republic343437.4

Chad38.538.740.7

Chile65.866.167.3

China62.863.264.1

Colombia58.658.762

Comoros49.749.954.6

Congo42.94346.3


Costa Rica6564.867.2

Cte d'Ivoire3837.839.5

Croatia63.163.366.6

Cuba66.666.668.3

Cyprus66.266.267.6



Democratic Republic of the Congo34.934.837.1

Denmark69.870.169.8


Dominica6262.163.7

Dominican Republic5656.459.6

Ecuador5959.561.9

Egypt56.456.759



Eritrea37.544.150

Estonia61.96264.1


Fiji58.758.858.8

Finland69.970.171.1

France71.171.372

Gabon49.749.951.4

Gambia47.84849.5

Georgia59.759.864.4

Germany70.170.271.8

Ghana47.747.849.8

Greece70.470.471

Grenada57.357.559.2

Guatemala5454.357.4

Guinea4242.444.8


Guyana53.554.155.2

Haiti45.142.943.8

Honduras55.755.958.4

Hungary61.661.864.9

Iceland71.371.272.8

India51.251.453.5



Iraq50.450.550.1

Ireland68.96969.8

Israel69.469.471.4

Italy70.97172.7

Jamaica62.962.865.1

Japan73.573.675

Jordan58.558.561


Kenya41.440.844.4

Kiribati52.953.254

Kuwait65.164.967


Lao People's Democratic Republic44.244.247

Latvia59.96062.8

Lebanon59.259.460.4

Lesotho34.933.431.4

Liberia3737.535.3





Malawi30.129.834.9



Mali35.635.737.9

Malta69.269.271




Mexico63.863.865.5


Monaco70.871.372.9

Mongolia53.753.955.6

Morocco55.355.460.2


Myanmar48.948.951.7

Namibia41.840.443.3

Nauru52.552.755.1

Nepal48.748.951.8




Niger33.133.235.5

Nigeria41.941.941.5

Niue59.259.160.4

Norway70.770.872

Oman60.460.464

Pakistan50.950.953.3

Palau57.457.759.6

Panama63.964.166.2


Paraguay58.458.761.9

Peru57.157.461


Poland64.364.365.8


Qatar61.261.265.2



Romania6160.963.1


Rwanda34.133.838.3




Samoa57.857.759.7




Senegal45.345.448








Somalia35.13536.8

South Africa4341.344.3

Spain70.770.972.6

Sri Lanka58.358.961.6

Sudan45.945.548.5



Sweden71.671.873.3


Syrian Arab Republic5959.261.7




Timor-Leste49.8

Togo42.842.744.6

Tonga5958.861.8

Trinidad and Tobago60.460.462

Tunisia61.161.362.5

Turkey59.759.862


Tuvalu53.953.953

Uganda37.53842.7

Ukraine57.557.459.2





Uruguay64.764.766.2


Vanuatu54.654.958.9

Venezuela60.961.164.2

Viet Nam58.558.661.3

Yemen47.948.449.3

Zambia31.130.934.9

Zimbabwe3231.333.6

Healthy life expectancy at birth (years) males (?)

Country200020012002200320042005


Albania56.555.959.5

Algeria58.455.859.7

Andorra69.868.869.8

Angola36.225.731.6



Armenia56.955.459.4


Austria68.168.969.3


Bahamas57.254.760.9

Bahrain6362.364.2


Barbados62.36162.9

Belarus55.453.956.6

Belgium67.767.768.9

Belize5856.358.4

Benin43.140.143.4

Bhutan50.15052.9

Bolivia51.44853.6


Botswana38.13336

Brazil54.952.257.2


Bulgaria6160.862.5


Burundi33.931.733.4

Cambodia45.64345.6


Canada68.368.270.1



Chad38.635.939.7

Chile63.564.464.9

China60.96263.1


Comoros46.24753.9

Congo42.540.945.3




Croatia60.859.763.8

Cuba65.164.767.1

Cyprus66.465.366.7




Denmark68.969.368.6




Ecuador58.456.659.8

Egypt57.156.457.8



Eritrea41.442.349.3

Estonia56.25859.2


Fiji58.756.856.9

Finland66.167.768.7

France68.56969.3

Gabon46.848.250.2

Gambia47.345.148.5

Georgia56.157.562.2

Germany67.468.369.6

Ghana46.545.849.2

Greece69.76969.1

Grenada62.15658.4


Guinea40.44043.9


Guyana51.451.653.1

Haiti41.338.543.5


Hungary55.35861.5

Iceland69.870.572.1

India52.251.553.3


Iran (Islamic Republic of)5955.556.1

Iraq52.647.748.8

Ireland67.867.668.1

Israel69.36870.5

Italy69.569.270.7

Jamaica62.961.164.2

Japan71.271.472.3

Jordan58.257.259.7


Kenya41.239.544.1


Kuwait64.664.167.4



Latvia51.455.258

Lebanon60.356.559.2

Lesotho36.133.229.6

Liberia38.235.333.6





Malawi31.42935


Maldives54.249.659

Mali34.833.737.5

Malta68.767.669.7




Mexico63.162.663.4

Micronesia (Federated States of)55.85457

Monaco69.46970.7


Morocco55.354.959.5


Myanmar47.746.549.9

Namibia36.539.842.9

Nauru50.448.852.7

Nepal47.548.752.5




Niger33.931.735.8

Nigeria42.14041.3

Niue60.856.458.9

Norway68.869.370.4

Oman59.25962.7


Palau56.555.558.7

Panama62.661.264.3



Peru57.854.759.6

Philippines5751.157.1

Poland59.362.163.1


Qatar59.359.266.7



Romania59.558.661


Rwanda3231.736.4




Samoa58.25659.2




Senegal45.243.147.1





Slovakia59.661.663


Solomon Islands5852.655.4

Somalia35.532.536.1

South Africa434043.3

Spain68.768.769.9

Sri Lanka58.655.259.2

Sudan45.742.947.2



Sweden70.170.571.9






Timor-Leste47.9

Togo42.740.643.5

Tonga59.357.161.9


Tunisia6158.961.3

Turkey56.858.561.2


Tuvalu56.45253

Uganda36.236.241.7

Ukraine52.352.954.9



United Republic of Tanzania38.636.340


Uruguay61.761.263


Vanuatu5653.458.5


Viet Nam58.255.959.8

Yemen48.945.548

Zambia33.730.534.8

Zimbabwe39.631.633.8

Healthy life expectancy at birth (years) females (?)

