Macromolecules

Macromolecules

Large molecules (macromolecules) found in all living things:

1) Carbohydrates 2) Lipids 3) Proteins4) Nucleic Acids

Macromolecules

• Macromolecules are made up of small molecules called monomers. – Monomers are individual subunits or parts.

(Think of them as legos, each individual lego is a monomer)

– Polymers are made of many monomers. (A whole bunch of individual legos put together make up something much bigger)

Macromolecules

Four main types of macromolecules are found in living things.

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

Macromolecules

The 3 Asian Brothers:

• CHO (Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)– Carbohydrates Sugars & Starches– Lipids Fats & Oils

• CHON (Carbon, hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen)– A Chain of Amino Acids make up a protein

• CHONP (Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus)– Nucleic Acids include DNA and RNA

Macromolecules

Macromolecule #1: Carbohydrates

1. Carbohydrates provide QUICK energy– Glucose (aka sugar) is the monomer (lego) of

carbohydrates.

Macromolecules

• Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells.

• Some carbohydrates provide structure to the cell while other carbs store energy.

Polymer (starch)

Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that stores energy in PLANTS.

Polymer (cellulose)Cellulose is a polymer of glucose monomers that provides a rigid structure to the cell walls in PLANT CELLS.

monomer

Glycogen is a polymer of glucose monomers that stores energy in ANIMALS.

Macromolecules

Carbohydrates Sugars!

• Monosaccharide means 1 sugar• Disaccharide means 2 sugars• Polysaccharide means many sugars

Hydroxyl group

Macromolecules

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

Macromolecules

Macromolecule #2:

2. Lipids store LONG TERM energy– They don’t dissolve in water (immiscible) – Examples of lipid: oils, fats, steroids such as cholesterol– Monomer: Glycerol and each Fatty Acid

Triglyceride= 3 fatty acid chains + glycerol (monomer of lipid)

Macromolecules

Four main types of macromolecules are found in living things.

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

Macromolecules

Macromolecule #3:

3. Proteins provide structure (skin, nails, hair, etc) and function (enzymes)– Proteins are made up of monomers (legos) called

amino acids.– Chain of amino acids for one protein

Macromolecules

There are 20 different Amino Acids (monomers) and they link together to produce a protein (macromolecule).

Chain of Amino Acids Chain of Amino acids

must be folded properly in order to function.

Macromolecules

Four main types of macromolecules are found in living things.

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

Macromolecules

Macromolecule #4:

4. Nucleic Acids carry genetic information– Examples of nucleic acid: DNA, RNA

Macromolecules

– Nucleotides are made of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

A phosphate group nitrogen-containing molecule,called a base

deoxyribose (sugar)

• Nucleic acids are polymers of monomers called nucleotides.

Macromolecules

Double stranded DNA stores genetic information.

• Nucleic acids are polymers made up of monomers called nucleotides.

Single stranded RNA is read and translated into proteins.

DNA

RNA

Transcribed into

Macromolecules

Complete the following chart for macromolecules on Page 28:

Polymer (macromolecule)

Monomer Structure (picture) of the

monomer1. Carbohydrate

2. Lipid

3. Protein

4. Nucleic Acid

Macromolecules

Write Around

Macromolecules

Instructions

• You will be assigned into groups of 3 • Each group will be given poster paper with a

given macromolecule.

• You will be working with your classmates to draw pictures and words that describe your macromolecule. (20 minutes)

Macromolecules

Instructions• After your time is up, your group will rotate around the

room and look at other groups’ posters. (5 minutes each poster)

• You will be able to add things onto other groups’ posters

• After the rotation is complete, we will have the groups present.

• RULES:– You must work together in your groups.– You will not rotate until your teacher gives you the signal

to do so– Be respectful of other groups’ posters.