M273 - Associations between ruminal and reticular...
3
M273 - Associations between ruminal and reticular pH during induction and recovery from subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows EVELINE SANDRI 1 , YVON COUTURE 2 , RACHEL GERVAIS 3 , L. FADUL-PACHECO 4,5 , JANIE LEVESQUE 1 , DANIEL E. RICO 1 * 1 CRSAD, Deschambault, QC, Canada, 2 Université de Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada, 3 Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada, 4 Valacta, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada, 5 Université McGill, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada ü Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) occurs when the pH is lower than 5.6 for long periods (> 3 hours/day), and it is normally associated with highly fermentable diets. ü The acidosis diagnosis is mainly based on measurements of ruminal pH, but it can be detected by changes in parameters that are modified during high concentrate feeding, such as milk fat content and profile. ü In dairy farms, telemetric pH boluses administered orally will remain in the reticulum, where pH measurements are generally higher, more stable, and less sensitive than measurements in the ventral sac of the rumen. Introduction The objective of this study was to evaluate pH changes in the rumen and reticulum of dairy cows fed diets containing different fiber and starch contents and the correlation between them. Twelve ruminally cannulated cows (120 ± 52 DIM; 35.5 ± 8.9 kg of milk/d; mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to either 1) SARA induction (Acidosis), 2) Recovery or 3) Control in a Latin square design with fixed sequences and 21-d periods. Using indwelling pH probes, pH was measured simultaneously in the reticulum and in the rumen ventral sac (every 5 min for 24 h) on d 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 of each period Figure 1: Evolution of ruminal and reticular time < pH 5.6 (h/d) A: Acidosis vs. Control = P < 0.05; R: Recovery vs. Control = P < 0.05; a: Acidosis vs. Control = P < 0.10). The reticular pH measurements may underestimate the incidence of SARA and would require adjustment before this technology can be used on commercial farms. The production performance of dairy cows fed high-concentrate diets was related to their susceptibility to SARA, as higher producing cows were at increased risk. Objective x x Rumen Reticulum Results Figure 2: Distribution and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) for ruminal and reticular pH measurements (n=33801). R 2 = 0.33, association not shown. -1 0 1 r -1 0 1 pH_Avg_ru pH_Max_ru pH_Min_ru pH_Range_ru pH_Var_ru pH_SD_ru pH_6_Area_ru pH_5.8_Area_ru pH_5.6_Area_ru pH_6_Hour_ru pH_5.8_Hour_ru pH_5.6_Hour_ru Acid_index_5.8_ru Acid_index_5.6_ru pH_Avg_re pH_Max_re pH_Min_re pH_Range_re pH_Var_re pH_SD_re pH_6_Area_re pH_5.8_Area_re pH_5.6_Area_re pH_6_Hour_re pH_5.8_Hour_re pH_5.6_Hour_re Acid_index_5.8_re Acid_index_5.6_re pH_Avg_ru pH_Max_ru pH_Min_ru pH_Range_ru pH_Var_ru pH_SD_ru pH_6_Area_ru pH_5.8_Area_ru pH_5.6_Area_ru pH_6_Hour_ru pH_5.8_Hour_ru pH_5.6_Hour_ru Acid_index_5.8_ru Acid_index_5.6_ru pH_Avg_re pH_Max_re pH_Min_re pH_Range_re pH_Var_re pH_SD_re pH_6_Area_re pH_5.8_Area_re pH_5.6_Area_re pH_6_Hour_re pH_5.8_Hour_re pH_5.6_Hour_re Acid_index_5.8_re Acid_index_5.6_re pH_Avg_ru pH_Max_ru pH_Min_ru pH_Range_ru pH_Var_ru pH_SD_ru pH_6_Area_ru pH_5.8_Area_ru pH_5.6_Area_ru