Country200020012002200320042005


Albania62.361.563.3

Algeria58.359.961.6

Andorra73.77374.6

Angola37.631.735.1



Armenia61.161.162.6


Austria72.57373.5


Bahamas59.162.565.7

Bahrain62.361.364.4



Belarus64.862.864.9

Belgium7171.873.3

Belize60.461.562.2

Benin41.944.144.5

Bhutan48.252.952.9

Bolivia51.453.655.2



Brazil59.261.162.4




Burundi32.935.736.8


Cameroon39.94241.8

Canada71.771.674



Chad39.941.541.7

Chile67.467.869.7

China63.364.365.2


Comoros45.852.855.3

Congo42.845.247.3


Costa Rica66.46769.3


Croatia67.166.969.3

Cuba66.768.569.5

Cyprus66.267.268.5




Denmark70.170.871.1




Ecuador62.262.464.1

Egypt575760.2



Eritrea40.545.950.8

Estonia65.466.169


Fiji60.560.860.6

Finland71.572.573.5

France72.973.574.7

Gabon46.551.552.6

Gambia46.65150.5

Georgia60.262.266.6

Germany71.572.274

Ghana46.949.750.3

Greece72.371.972.9

Grenada61.85960

Guatemala5657.259.9

Guinea40.144.745.6


Guyana52.856.757.2

Haiti44.947.344.1


Hungary64.565.568.2

Iceland72.671.973.6

India51.751.353.6



Iraq52.553.351.5

Ireland70.970.471.5

Israel70.670.872.3

Italy72.872.974.7

Jamaica6564.565.9

Japan76.375.877.7

Jordan58.859.962.3


Kenya40.142.144.8


Kuwait64.865.866.6


Lao People's Democratic Republic45.74647

Latvia63.964.967.5

Lebanon61.162.261.6

Lesotho34.533.633.2

Liberia37.439.637



Luxembourg7272.773.7


Malawi30.530.734.8



Mali34.137.738.3

Malta72.170.972.3




Mexico65.36567.6


Monaco73.973.575.2

Mongolia54.55858

Morocco54.555.960.9


Myanmar50.551.453.5

Namibia34.741.143.8

Nauru55.456.657.5

Nepal44.249.151.1



Nicaragua5861.363.1

Niger32.434.735.2

Nigeria41.143.841.8

Niue61.461.962

Norway72.372.273.6

Oman60.361.765.3


Palau58.959.960.5

Panama65.366.968



Peru59.860.162.4


Poland64.366.668.5


Qatar61.863.163.8



Romania6463.365.2


Rwanda31.83640.2




Samoa61.659.560.3

San Marino74.37475.9



Senegal44.547.748.9








Somalia34.737.437.5


Spain72.57375.3

Sri Lanka63.662.664

Sudan44.448.149.9



Sweden72.773.274.8






Timor-Leste51.8

Togo42.744.945.7

Tonga6260.461.8

Trinidad and Tobago636264.2

Tunisia61.763.763.6

Turkey60.561.162.8

Turkmenistan5353.857.2

Tuvalu57.655.753.1

Uganda35.239.843.7

Ukraine61.361.863.6





Uruguay66.568.369.4


Vanuatu57.456.359.4

Venezuela64.26566.7

Viet Nam59.761.462.9

Yemen49.351.250.7

Zambia32.331.435

Zimbabwe38.13133.3

Healthy life expectancy at age 60 (years) females (?)

Country200020012002200320042005


Albania14.412.713.9

Algeria1112.213.3

Andorra19.418.519.9

Angola7.39.29.6


Argentina1615.116.5

Armenia1212.213.3


Austria18.418.519.3


Bahamas12.614.715.6

Bahrain11.49.411.6

Bangladesh810.911.1


Belarus14.41314.6

Belgium1817.819.1

Belize13.612.913.3

Benin7.49.510.4

Bhutan8.811.111.3

Bolivia101112.1


Botswana8.912.211.9

Brazil12.61313.7




Burundi7.79.610.4

Cambodia10.110.511

Cameroon89.910.4

Canada17.817.919.3



Chad7.59.310

Chile15.715.516.8

China14.314.214.7

Colombia1412.915.4

Comoros7.710.211.5

Congo8.910.611.5




Croatia15.214.416.1

Cuba15.516.616.7

Cyprus14.114.515




Denmark16.516.717.2

Djibouti79.610.6

Dominica16.41515.3


Ecuador14.414.215.2

Egypt109.211.3


Equatorial Guinea8.31010.5

Eritrea8.110.311.3

Estonia14.81516.5

Ethiopia7.59.410.2

Fiji12.712.311.9

Finland17.918.118.9

France19.419.120.3

Gabon9.31111.6

Gambia8.110.311.2

Georgia11.112.114.6

Germany17.617.719

Ghana910.611.2

Greece17.617.118.1

Grenada14.112.112.6


Guinea79.610.5


Guyana11.112.112.2

Haiti8.511.211.7


Hungary13.814.415.9

Iceland18.617.618.7

India10.910.211.4



Iraq9.51110.6

Ireland16.916.117.5

Israel17.116.918.2

Italy18.818.219.4

Jamaica15.713.914.5

Japan21.420.721.7

Jordan11.311.512.9


Kenya9.110.711.5


Kuwait131313.6



Latvia14.414.415.7

Lebanon12.212.912.6

Lesotho8.810.611

Liberia6.99.19.7





Malawi7.89.510.4

Malaysia12.71212

Maldives8.67.59.4

Mali7.29.29.5

Malta17.716.517.6




Mexico1514.916.3

Micronesia (Federated States of)1211.211.5

Monaco20.219.420.5


Morocco101012.7


Myanmar10.11111.3

Namibia9.110.912.1

Nauru10.510.410.5

Nepal9.610.510.8




Niger5.88.69.3

Nigeria8.29.510

Niue13.81312.8

Norway18.217.918.9

Oman1212.313.7

Pakistan8.710.811.4

Palau10.711.712

Panama15.316.416.8


Paraguay1412.914.6

Peru13.613.214.4


Poland13.814.616.1

Portugal1616.217.7

Qatar11.612.711.2

Republic of Korea1616.617.1


Romania14.413.514.6


Rwanda7.29.610.5




Samoa14.311.611.6



Saudi Arabia12.11313

Senegal89.810.7



Sierra Leone68.59.2


Slovakia1414.616.1



Somalia6.48.89.4


Spain18.318.219.9

Sri Lanka14.612.712.7

Sudan7.89.910.7


Swaziland9.61110.9

Sweden18.718.519.6





The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia14.31314

Timor-Leste11.1

Togo8.610.210.7

Tonga13.611.912


Tunisia12.613.413.3

Turkey13.412.414.2


Tuvalu11.51110.3

Uganda7.49.410.9

Ukraine11.812.213.7





Uruguay15.816.817.1


Vanuatu11.710.811.7

Venezuela14.71515.7

Viet Nam12.312.513.1

Yemen8.810.410.4

Zambia8.51010.4

Zimbabwe9.710.710.6

Expectation of lost healthy years at birth males (?)

