Macromolecules ( Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids )

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Transcript of Macromolecules ( Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids )

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  • Macromolecules ( Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids )
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  • Bell work This should be completed silently: Write down 5 things you ate in the last 24 hours. If you dont remember or didnt eat, write down 5 things you would typically eat in a 24 time period. Classify them as a sugar, protein, or fat
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  • Diet analysis Fruit vegetables Grains Protein Dairy- (Lipids Sugars)
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  • Lab- Testing for Macromolecules Lab Safety Goggles must worn Clean up of your area Glassware, well dishes, trash and countertop Follow along as I demo lab set up on the board.
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  • Frayer Model note taking Definition/Functions Monomer and Polymer Examples Pictures
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  • Carbohydrates Definition: molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they include sugars and starches.
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  • Carbohydrates Monomer: each subunit in the complete molecule ( Monosaccharide ) Polymer: large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many monomers bonded together ( Polysaccharide )
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  • Carbohydrates Function: Broken down to provide a source of usable chemical energy for cells: Starch: made and stored by plants Glycogen: made and stored by animals
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  • Carbohydrates Function: Major part of plant cell structure: Cellulose: makes up the cell wall that is the tough outer covering of plant cells
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  • Carbohydrates Structure ( glucose ):
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  • Carbohydrates Structure ( Sucrose ):
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  • Carbohydrates Structure ( Starch ):
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  • Carbohydrates Structure ( Glycogen ):
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  • Carbohydrates Structure ( Cellulose ):
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  • Carbohydrates Examples?
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  • Think-Pair-Share Why are carbohydrates important to your diet? Think- Silently, write your answer in your notes Pair- When I tell you to discuss your answer with your shoulder partner Share- When I ask raise your hand to share with the class
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  • Lipids Definition: nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol. Most lipids contain chains of carbon atoms bonded to oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
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  • Lipids Monomer: each subunit in the complete molecule ( Fatty acids ) Polymer: large molecule, or macromolecule, made of many monomers bonded together ( Lipid )
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  • Lipids Function: Broken down as a source of usable energy for cells Fats ( animals ) and Oils ( plants ) ( Two familiar types of lipids )
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  • Lipids Function: Part of a cells structure: Phospholipid: consists of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group. Cholestrol: a lipid that has a ring structure.
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  • Lipids Function: Body uses it ( Cholestrol ) to make chemicals called steroid hormones. Functions of Cholesterol-based steroids: -Regulate bodys response to stress -Control sexual development and the reproductive system ( testosterone and estrogen )
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  • Lipids Structure ( Triglyceride has three fatty acids and a molecule of glycerol, but no phosphate group ):
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  • Lipids Structure ( Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids ):
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  • Lipids Structure ( Phospholipid ):
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  • Lipids Structure ( Cholestrol ):
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  • Lipids Examples?
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  • Think- Pair- Share Why are lipids important to your dietary needs? Think- Silently, write your answer in your notes Pair- When I tell you to discuss your answer with your shoulder partner Share- When I ask raise your hand to share with the class
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  • Proteins Proteins are basic molecular building blocks of cells and all parts of animals. Proteins are among the largest organic molecules.
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  • Proteins Monomer Amino acids Polymer Proteins What do they do Enzymes Structural support Storage Transport Hormones Receptors Motor/contractile
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  • What is a Protein There are 20 total different amino acids. Amino acids have carboxyl and amino groupsthe R group/side chain differs and determines the amino acids properties.
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  • Enzymes Only certain parts of a protein are chemically active. The shape of a protein determines which active sites are exposed.
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  • Proteins Protein molecules are made of smaller molecules called amino acids. Your cells combine different amino acids in various ways to make new and different proteins.
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  • Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are compounds made of long, repeating chains called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains: a sugar molecule a phosphate molecule, and a base molecule.
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  • Two Types of Nucleic Acids DNA Sugar Deoxyribose RNA Sugar Ribose
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  • DNA and nucleic acids DNA is a nucleic acid. A DNA molecule is put together like a twisted ladder. This model shows a short piece of the flattened DNA ladder. A DNA molecule is usually twisted and much longer.
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  • DNA Each side of the ladder is made of: 5-carbon sugars called deoxyribose and phosphate groups.
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  • DNA There are four nitrogen bases in two matched pairs.
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  • White board practice
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  • Which macromolecule is it?
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  • Which Macromolecule is it?
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  • How do you know this is a carbohydrate?
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  • How do you know this is a lipid?
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  • Which macromolecule is this?