pH_6_Hour_ru pH_5.8_Hour_ru pH_5.6_Hour_ru Acid_index_5.8_ru Acid_index_5.6_ru pH_Avg_re pH_Max_re pH_Min_re pH_Range_re pH_Var_re pH_SD_re pH_6_Area_re pH_5.8_Area_re pH_5.6_Area_re pH_6_Hour_re pH_5.8_Hour_re pH_5.6_Hour_re Acid_index_5.8_re Acid_index_5.6_re pH_Avg_ru pH_Max_ru pH_Min_ru pH_Range_ru pH_Var_ru pH_SD_ru pH_6_Area_ru pH_5.8_Area_ru pH_5.6_Area_ru pH_6_Hour_ru pH_5.8_Hour_ru pH_5.6_Hour_ru Acid_index_5.8_ru Acid_index_5.6_ru pH_Avg_re pH_Max_re pH_Min_re pH_Range_re pH_Var_re pH_SD_re pH_6_Area_re pH_5.8_Area_re pH_5.6_Area_re pH_6_Hour_re pH_5.8_Hour_re pH_5.6_Hour_re Acid_index_5.8_re Acid_index_5.6_re Results % of DM Control SARA Ecow; Devon, UK Mean 6.15 S.D. 0.33 Min. 5.02 Max. 8.15 Mean 6.00 S.D. 0.43 Min. 4.29 Max. 8.07 Rumen Reticulum Variable Mean SD 1 Mean SD 1 Average pH 6.13 0.23 6.02 0.29 Maximum pH 6.77 0.33 6.84 0.37 Minimum pH 5.67 0.29 5.33 0.32 pH range 1.10 0.37 1.51 0.47 pH variance 0.06 0.05 0.11 0.10 pH SD 1 0.24 0.08 0.31 0.10 Time below pH 6.0 (h/d) 6.50 5.94 9.50 6.73 Time below pH 5.8 (h/d) 3.16 4.05 6.15 5.74 Time below pH 5.6 (h/d) 1.01 1.79 3.20 4.21 Table 1: Descriptive statistics for ruminal and reticular pH measurements (data averaged by day; n = 156) Figure 5: Pairwise correlations between ruminal and reticular pH parameters (data averaged by day; n = 156). Acidosis index 5.8 = area under a pH of 5.8 × DMI (kg/d) Susceptible 1 Tolerant 2 SE P value DMI, kg/d 32.28 26.93 2.81 0.03 Milk yield, kg/j 38.48 33.02 3.87 0.06 Fat concentration, % 3.67 3.90 0.32 0.04 Fat yield, kg/d 1.39 1.29 0.24 0.73 Mean pH 5.50 6.16 0.19 0.03 Maximum pH 6.49 7.14 0.17 0.02 Minimum pH 4.83 5.34 0.10 0.40 pH variance 0.14 0.12 0.05 0.67 Time under pH 5.8, h/d 17.24 1.72 1.89 < 0.001 Time under pH 5.6, h/d 14.54 0.46 1.70 < 0.001 Acidosis index 3 34.80 2.96 4.43 < 0.001 1 Susceptible = AI > mean AI - 0.5 × SD; 2 Tolerant = AI < mean AI - 0.5 × SD; 3 AI= area under pH 5.8/DMI (kg/d) Table 2: Production and pH parameters for observations classified as susceptible or tolerant to subacute ruminal acidosis induction Rumen Reticulum Reticulum Rumen 1 SD= standard deviation ü The average and minimum ruminal pH in cows fed the acidosis diet were lower than that of cows fed the control diet on d 3, 14 and 21 ( P < 0.05). ü As compared with control, ruminal pH remained below 5.6 for a longer time when cows received the SARA diet on d 3 (145 vs. 378 min/d; P < 0.05) and d 7 (124 vs. 264; P < 0.08). ü In the reticulum, the pH duration below 5.6 was greater in cows fed the acidosis diet on d 3 (31 vs. 218 min/d) and 14 (8.4 vs. 127 min/d) for control and SARA, respectively ( P < 0.05). ü The association between the ruminal and reticular pH was low (R 2 = 0.33). ü Dry matter intake, milk and milk fat yield were greater in SARA- susceptible than in SARA-tolerant cows ( P = 0.03, 0.06 and 0.04, respectively), whereas milk fat concentration was lower in the SARA-susceptible group ( P < 0.05). ü Furthermore, SARA-susceptible cows had lower mean and maximum pH ( P < 0.05), but minimum pH or pH variance were not different. In addition, SARA-susceptible cows had greater values for time under pH 5.8 and 5.6 ( P < 0.001). Summary Conclusion Material and methods CP 17.2 16.1 NDF 31.0 24.0 ADF 20.5 15.8 Starch 20.0 29.3 Fatty acids 2.6 2.8 Rumen pH distribution Reticulum pH distribution pH rumen pH reticulum CCC: 0.52 95% CI 0.51-0.53
Transcript of M273 - Associations between ruminal and reticular...