Country200020012002200320042005

Afghanistan9.1106.6

Albania7.910.47.8

Algeria9.711.97.9

Andorra7.37.47

Angola8.18.46.3


Argentina8.49.58.3

Armenia7.510.87.6

Australia6.97.37

Austria6.877.1


Bahamas10.814.18.1

Bahrain9.79.97.9


Barbados9.39.57.6

Belarus6.696.1

Belgium6.97.16.3

Belize11.111.49

Benin8.510.96.6

Bhutan10.310.57.3

Bolivia9.513.18.2


Botswana6.56.44.2

Brazil9.513.38.5


Bulgaria6.37.56.2


Burundi6.76.85.3

Cambodia7.810.36.3

Cameroon8.110.16

Canada7.78.47.1



Chad8.711.16.4

Chile98.78.5

China87.76.5

Colombia8.611.49.7

Comoros9.112.87.8

Congo7.710.96.3




Croatia99.27.2

Cuba8.6107.9

Cyprus8.49.48.8




Denmark5.35.56.3

Djibouti7.8106.1

Dominica9.412.29.1


Ecuador9.911.18.1

Egypt8.38.97.4



Eritrea7.79.96.5

Estonia9.37.76

Ethiopia7.1106.1

Fiji8.3117.7

Finland7.66.86.1

France6.76.66.6

Gabon7.89.87.1

Gambia8.611.16.9

Georgia9.67.96.2

Germany6.96.85.9

Ghana8.5107.2

Greece5.76.56.7

Grenada8.89.77.5


Guinea8.610.17


Guyana10.19.78.4

Haiti8.47.15.6

Honduras10.612.37.9

Hungary119.36.9

Iceland7.37.66.3

India7.68.46.8

Indonesia6.98.37.5


Iraq9.21110.3

Ireland6.36.16.3

Israel7.38.16.9

Italy6.476

Jamaica109.96.9

Japan6.36.56.1

Jordan10.311.49

Kazakhstan7.59.86.1

Kenya78.75.7

Kiribati7.610.69.5

Kuwait9.610.88.4


Lao People's Democratic Republic8.611.17

Latvia12.810.16.6

Lebanon8.911.18.4

Lesotho5.96.93.3

Liberia8.49.36.5



Luxembourg6.36.46.4


Malawi5.86.74.8

Malaysia8.611.78

Maldives10.414.37.5

Mali7.910.56.4

Malta6.78.26.2



Mauritius9.1118.1

Mexico7.998.4

Micronesia (Federated States of)810.67.9

Monaco7.47.57.1

Mongolia10.911.46.8

Morocco10.812.69.4

Mozambique6.49.34.9

Myanmar8.58.26.3

Namibia6.38.65.2

Nauru8.39.96.9

Nepal119.97.4




Niger8.810.26.8

Nigeria7.710.66.8

Niue8.711.38.6

Norway6.96.85.9

Oman10.310.48.3

Pakistan1010.76.9

Palau8.211.47.7

Panama8.910.88.5

Papua New Guinea8.510.57

Paraguay10.312.99.1

Peru8.911.57.9

Philippines7.713.18

Poland107.87.5

Portugal7.88.56.9

Qatar11.111.58.2



Romania6.89.27


Rwanda6.57.35.6




Samoa8.5117.6

San Marino6.57.26.3



Senegal8.811.37.3

Serbia and Montenegro6.597



Singapore8.68.68.6

Slovakia9.77.76.7

Slovenia7.476.1


Somalia8.38.56.9


Spain6.66.66.2

Sri Lanka911.58

Sudan9.811.27.8

Suriname8.5107.6

Swaziland66.43.7

Sweden7.27.26.2




Thailand8.49.38.4


Timor-Leste6.9

Togo7.99.76.5

Tonga8.1118.2


Tunisia8.210.18.2

Turkey108.56.7


Tuvalu7.29.97

Uganda7.296.2

Ukraine10.39.36.8

United Arab Emirates1097.8



United States of America8.287.4

Uruguay8.49.78


Vanuatu8.2118


Viet Nam8.5117.4

Yemen10.412.910.8

Zambia5.56.24.3

Zimbabwe5.85.63.9

Expectation of lost healthy years at birth females (?)

Country200020012002200320042005


Albania10.611.710.8

Algeria12.911.29.6

Andorra10.1109.1

Angola10.86.56.9


Argentina11.91210

Armenia10.111.910.4

Australia8.89.58.7

Austria8.98.88.6


Bahamas15.712.59.5

Bahrain12.412.210.1


Barbados13.410.69.8

Belarus9.211.49.4

Belgium9.99.48.2

Belize14.311.310.2

Benin11.99.27.9

Bhutan14.39.99.5

Bolivia12.110.79.4


Botswana7.95.95.2

Brazil12.7119.8


Bulgaria9.29.68.5


Burundi8.56.66.2

Cambodia9.89.17.6

Cameroon10.58.47.3

Canada9.810.48.3



Chad11.28.77.6

Chile12.111.710.3

China9.78.47.6

Colombia11.812.710

Comoros12.3119.6

Congo10.18.77.2




Croatia10.610.29.3

Cuba10.910.89.8

Cyprus12.71210.6




Denmark8.48.78.4

Djibouti10.18.17.4



Ecuador1210.89.4

Egypt1210.88.8



Eritrea10.49.18.6

Estonia1110.48.1

Ethiopia9.68.57.7

Fiji10.7119.7

Finland9.58.88

France10.29.58.8

Gabon10.498.8

Gambia12.110.18.4

Georgia11.610.28.4

Germany9.28.97.6

Ghana119.28.5

Greece8.58.98.1

Grenada11.59.78.9


Guinea11.99.18.2


Guyana14.2109.7

Haiti11.27.46.9

Honduras13.210.79.9

Hungary10.710.58.6

Iceland9.39.48.2

India1110.48.4

Indonesia9.110.19.1


Iraq12.19.611.6

Ireland8.88.98.2

Israel10109

Italy9.69.37.8

Jamaica11.5108.6

Japan8.48.97.5

Jordan13.613.610.9


Kenya9.47.57.1

Kiribati10.110.511

Kuwait1210.210.2



Latvia11.611.18.3

Lebanon12.29.810.4

Lesotho7.76.35

Liberia11.78.36.7


Lithuania1412.69.9

Luxembourg8.798

Madagascar129.78.4

Malawi7.46.35.8

Malaysia10.711.210

Maldives13.810.19

Mali10.58.57.4

Malta8.69.58




Mexico10.911.89.3


Monaco10.510.59.3

Mongolia12.410.38

Morocco1615.511.9

Mozambique8.48.36.4

Myanmar10.78.58.4

Namibia7.986.7

Nauru11.19.69

Nepal13.88.89.1


New Zealand8.99.49

Nicaragua1310.79.3

Niger11.58.57.5

Nigeria10.38.97.8

Niue11.411.611.3

Norway9.19.38.1

Oman13.212.911.1

Pakistan14.7109.3

Palau10.410.710.4

Panama1111.110.2


Paraguay12.31110.5

Peru11.810.89.6


Poland13.411.510.2

Portugal10.710.78.8

Qatar13.211.210



Romania9.511.29.7


Rwanda8.76.86.6




Samoa11.310.49.4

San Marino9.59.88.1


Saudi Arabia12.81111

Senegal11.69.58.4





Slovakia12.310.78.9

Slovenia10.29.28.2


Somalia11.27.98.1


Spain9.89.67.7

Sri Lanka11.711.410.3

Sudan13.49.89.4

Suriname11.91010

Swaziland86.15.2

Sweden9.29.17.9






Timor-Leste8.7

Togo10.38.27.7

Tonga10.810.59.6


Tunisia11.79.810.3

Turkey1210.19.3


Tuvalu109.78.3

Uganda9.47.97.2

Ukraine1211.59.4


United Kingdom8.598.4



Uruguay11.410.99.9

Uzbekistan12.212.410

Vanuatu10.810.89.8


Viet Nam11.310.49.3

Yemen12.710.211.5

Zambia7.25.65.3

Zimbabwe7.95.54.7

Percentage of total life expectancy lost males (?)

