Main finding from ILRI activities

Clarisse UMUTONIPhD Student

ILRI

Africa RISING annual workshop

Plan Introduction - Context

Main finding:

-Availability of NRs

-Local conventions

-Conflicts management over natural

resources uses

1. Introduction -Context

Projet Africa RISING in Mali

Improve food security

Integrated Systems Improvement

Managing natural resources to increase productivity in southern Mali

1. Introduction -Context

Utilization of natural resources naturelles

Agriculture Livestock

In West Africa, as in most sub-Saharan African countries,

natural resources form the basis for livelihoods of rural poor

Natural resource

degradation (quality

and quantity rapidly

decreasing)

Inadequate

management

Climate changeIncrease in

livestock population

Rapid increase in

human population

1. Introduction-Context

• Natural resource degradation

Reduction of feed resources for

animal

• Low animal productivity • Food

insecurity

1. Introduction – Context

ILRI

What to do to enhance and conserve NR

base ????

Empowering local institutions to

sustainably manage natural

resources

1. Introduction – Context

Better management of natural resources

Local institutions governing NRM include local

conventions.

“Local conventions” specifically refers to an

agreement, written or verbal, entered into by

stakeholders in order to regulate the

management of natural resources they use and

for which they are responsible.

1. Introduction – Context

2. Natural resources and local conventions

To document and analyze existing local

conventions governing the management of natural

resources in the mixed crop-livestock systems of

southern Mali.

What is the objective of study on local conventions?

To address the objective of this study on local

conventions, we looked at a number of research

questions: What is the status of NR in the study areas? Are there local conventions governing management

of natural resources in the study sites?

Questions addressed?

What are the elaboration and implementation

processes involved in the development of these

conventions and who are the key actors and

institutions involved?

Are these conventions implemented and what are

the challenges to their implementation? What are

their strengths and weaknesses?

Questions addressed?

Sites Koutiala : Namposséla, Sirakelé and Zanzoni Bougouni: Diéba, Sibilira and Yorobougoula Methodology : Survey Surveys included participatory diagnosis of the existing local conventions using : Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) : 80 farmers

involving 27 respondents from the administrative and technical services, and 53 from community and traditional authorities.

Methodology

Methodology : Survey

Individual interviews using a semi-structured

questionnaire. 165 farmers were interviewed in the

two districts comprising of 76 (52 men and 24

women) and 89 (59 men and 30 women) farmers in

Bougouni and Koutiala, respectively.

Methodology

Land availability and quality

Features of natural vegetation

Water availability, quality and accessibility for

human and animal consumption

Main results on availability of NR

Land availability and quality

Main results on availability of NR

0

1

2

3

4

5Bougouni Koutiala

Fig.1. Land Availability

Scor

e

0

1

2

3

4

5 Bougouni Koutiala

Fig.2. Land quality

Scor

e

On a scale of 0 to 5 (0= don’t know; 1 = not available; 2 = rarely available, 3 = moderately available; 4 = abundant; 5 = very abundant).

On a scale of 0 to 5 (0 = don’t know; 1 = very low, 2 = low, 3 = moderate, 4 = good, 5 = very good)

Features of natural vegetationTable 1. Features of natural vegetation in the study sites according to the respondents

Main results on availability of NR

Variable of natural resources Bougouni KoutialaAnnual/seasonal production 3.13±0.07a 2.91±0.10 a

Quality / palatability 3.14±0.09 a 3.08±0.12 a

Presence of invasive weeds 3.40±0.07 a 2.85±0.08b

Dominance of annual grasses 3.21±0.09 a 1.97±0.10 b

Dominance of perennial grasses 0.96±0.15 a 1.83±0.13 b

Dominance of annual legumes 3.14±0.07 a 2.43±0.11 b

Dominance of perennial legumes 2.54±0.13 a 2.26±0.14 a

Shrubs population 3.96±0.07 a 2.61±0.13 b

Incidence of controlled bushfires 1.50±0.14 a 0.87±0.09 b

Incidence of uncontrolled bushfires 3.58±0.14 a 0.75±0.06 b

a, b Means on the same row with different superscript letters are statistically different, P <0,05. Score: 0 = don’t know; 1 = very low; 2 = low; 3 = average; 4 = good; 5 = very good.

