Major findings from the 2013 World Drug Report

Drug use

• Overall drug use, including problem drug use, has remained largely stable over the past 5 years

• Since 2009, prevalence of opioids, opiates and cannabis has increased – mainly in Asia and Africa

• Cocaine, ATS, incl. Ecstasy use show declining or stabilizing trends; cocaine declined strongly in North America since 2006 (annual prevalence in USA: -40% over 2006-2011 period)

2

172155 149 153

167

250 250272

300315

38 39 39 39

208 211 203 210226

240

18 16 15 16 16

38

4.0%3.5% 3.4% 3.4% 3.6%

5.8% 5.7%6.2%

6.7% 6.9%

4.9% 4.9%4.6%

4.8%5.0% 5.2%

0.3%0.3%0.3%0.4%0.4%

0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9%

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Num

ber

of dru

g u

sers

(mill

ions)

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

Pre

vale

nce

in %

of pop. a

ge

15-6

4

No. of illicit drug users No of problem drug users

Prevalence of illicit drug use in % Prevalence of problem drug use in %

90

95

100

105

110

2009 2010 2011

Cannabis CocaineAmphetamines Ecstasy- groupOpiates Opioids

Trends in drug use 2006 - 2011

Trends in prevalence of different drugs 2009 - 2011

Overview of drug supply trends

- 3 -

• ATS seizures show the most notable increase

• Coca bush cultivation and cocaine seizures suggest that global cocaine market has been contained.

• Across regions, Oceania stands out with consistently increasing trends in drug seizures

* Due to lack of available data, the subregion of Southern Africa is excluded from the computation of the trend for Africa.

10%

100%

1000%

Afr

ica*

Am

eric

as

Asi

a

Eur

ope

Oce

ania

Per

centa

ge

( s

cale

)

ATS (excluding prescription and other stimulants)Cannabis (herb and resin)Heroin and morphineCocaine (salts, base, paste and crack)

Main trend indicators of drug supply, 2003-2011

Recent trends in drug seizures by and region

(2010-2011 totals as a percentage of 2008-2009 total)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Index

(bas

elin

e 20

03)

Cultivation of coca bush

Cultivation of opium poppy

Seizures of amphetamine-type stimulants(two-year moving average)Seizures of cannabis (herb and resin, two-year moving average)Seizures of cocaine (base, paste, salts andcrack, two-year moving average)Seizures of heroin and morphine (two-year moving average)

Global opium cultivation and production

4

• Illicit cultivation of opium poppy increased in 2012 by 14%, reaching over 236,000 hectares (similar levels as in 2007) mainly due to increases in Afghanistan and Myanmar.

• In 2012 global illicit opium production was comparatively low (- 30% on a year earlier and almost 40% less than in 2007) due to low opium yields in Afghanistan which maintains its position as the world’s largest illicit opium producer (75% of total).

• Preliminary information from Afghanistan points to a further expansion of illicit opium cultivation in 2013 and higher opium production.

Global illicit cultivation of opium poppy (hectares) Global illicit opium production (tons)

Seizures* of heroin and morphine, 2011 (tons)

5

* Seizures of more than 10 kg

Coca cultivation and cocaine production

64,000

163,300

40,100

99,000

121,300

43,400 64,400

27,200

14,600

50,300

31,000

155,600

211,700221,300

181,600

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

hectares

Colombia Peru Bolivia Global

774

833866

769

891

930950

875

825

925

879

827800

859

1,0481,020 1,034 1,024

865842

788 776

1,2641,232

1,2011,122

1,0601,111

1,051

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Met

ric

tons

Total Total (based on preliminary new conversion factors)

Area under coca cultivation, 1990-2011

Global cocaine production, 1990-2011

• Global area under coca cultivation fell by 15% over 2007-2011 period or by 32% between 2000 and 2011, reflecting a decline of 62% in Colombia and increases of 44% in Peru and 86% in Bolivia over 2000-2011 period.

• Global cocaine production estimates range from 776 to 1052 tons in 2011, down by between 17% and 24% over that period.

Seizures* of cocaine, 2011 (tons)

7

* Seizures of more than 10 kg

Seizures* of cannabis herb, 2011 (tons)

8

* Seizures of more than 100 kg

Seizures* of cannabis resin, 2011 (tons)

9

* Seizures of more than 10 kg

Seizures* of amphetamines (ATS excl. ecstasy), 2011 (tons)

10

* Seizures of more than 10 kg

Seizures* of ecstasy, 2011 (tons)

11

* Seizures of more than 1 kg

Global emergence of new psychoactive substances up to July 2012

Source: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, The Challenge of New Psychoactive Substances (Vienna, March 2013).

Global emergence of new psychoactive substances up to mid 2012Number of countries reporting the emergence of NPS on their markets

44 44

4140

37 37

32

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Keta

min

e

Pla

nt-base

dS

ubst

ance

s

Pip

era

zines

Syn

thetic

cannabin

oid

s

Syn

thetic

cath

inones

Mis

cella

neous

Pheneth

ylam

ines

Num

ber of countr

ies

5

10

23

19

27

35

24

35

27

21

14

9 8

18

0

10

20

30

40

Syn

thet

icca

nna

binoi

ds

Syn

thet

icca

thin

ones

Pla

nt-b

ase

dsu

bst

ance

s

Mis

cella

nou

s

Pip

eraz

ines

Ket

amin

e

Phe

nety

lam

ines

Num

ber of

coun

trie

s

prior to 2008 2008-2012

Source: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, The Challenge of New Psychoactive Substances (Vienna, March 2013).

Experience with ‘legal substances that imitate the effects of illicit drugs’ in the EU among persons aged 15-24, 2011

Source: Gallup Organization, Youth Attitudes on Drugs: Analytical Report, Flash Eurobarometer series No. 330 (European Commission, July 2011).

EU average: 4.8%