Country200020012002200320042005


Albania12.215.711.6

Algeria14.317.611.7

Andorra9.59.89.2

Angola18.224.816.6


Argentina1213.611.7

Armenia11.716.311.3

Australia9.19.49

Austria99.39.3


Bahamas15.920.511.7

Bahrain13.313.710.9


Barbados1313.510.7

Belarus10.714.39.7

Belgium9.29.58.3

Belize16.116.813.3

Benin16.521.413.3

Bhutan1717.312.1

Bolivia15.621.413.2



Brazil14.820.213

Brunei Darussalam13.117.413

Bulgaria9.4119.1


Burundi16.517.613.7



Canada10.2119.2



Chad18.423.713.9

Chile12.41211.5

China11.611.19.3


Comoros16.421.412.6

Congo15.321.112.2




Croatia12.913.310.1

Cuba11.613.410.5

Cyprus11.212.511.7




Denmark7.27.38.4

Djibouti1820.912.6

Dominica1317.112.9


Ecuador14.516.411.9

Egypt12.613.711.4



Eritrea15.71911.7

Estonia14.211.79.2

Ethiopia16.621.313

Fiji12.316.212

Finland10.39.18.1

France8.98.78.7

Gabon14.216.912.4

Gambia15.419.712.5

Georgia14.612.19.1

Germany9.39.17.8

Ghana15.517.912.7

Greece7.68.68.9

Grenada12.414.811.4

Guatemala15.819.213

Guinea17.520.113.7


Guyana16.415.913.6

Haiti16.915.511.4

Honduras1619.112.4

Hungary16.513.810

Iceland9.59.88.1

India12.714.111.3



Iraq14.818.717.5

Ireland8.58.38.5

Israel9.610.68.9

Italy8.59.27.8

Jamaica13.713.99.7

Japan8.18.37.8

Jordan1516.713.1


Kenya14.518.111.5


Kuwait1314.411.1



Latvia19.915.410.2

Lebanon12.816.412.5

Lesotho14.117.210.1

Liberia18.120.916.1


Lithuania19.81610.9

Luxembourg8.58.58.4


Malawi15.518.712.1



Mali18.523.814.6

Malta8.910.98.1

Marshall Islands12.71711.7

Mauritania18.522.314


Mexico11.212.611.6


Monaco9.69.89.1


Morocco16.318.713.6


Myanmar15.11511.2

Namibia14.817.810.8

Nauru14.116.911.6

Nepal18.816.812.4



Nicaragua1618.912

Niger20.724.315.9

Nigeria15.520.914.1

Niue12.616.712.8

Norway9.28.97.8

Oman14.81511.8


Palau12.617.111.5

Panama12.51511.7

Papua New Guinea15.41812


Peru13.417.411.7


Poland14.411.110.6

Portugal10.911.79.4

Qatar15.716.210.9



Romania10.213.610.3


Rwanda1718.713.3




Samoa12.716.511.3

San Marino8.59.38.2



Senegal16.320.813.4





Slovakia1411.19.6

Slovenia10.39.78.4


Somalia18.920.716.1


Spain8.88.88.2

Sri Lanka13.417.211.8

Sudan17.620.714.1


Swaziland13.31610.1

Sweden9.39.27.9

Switzerland8.188.5





Timor-Leste12.7

Togo15.519.312.9

Tonga1216.111.7

Trinidad and Tobago1212.510.8

Tunisia11.814.711.8

Turkey14.912.79.8


Tuvalu11.31611.7

Uganda16.72012.9

Ukraine16.414.911





Uruguay11.913.711.3


Vanuatu12.817.112


Viet Nam12.716.511

Yemen17.52218.4

Zambia14.11711

Zimbabwe12.81510.4

Percentage of total life expectancy lost females (?)

Life expectancy at birth (years) total population (?)

Life expectancy at birth (years) males (?)

Life expectancy at birth (years) females (?)


Healthy life expectancy at birth (years) males (?)

Healthy life expectancy at birth (years) females (?)

Healthy life expectancy at age 60 (years) females (?)


Expectation of lost healthy years at birth females (?)

Percentage of total life expectancy lost males (?)

http://www3.who.int/whosis/menu.cfm?path=whosis&language=english

Chatham House

Healthy life expectancy at birth (years) total population (?)Expectation of lost healthy years at birth males (?)