Water availability, quality and accessibility for human and animal consumption

Table2. Water availability, quality and accessibility for human and animal consumption

Main results on availability of NR

  Availability Quality Accessibility

Source Bougouni Koutiala Bougouni Koutiala Bougouni Koutiala

Rainwater 2.37±0.10 a 2.04±0.07 b 2.87±0.13 a 2.80±0.18a 3.08 2.43

Standing pool 1.95±0.11 a 1.80±0.10 a 1.54±0.15 a 0.78±0.11 b 2.32 1.51

Well water 3.45±0.15 a 3.28±0.12 a 3.87±0.08 a 3.15±0.10 b 3.57 3.2

Pump water 2.64±0.24 a 3.98±0.17 b 2.12±0.28 a 3.76±0.19 b 1.13 2.27

Tap water 0.99±0.01 a 2.28±0.20 b - 4.25±0.26 0 3

For availability (0 = don’t know; 1 = non - available; 2 = seasonal and insufficient quantity, 3 = seasonal and sufficient quantity; 4 = available all year long, but insufficient quantity; 5 = available all year long and sufficient). For accessibility (0 = don’t know 1 = very difficult access, 2 = difficult access; 3 = fair access, 4 = easy access; 5 = very easy access). For quality (0 = don’t know 1 = very low, 2 = low, 3 = average, 4 = good, 5 = very good).

Existing local conventions on natural resources management in the study sites

Local conventions existed in all communities

studied.

Most of these local conventions existed in an

informal or oral form. Table 3.

Summary of the different types of existing local conventions on natural resources management in the study sites

Main results on local conventions

The level of knoweldge of local conventions

The level of knowledge of community members

differed from one individual to another; and from

one community to another depending on sex, age

and ethnic group.

The level of knowledge of local conventions was

higher in Bougouni (good) than in Koutiala

(average).

Main results on local conventions

The level of knoweldge of local conventions

Main results on local conventions

District Average Male Female

Bougouni 3.16±1.21 3.47±0.96 2.50±1.44

Koutiala 1.70±1.44 1.81±1.46 1.57±1.38

Table 4. Level of knowledge of local conventions by the respondents in Bougouni and Koutiala

Rating (0 = none, 1 = low, 2 = average, 3 = good, 4 = very good)

Level of participation in the elaboration and implementation processes of existing local conventions Low level of participation; More people were involved in the early

development process of local conventions Women’s participation in the elaboration and

implementation processes of existing local

conventions was generally low despite the fact that

women are major users of NR in the communities.

Main results on local conventions

Level of participation in the elaboration and Implementation processes of existing local conventions

Main results on local conventions

020406080

100None Low Average High Very high

Perc

enta

ge o

f nu

mbe

r in

ter-

view

ed

Fig.3.Level of participation of the respondents in the elaboration processes of the existing local conventions in Bougouni district

Level of participation in the elaboration and Implementation processes of existing local conventions

Main results on local conventions

020406080

100None Low Average High Very high

Perc

enta

ge o

f nu

mbe

r in

ter-

view

ed

Fig.4. Level of participation of the respondents in the elaboration processes of existing local conventions in Koutiala district

Level of participation in the elaboration and Implementation processes of existing local conventions

Main results on local conventions

Mobilization/Dissemination Enforcement of LC Monitoring and Evaluation Resource mobilization0

102030405060708090

100 None Low Average High Very high

Perc

enta

ge o

f the

tota

l re

spon

dent

s

Fig. 5. Level of participation by the community members in the implementation processes of local conventions in Bougouni

Level of participation in the elaboration and Implementation processes of existing local conventions

Main results on local conventions

Mobilization/Dissemina-tion

Enforcement of LC Monitoring and Evaluation Resource mobilization0

102030405060708090

100

Perc

enta

ge o

f the

tota

l re-

spon

dent

s

Fig.6. Level of participation by the community members in the implementation processes of local conventions in Koutiala

Level of participation in the elaboration processes of existing local conventions

The level of participation of women was significantly

lower than participation by men which suggest the

domination of the processes by men The results of regression analysis showed the level

of participation in elaboration and implementation

processes of local conventions is influenced by age,

year of residence in the community and gender.

Main results on local conventions

Main benefit of local conventions as reported by farmers

Better management of natural resources (NR) Reduction in conflict over NR Opportunities for generation of revenues Empowering local population to manage and

decide on the use of their NR Bring together the local population (Foster unit).

Main results on local conventions

Conflict over natural resource use is common in Sudano-Sahelian zone and could be attributed to many factors.

Conflict is best managed at the local level but this depends on the leadership skills and capacity of the local institutions

Training workshop

To build the capacity of local institutions in conflict management over natural resources

Conflict management over NR

Training workshop

The training addressed methods/tools for

participatory conflict analysis, conflict timeline,

mapping conflict over natural resource use, social

relations and communication, and 4Rs analysis

(Right, Responsibility, Response, and

Relationship) of conflict management

Conflict management over NR

Training workshop

The workshop lasted for 2 days in each district Animated by a national consultant familiar with

rural reality

Workshop training on conflict management over NR

Outcome of the training workshop

Capacity of local actors on appropriate methodology on NRM developed

Participants able to make a participatory conflict analysis

Capacity of key actors on preventive measure and conflict management developed

community key actors in Africa RISING intervention communities are now able to better manage conflict over NR.

Conflict management over NR

Thank You!

Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the next Generation

africa-rising.net