Country200020012002Country200020012002Average 2000-2002Group Average 2000-2002

1Czech Republic66.466.668.4Czech Republic8.68.16.67.88.5

1Estonia61.96264.1Estonia9.37.767.7

1Hungary61.661.864.9Hungary119.36.99.1

1Latvia59.96062.8Latvia12.810.16.69.8

1Lithuania60.861.163.3Lithuania13.310.87.210.4

1Poland64.364.365.8Poland107.87.58.4

1Slovakia64.164.166.2Slovakia9.77.76.78.0

1Slovenia67.567.769.5Slovenia7.476.16.8

2Austria70.77171.4Austria6.877.17.06.6

2Belgium69.669.771.1Belgium6.97.16.36.8

2Denmark69.870.169.8Denmark5.35.56.35.7

2Finland69.970.171.1Finland7.66.86.16.8

2France71.171.372France6.76.66.66.6

2Germany70.170.271.8Germany6.96.85.96.5

2Greece70.470.471Greece5.76.56.76.3

2Ireland68.96969.8Ireland6.36.16.36.2

2Italy70.97172.7Italy6.4766.5

2Luxembourg70.370.671.5Luxembourg6.36.46.46.4

2Netherlands69.769.971.2Netherlands7.37.16.36.9

2Portugal66.866.869.2Portugal7.88.56.97.7

2Spain70.770.972.6Spain6.66.66.26.5

2Sweden71.671.873.3Sweden7.27.26.26.9

2United Kingdom69.269.670.6United Kingdom6.56.66.76.6

3Australia71.471.672.6Australia6.97.377.17.0

3Canada69.769.972Canada7.78.47.17.7

3Japan73.573.675Japan6.36.56.16.3

3New Zealand70.170.370.8New Zealand6.46.97.26.8

3Norway70.770.872Norway6.96.85.96.5

3Switzerland72.572.873.2Switzerland6.26.26.66.3

3United States of America67.467.669.3United States of America8.287.47.9

4Algeria57.557.860.6Algeria9.711.97.99.88.4

4Botswana34.432.935.7Botswana6.56.44.25.7

4Brazil56.356.759.8Brazil9.513.38.510.4

4Chile65.866.167.3Chile98.78.58.7

4Malaysia60.560.463.2Malaysia8.611.789.4

4Mexico63.863.865.5Mexico7.998.48.4

4Russian Federation56.656.758.6Russian Federation9.17.45.67.4

4South Africa4341.344.3South Africa6.67.75.56.6

4Thailand58.658.660.1Thailand8.49.38.48.7

4Tunisia61.161.362.5Tunisia8.210.18.28.8

4Turkey59.759.862Turkey108.56.78.4

5Albania58.658.761.4Albania7.910.47.88.7

5Armenia57.958.361Armenia7.510.87.68.6

5Azerbaijan51.752.857.2Azerbaijan8.410.47.28.7

5Belarus58.858.460.7Belarus6.696.17.2

5Bosnia and Herzegovina62.362.564.3Bosnia and Herzegovina6.69.377.6

5Bulgaria63.16364.6Bulgaria6.37.56.26.7

5Croatia63.163.366.6Croatia99.27.28.5

5Cyprus66.266.267.6Cyprus8.49.48.88.9

5Georgia59.759.864.4Georgia9.67.96.27.9

5Iceland71.371.272.8Iceland7.37.66.37.1

5Kazakhstan52.152.455.9Kazakhstan7.59.86.17.8

5Kyrgyzstan51.451.555.3Kyrgyzstan10.412.58.210.4

5Malta69.269.271Malta6.78.26.27.0

5Monaco70.871.372.9Monaco7.47.57.17.3

5Republic of Moldova57.357.559.8Republic of Moldova7.7106.88.2

5Romania6160.963.1Romania6.89.277.7

5Serbia and Montenegro6262.163.8Serbia and Montenegro6.5977.5

5Singapore68.568.770.1Singapore8.68.68.68.6

5Tajikistan49.450.154.7Tajikistan10.812.87.910.5

5The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia62.362.263.4The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia6.38.57.27.3

5Turkmenistan50.250.354.4Turkmenistan8.812.17.19.3

5Ukraine57.557.459.2Ukraine10.39.36.88.8

5Uzbekistan53.453.559.4Uzbekistan9.411.77.69.6

6Afghanistan33.833.435.5Afghanistan9.1106.68.6

6Andorra70.870.972.2Andorra7.37.477.2

6Angola28.928.733.4Angola8.18.46.37.6

6Antigua and Barbuda59.759.761.9Antigua and Barbuda10.111.88.910.3

6Argentina62.963.165.3Argentina8.49.58.38.7

6Bahamas58.458.663.3Bahamas10.814.18.111.0

6Bahrain61.961.864.3Bahrain9.79.97.99.2

6Bangladesh5252.154.3Bangladesh9.810.27.39.1

6Barbados63.964.365.6Barbados9.39.57.68.8

6Belize58.758.960.3Belize11.111.4910.5

6Benin42.142.144Benin8.510.96.68.7

6Bhutan51.251.452.9Bhutan10.310.57.39.4

6Bolivia50.450.854.4Bolivia9.513.18.210.3

6Brunei Darussalam626265.3Brunei Darussalam9.612.89.710.7

6Burkina Faso3535.135.6Burkina Faso7.28.35.67.0

6Burundi33.933.735.1Burundi6.76.85.36.3

6Cambodia45.946.447.5Cambodia7.810.36.38.1

6Cameroon4140.441.5Cameroon8.110.168.1

6Cape Verde56.356.560.8Cape Verde9.613.67.910.4

6Central African Republic343437.4Central African Republic6.99.75.17.2

6Chad38.538.740.7Chad8.711.16.48.7

6China62.863.264.1China87.76.57.4

6Colombia58.658.762Colombia8.611.49.79.9

6Comoros49.749.954.6Comoros9.112.87.89.9

6Congo42.94346.3Congo7.710.96.38.3

6Cook Islands60.460.561.6Cook Islands8.311.68.69.5

6Costa Rica6564.867.2Costa Rica9.211.19.59.9

6Cte d'Ivoire3837.839.5Cte d'Ivoire7.28.75.47.1

6Cuba66.666.668.3Cuba8.6107.98.8

6Democratic People's Republic of Korea55.855.858.8Democratic People's Republic of Korea9.610.56.48.8

6Democratic Republic of the Congo34.934.837.1Democratic Republic of the Congo7.29.867.7

6Djibouti39.940.142.9Djibouti7.8106.18.0

6Dominica6262.163.7Dominica9.412.29.110.2

6Dominican Republic5656.459.6Dominican Republic10.811.17.79.9

6Ecuador5959.561.9Ecuador9.911.18.19.7

6Egypt56.456.759Egypt8.38.97.48.2

6El Salvador56.857.459.7El Salvador1112.79.311.0

6Equatorial Guinea43.643.845.5Equatorial Guinea8.710.67.28.8

6Eritrea37.544.150Eritrea7.79.96.58.0

6Ethiopia38.538.841.2Ethiopia7.1106.17.7

6Fiji58.758.858.8Fiji8.3117.79.0

6Gabon49.749.951.4Gabon7.89.87.18.2

6Gambia47.84849.5Gambia8.611.16.98.9

6Ghana47.747.849.8Ghana8.5107.28.6

6Grenada57.357.559.2Grenada8.89.77.58.7

6Guatemala5454.357.4Guatemala10.112.28.210.2

6Guinea4242.444.8Guinea8.610.178.6

6Guinea-Bissau38.338.340.5Guinea-Bissau7.79.86.17.9

6Guyana53.554.155.2Guyana10.19.78.49.4

6Haiti45.142.943.8Haiti8.47.15.67.0

6Honduras55.755.958.4Honduras10.612.37.910.3

6India51.251.453.5India7.68.46.87.6

6Indonesia56.256.758.1Indonesia6.98.37.57.6

6Iran (Islamic Republic of)56.556.757.6Iran (Islamic Republic of)9.110.910.410.1

6Iraq50.450.550.1Iraq9.21110.310.2

6Israel69.469.471.4Israel7.38.16.97.4

6Jamaica62.962.865.1Jamaica109.96.98.9

6Jordan58.558.561Jordan10.311.4910.2

6Kenya41.440.844.4Kenya78.75.77.1

6Kiribati52.953.254Kiribati7.610.69.59.2

6Kuwait65.164.967Kuwait9.610.88.49.6

6Lao People's Democratic Republic44.244.247Lao People's Democratic Republic8.611.178.9

6Lebanon59.259.460.4Lebanon8.911.18.49.5

6Lesotho34.933.431.4Lesotho5.96.93.35.4

6Liberia3737.535.3Liberia8.49.36.58.1

6Libyan Arab Jamahiriya59.359.663.7Libyan Arab Jamahiriya9.211.48.19.6

6Madagascar44.444.548.6Madagascar8.511.17.28.9

6Malawi30.129.834.9Malawi5.86.74.85.8

6Maldives51.151.957.8Maldives10.414.37.510.7

6Mali35.635.737.9Mali7.910.56.48.3

6Marshall Islands52.352.654.8Marshall Islands7.910.37.28.5

6Mauritania41.541.644.5Mauritania9.611.46.99.3

6Mauritius57.257.162.4Mauritius9.1118.19.4

6Micronesia (Federated States of)55.555.857.7Micronesia (Federated States of)810.67.98.8

6Mongolia53.753.955.6Mongolia10.911.46.89.7

6Morocco55.355.460.2Morocco10.812.69.410.9

6Mozambique36.33636.9Mozambique6.49.34.96.9

6Myanmar48.948.951.7Myanmar8.58.26.37.7

6Namibia41.840.443.3Namibia6.38.65.26.7

6Nauru52.552.755.1Nauru8.39.96.98.4

6Nepal48.748.951.8Nepal119.97.49.4

6Nicaragua57.757.861.4Nicaragua10.612.78.210.5

6Niger33.133.235.5Niger8.810.26.88.6

6Nigeria41.941.941.5Nigeria7.710.66.88.4

6Niue59.259.160.4Niue8.711.38.69.5

6Oman60.460.464Oman10.310.48.39.7

6Pakistan50.950.953.3Pakistan1010.76.99.2

6Palau57.457.759.6Palau8.211.47.79.1

6Panama63.964.166.2Panama8.910.88.59.4

6Papua New Guinea49.649.851.9Papua New Guinea8.510.578.7

6Paraguay58.458.761.9Paraguay10.312.99.110.8

6Peru57.157.461Peru8.911.57.99.4

6Philippines55.255.559.3Philippines7.713.189.6

6Qatar61.261.265.2Qatar11.111.58.210.3

6Republic of Korea67.267.467.8Republic of Korea7.36.76.97.0

6Rwanda34.133.838.3Rwanda6.57.35.66.5

6Saint Kitts and Nevis60.760.861.5Saint Kitts and Nevis8.410.28.79.1

6Saint Lucia60.460.662.7Saint Lucia8.510.78.69.3

6Saint Vincent and the Grenadines59.859.861Saint Vincent and the Grenadines810.37.98.7

6Samoa57.857.759.7Samoa8.5117.69.0

6San Marino72.172.273.4San Marino6.57.26.36.7

6Sao Tome and Principe51.251.454.4Sao Tome and Principe1014.87.510.8

6Saudi Arabia59.86061.4Saudi Arabia9.710.98.69.7

6Senegal45.345.448Senegal8.811.37.39.1

6Seychelles5959.161.2Seychelles9.511.39.610.1

6Sierra Leone25.826.528.6Sierra Leone7.38.65.17.0

6Solomon Islands54.654.856.2Solomon Islands8.6128.39.6

6Somalia35.13536.8Somalia8.38.56.97.9

6Sri Lanka58.358.961.6Sri Lanka911.589.5

6Sudan45.945.548.5Sudan9.811.27.89.6

6Suriname57.257.558.8Suriname8.5107.68.7

6Swaziland35.433.934.2Swaziland66.43.75.4

6Syrian Arab Republic5959.261.7Syrian Arab Republic9.710.78.59.6

6Timor-Leste49.8Timor-Leste6.96.9

6Togo42.842.744.6Togo7.99.76.58.0

6Tonga5958.861.8Tonga8.1118.29.1

6Trinidad and Tobago60.460.462Trinidad and Tobago8.28.47.38.0

6Tuvalu53.953.953Tuvalu7.29.978.0

6Uganda37.53842.7Uganda7.296.27.5

6United Arab Emirates62.462.563.9United Arab Emirates1097.88.9

6United Republic of Tanzania37.837.840.4United Republic of Tanzania7.29.55.57.4

6Uruguay64.764.766.2Uruguay8.49.788.7

6Vanuatu54.654.958.9Vanuatu8.21189.1

6Venezuela60.961.164.2Venezuela10.113.79.311.0

6Viet Nam58.558.661.3Viet Nam8.5117.49.0

6Yemen47.948.449.3Yemen10.412.910.811.4

6Zambia31.130.934.9Zambia5.56.24.35.3

6Zimbabwe3231.333.6Zimbabwe5.85.63.95.1



Chart1

9.8333333333

8.7

8.8333333333

6.6

7.3666666667

10.4333333333

8.4

5.7

9.8333333333

9.4333333333

10.4333333333

8.7333333333

8.0333333333

7.6666666667

8.4333333333

8.4333333333

9.0666666667

7.7666666667

6.8333333333

7.7333333333

6.3

6.8333333333

6.4666666667

7.0666666667

6.4666666667

6.6333333333

7.7333333333

6.5333333333

6.7666666667

6.9666666667

6.8333333333

6.9

6.6

6.8666666667

6.3

6.2333333333

5.7

7.8666666667

6.3333333333

6.5333333333

6.3666666667

Lithuania

Brazil

Algeria

Latvia

Slovakia

Estonia

Poland

Hungary

Czech Republic

Slovenia

Luxembourg

Botswana

Denmark

USA

Expectation of lost healthy years at birth males

GDP per capita

Expected average years in poor health for males at birth

Chart

Average 2000 to 2002

Country2002 GDP per capita in US$Expectation of lost healthy years at birth males

31Algeria1,7849.8

39Thailand1,9968.7

40Tunisia2,1498.8

38South Africa2,3456.6

37Russian Federation2,3957.4

33Brazil2,63810.4d

41Turkey2,7998.4

32Botswana3,3395.7

4Latvia3,5819.8d

35Malaysia3,8709.4

5Lithuania4,09010.4D

34Chile4,3168.7

7Slovakia4,4828.0d

2Estonia4,5847.7d

6Poland4,9338.4d

36Mexico6,3148.4

3Hungary6,5529.1d

1Czech Republic6,8117.8d

8Slovenia11,0136.8

20Portugal11,9647.7

15Greece12,1656.3

27New Zealand14,9226.8

21Spain16,3076.5

24Australia20,2827.1

17Italy20,7016.5

13France23,4916.6

25Canada23,5057.7

14Germany24,1556.5

10Belgium24,3156.8

9Austria25,3057.0

12Finland25,3666.8

19Netherlands26,0646.9

23United Kingdom26,3826.6

22Sweden26,9646.9

26Japan31,1986.3

16Ireland31,3346.2

11Denmark32,1085.7

30United States of America36,3777.9

29Switzerland36,6026.3

28Norway41,9706.5

18Luxembourg47,3846.4

&L&Z&F

Sheet4

Sheet5

Sheet6

but a comparison of death rates from main causes shows that perhaps there is scope for reducing mortality

Chart4

899.6461.88132.37

1090.58560.35154.06

1047.97508.3134.59

1113.62593.02206.23

1008.26519.78117.37

891.55413.8998.57

971.49527.7188.18

795.49295.2978.76

639.88236.3259.05

All Causes

Circulatory System

Cerebro-vascular

SDR per 100,000

Sheet1

2003200420032004

Czech Republic-11.7-338.337.4

Estonia3.11.85.34.9

Hungary-5.5-4.556.957.6

Latvia-1.5-0.814.414.4

Lithuania-1.9-2.521.419.7

Poland-3.9-4.845.443.6

Slovakia-3.7-3.342.643.6

Slovenia-2-1.929.429.4

Sheet1

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

2003

2004

percent of GDP

Sheet2

Life ExpectancyDisability-adjusted life expectancyInfant deaths per 1000 live birthsTB Incidence per 100,000Clinically diagnosed AIDS per 100,000

Czech Republic75.468.43.910.790.0784

Estonia71.2464.15.69 a41.150.7388

Hungary72.5964.97.2924.310.2567

Latvia70.4662.89.4472.512.49

Lithuania71.9663.36.7374.260.2606

Poland74.6565.87.52 a25.050.4328

Slovakia73.9166.27.63 a16.570.037

Slovenia76.5269.54.0413.770.3005

EU-15 average79.0671.694.61 a8.651.61

Sheet2

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Life Expectancy

Disability-adjusted life expectancy

years

Sheet3

All CausesCirculatory SystemCerebro-vascularIschemic heart diseasesTBAlcohol Related CausesSmoking Related Causes

Czech Republic899.6461.88132.37176.090.6889.74380.91

Estonia1090.58560.35154.063236.1174.29541.74

Hungary1047.97508.3134.59232.662.41149.55491.02

Latvia1113.62593.02206.23291.588.7160.22566.77

Lithuania1008.26519.78117.37327.759.45176.98518.51

Poland891.55413.8998.57125.782.3388.95306.79

Slovakia971.49527.7188.18283.481.1992.8443.02

Slovenia795.49295.2978.7694.371.05111.42251.08

EU-15 average639.88236.3259.0592.898.6561.28220.78

Sheet3

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

All Causes

Circulatory System

Cerebro-vascular

SDR per 100,000

Sheet4

Sheet5

Sheet6

Health Expenditures

Health care spending in the new member states varies from 8.1% of GDP in Slovenia to 5.4% of GDP in Estonia

Chart2

6.81.3

70.5

4.82.2

60.9

4.31.85

3.22.9

4.31.3

4.11.3

62.4

6.31.8

51.5

Public expenditures

Private expenditures

percent of GDP

Health ExpendituresPercent of GDP, 2003

Sheet1

PL millin PLNSlovakia billion SKK

Health Care Expenditure (current prices)199920002001200220032004199819992000200120022003

Health Insurance22,651.0023,722.2027,511.7029,909.7029,833.3031,176.56Total health expenditure51.554.156.761.968.572.9

State Budget2,399.002,228.402,356.802,551.702,432.602,931.20Public47.448.750.855.661.763.4

Local Governments838.6998.71,058.40756.9760.7917Individual contributions28.629.331.734.637.241.8

Other Public1,134.501,294.601,525.801,412.701,166.00Taxes18.819.419.12124.521.6

Total Public Health Care Expenditure27,023.1028,243.9032,452.7034,631.0034,192.6035,024.76Private4.15.45.96.36.89.5

Out-of-Pocket11,025.5612,202.1212,700.7913,034.1613,910.6814,462.80Out-of-pocket4.15.45.96.36.89.5

Total Health Care Expenditure38,048.6640,446.0245,153.4947,665.1648,103.2849,487.56Private insurance000000

Public: Private Ratio71:29:0070:30:0072:28:0073:27:0071:29:0071:29:00A s percent of total health expenditure

Debts2,744.405011,484.30979Public929089.689.890.187

Total Health Care Expenditure including debts38,048.6640,446.0247,897.8948,166.1649,587.5850,466.56Individual contributions55.554.255.955.954.357.3

Taxes36.535.933.733.935.829.6

Private81010.410.29.913

Out-of-pocket81010.410.29.913

Private insurance000000

Sheet2

CountryGDP per capita in PPS (Purchasing Power Standard)Total expenditures on health care as % of GDP (2003)Funding mix

199520002005Public expenditures as % of GDPPrivate expenditures as % of GDPRatio of public to private expenditures

(e)(f)

Czech Republic69,664,672,37.570.53.88

Slovakia44,347,755,46.960.93.63

Hungary49,253,061,974.82.22.904.83

Poland40,546,148,464.31.720.713.98

Slovenia68,073,079,68.16.81.33.148.0952380952

Lithuania33,938,450,15.64.31.33.22

Latvia29,735,345,96.13.22.92.573.26.0952380952

Estonia35,343,352,45.44.11.33.184.05

EU 846,350,258,36.551.53.22

EU 15110,8109,9108,78.16.31.83.10

OECD 308.462.43.02

1.05206153854.19772553855.91228949081.7145639523

Public expendituresPrivate expenditures

Slovenia6.81.38.1


Hungary4.82.27

Slovakia60.96.9

Poland4.31.856.15

Latvia3.22.96.16.1428571429

Lithuania4.31.35.6

Estonia4.11.35.4

OECD 3062.48.4

EU 156.31.88.1

NMS51.56.5

Sheet2

SloveniaSlovenia

Czech RepublicCzech Republic

HungaryHungary

SlovakiaSlovakia

PolandPoland

LatviaLatvia

LithuaniaLithuania

EstoniaEstonia

OECD 30OECD 30

EU 15EU 15

EU 8EU 8

Public expenditures

Private expenditures

percent of GDP

Figure XXX: Health ExpendituresPercent of GDP, 2003

Sheet3

Health Care Expenditure (current prices)199920002001200220032004

Health Insurance22,651.0023,722.2027,511.7029,909.7029,833.3031,176.56

State Budget2,399.002,228.402,356.802,551.702,432.602,931.20

Local Governments838.6998.71,058.40756.9760.7917

Other Public1,134.501,294.601,525.801,412.701,166.00

Total Public Health Care Expenditure27,023.1028,243.9032,452.7034,631.0034,192.6035,024.76

Out-of-Pocket11,037.6012,104.5314,580.2015,558.8616,090.6416,482.24

Total Health Care Expenditure38,060.7040,348.4347,032.9050,189.8650,283.2451,507.00

Public: Private Ratio0.710.700.690.690.680.68

Debts2,744.405011,484.30979

Total Health Care Expenditure including debts38,048.6640,446.0247,897.8948,166.1649,587.5850,466.56

Sheet4

Sheet5

Sheet6

Health spending is comparable to other European countries, and may even be on the low side in some new member states

Chart1

-5.0657.6

-5.6553.8

-3.6843.6

-6.243.6

0.5238.8

-6.2237.4

-2.5229.4

-2.0819.7

-1.9814.4

1.24.9

-1.94-18.5

-7.284.8

-2.560

-2.855.3

-2.3250.5

-0.5634.5

1.8410.8

0.93.2

-0.4460.2777777778

-4.655.1

-3.9254.5

-5.3249.6

-3.345.9

High-income countries average

Middle-income countries average

Annual public deficit (average 00-04)

Accumulated public debt (average 00-04)

Public Deficits and Public Debt in the Accession Countries ( in percent of GDP)

Table 1

Table 1. Public Deficits and Public Debt in the Accession Countries ( In percent of GDP)

Annual public deficitAccumulated public debt

200020012002200320042000-200420002001200220032004Public Deficits and Public Debt in the Accession Countries ( in percent of GDP)

Annual public deficit (average 00-04)Accumulated public debt (average 00-04)

Bulgaria-0.51.2-0.10.61.40.573.666.25446.338.8Hungary-5.0657.6

Croatia.........-6.3-5-5.7.........51.653.8Croatia-5.6553.8

Czech Republic-3.7-5.9-6.8-11.7-3-6.218.227.230.738.337.4Poland-3.6843.6

Estonia-0.60.31.43.11.81.24.74.45.35.34.9Slovak Republic-6.243.6

Hungary-2.4-3.7-8.5-6.2-4.5-5.155.452.255.556.957.6Bulgaria0.5238.8

Latvia-2.8-2.1-2.7-1.5-0.8-2.012.914.914.114.414.4Czech Republic-6.2237.4

Lithuania-2.5-2-1.5-1.9-2.5-2.123.822.922.421.419.7Slovenia-2.5229.4

Poland-1.6-3.9-3.6-4.5-4.8-3.736.836.741.245.443.6Lithuania-2.0819.7

Romania-3.6-3.5-2-21.4-1.923.923.223.321.3-18.5Latvia-1.9814.4

Slovak Republic-12.3-6-5.7-3.7-3.3-6.249.948.743.342.643.6Estonia1.24.9

Slovenia-3.5-2.8-2.4-2-1.9-2.527.428.129.529.429.4Romania-1.94-18.5

Sources: Eurostat EURO-Indicators, news release 39/2004, 03/18/05, European Commission Statistical Annex, Spring 2005.Japan-7.284.8

Germany-2.560

US1.6-0.2-3.3-4.9-4.8-2.348.947.148.249.750.5France-2.855.342.7

Japan-6.6-6.7-8.1-7.9-6.7-7.259.165.171.479.684.8US-2.3250.5

Australia2.10.9-0.110.60.98.66.45.33.93.2UK-0.5634.5

New Zealand0.71.31.52.43.31.819.51714.213.710.8New Zealand1.8410.8

UK3.90.8-1.5-3-3-0.634.4333333.534.5Australia0.93.2

Germany1.3-2.8-3.5-4-3.5-2.552.853.555.458.760Chile-0.4460.3

France-1.4-1.4-3.2-4.1-3.9-2.847.548.249.153.555.3Thailand-4.655.1

ItalyBrazil-3.9254.553.1

Malaysia-5.3249.6

Belize-9.7-9.8-9.6-8.1-2.7-8.071.683.48892.2Mexico-3.345.9

Chile-0.9-0.9-1.4-0.51.5-0.448.958.361.260.3

Thailand-3.2-2.8-7.8-4.657.357.955.1

Malaysia-5.7-5.5-5.6-5.3-4.5-5.336.643.645.647.949.6

Brazil-3.6-3.6-4.6-5.1-2.7-3.951.155.165.558.754.5

Botswana9.3-3.1-4.1-0.7-1.10.1

Trinidad and Tobago1.11.8-0.62-0.90.740.237.437.23328

Tunisia-3.9-3.8-3.5-3.5-2.8-3.560.862.861.660.959.2

Mauritius-3.8-5.7-5.9-5.9-5.34947.854.857.7Belize-7.9892.22003

Algeria3.40.25.15.33.556.754.544.837.5Tunisia-3.559.22002

TurkeyMauritius-5.357.7

RussiaAlgeria3.537.5

Mexico-3.7-3.3-3.1-3.1-3.341.543.845.545.9Trinidad and Tobago0.6828

South Africa

CountrySubject DescriptionUnitsScale200020012002200320042005

FranceGeneral government balance in percent of GDPRatio-1.4-1.4-3.2-4.1-3.9-3.2

FranceGeneral government gross debt in percent of GDPRatio57.156.858.763.264.965.6

FranceGeneral government net debt in percent of GDPRatio47.548.249.153.555.355.9

GermanyGeneral government balance in percent of GDPRatio1.3-2.8-3.5-4-3.5-3.1

GermanyGeneral government gross debt in percent of GDPRatio60.259.560.864.165.466.6

GermanyGeneral government net debt in percent of GDPRatio52.853.555.458.76061.2

New ZealandGeneral government balance in percent of GDPRatio0.71.31.52.43.33

United KingdomGeneral government balance in percent of GDPRatio3.90.8-1.5-3-3-3

United KingdomGeneral government gross debt in percent of GDPRatio41.838.638.238.839.841.1

United KingdomGeneral government net debt in percent of GDPRatio34.4333333.534.535.8

United StatesGeneral government balance in percent of GDPRatio1.6-0.2-3.3-4.9-4.8-3.5

United StatesGeneral government gross debt in percent of GDPRatio57.755.856.858.559.661.3

United StatesGeneral government net debt in percent of GDPRatio48.947.148.249.750.551.6

Government net debt

GDP (current US$) (bill)20002001200220032004

Chile76666772..

SIMA

Total outstanding debt (in billions of US, end of period)37.238.54143.444.6

48.958.361.260.3

Chart3

26.9333333333

24.875

24.9

31.4

34.95

26.8333333333

31.425

37.15

40

41.625

37.9

35.525

36.2333333333

42.4666666667

33.5666666667

35.975

38.375

35.5666666667

37.6333333333

28.8666666667

33.9666666667

28.4

26

30.4

23.72

18.3333333333

17.55

37.65

17.35

25.8

9.7

27.6

15.05

20.4666666667

Latvia

Poland

Lithuania

Slovak Rep.

Czech Rep.

Hungary

Slovenia

Estonia

Tax Revenue of the Consolidated Central Government Including Social Security (percent of GDP) average 00-03

Table 5

Table 5. Tax Revenue of the Consolidated Central Government Including Social Security, 19952003

199519961997199819992000200120022003average 00-03Tax Revenue of the Consolidated Central Government Including Social Security, average 00-03Gross domestic product per capita, current prices (usd)Gross domestic product per capita, current prices (usd)

New member countriesBalticsGross domestic product per capita, current prices (usd)

Estonia31.429.730.629.828.227.327.226.3...26.9Estonia26.95985.5CountryScale20002001200220032004

Latvia24.725.128.729.425.225.22425.424.924.9Latvia24.94031.3LuxembourgUnits44781.60644605.65447383.78557370.58564327.673

Lithuania21.221.224.824.623.42423.426.126.124.9Lithuania24.95265.6NorwayUnits37164.05237616.09941970.16348400.57551918.115

average25.825.32827.925.625.524.925.925.525.5CEESwitzerlandUnits33328.67633773.61236601.96242003.06644903.456

Central and Eastern European countriesCzech Republic31.48367.2United StatesUnits34774.77835411.86836376.51237756.10739921.873

Czech Republic32.332.132.131.231.930.230.931.233.331.4Hungary35.08400.4DenmarkUnits29646.81729738.65932108.25239179.44245059.972

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