M273 - Associations between ruminal and reticular pH during induction and recovery from subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows
EVELINE SANDRI1, YVON COUTURE2, RACHEL GERVAIS3, L. FADUL-PACHECO4,5, JANIE LEVESQUE1, DANIEL E. RICO1*1CRSAD, Deschambault, QC, Canada, 2Université de Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada, 3Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada,
4Valacta, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada, 5Université McGill, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
ü Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) occurs when the pH is lowerthan 5.6 for long periods (> 3 hours/day), and it is normallyassociated with highly fermentable diets.
ü The acidosis diagnosis is mainly based on measurements ofruminal pH, but it can be detected by changes in parameters thatare modified during high concentrate feeding, such as milk fatcontent and profile.
ü In dairy farms, telemetric pH boluses administered orally willremain in the reticulum, where pH measurements are generallyhigher, more stable, and less sensitive than measurements in theventral sac of the rumen.
Introduction
The objective of this study was to evaluate pH changes in the rumenand reticulum of dairy cows fed diets containing different fiber andstarch contents and the correlation between them.
Twelve ruminally cannulated cows (120 ± 52 DIM; 35.5 ± 8.9 kg ofmilk/d; mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to either 1) SARAinduction (Acidosis), 2) Recovery or 3) Control in a Latin squaredesign with fixed sequences and 21-d periods. Using indwelling pHprobes, pH was measured simultaneously in the reticulum and in therumen ventral sac (every 5 min for 24 h) on d 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 ofeach period
Figure 1: Evolution of ruminal and reticular time < pH 5.6 (h/d) A: Acidosis vs.Control = P < 0.05; R: Recovery vs. Control = P < 0.05; a: Acidosis vs.Control = P < 0.10).
The reticular pH measurements may underestimate the incidenceof SARA and would require adjustment before this technology canbe used on commercial farms. The production performance of dairycows fed high-concentrate diets was related to their susceptibility toSARA, as higher producing cows were at increased risk.
Objective
x xRumen Reticulum
Results
Figure 2: Distribution and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) forruminal and reticular pH measurements (n=33801). R2 = 0.33,association not shown.
pH_A
vg_ru
pH_M
ax_ru
pH_M
in_ru
pH_R
ange
_ru
pH_V
ar_ru
pH_S
D_ru
pH_6
_Area_
rupH
_5.8_A
rea_
rupH
_5.6_A
rea_
rupH
_6_H
our_ru
pH_5
.8_H
our_ru
pH_5
.6_H
our_ru
Acid_in
dex_
5.8_
ruAc
id_in
dex_
5.6_
rupH
_Avg
_re
pH_M
ax_re
pH_M
in_re
pH_R
ange
_re
pH_V
ar_re
pH_S
D_re
pH_6
_Area_
repH
_5.8_A
rea_
repH
_5.6_A
rea_
repH
_6_H
our_re
pH_5
.8_H
our_re
pH_5
.6_H
our_re
Acid_in
dex_
5.8_
reAc
id_in
dex_
5.6_
re
r-1
0
1
r-1
0
1
pH_A
vg_ru
pH_M
ax_ru
pH_M
in_ru
pH_R
ange
_ru
pH_V
ar_ru
pH_S
D_ru
pH_6
_Area_
rupH
_5.8_A
rea_
rupH
_5.6_A
rea_
rupH
_6_H
our_ru
pH_5
.8_H
our_ru
pH_5
.6_H
our_ru
Acid_in
dex_
5.8_
ruAc
id_in
dex_
5.6_
rupH
_Avg
_re
pH_M
ax_re
pH_M
in_re
pH_R
ange
_re
pH_V
ar_re
pH_S
D_re
pH_6
_Area_
repH
_5.8_A
rea_
repH
_5.6_A
rea_
repH
_6_H
our_re
pH_5
.8_H
our_re
pH_5
.6_H
our_re
Acid_in
dex_
5.8_
reAc
id_in
dex_
5.6_
re
pH_Avg_rupH_Max_rupH_Min_ru
pH_Range_rupH_Var_rupH_SD_ru
pH_6_Area_rupH_5.8_Area_rupH_5.6_Area_rupH_6_Hour_ru
pH_5.8_Hour_rupH_5.6_Hour_ru
Acid_index_5.8_ruAcid_index_5.6_ru
pH_Avg_repH_Max_repH_Min_re
pH_Range_repH_Var_repH_SD_re
pH_6_Area_repH_5.8_Area_repH_5.6_Area_repH_6_Hour_re
pH_5.8_Hour_repH_5.6_Hour_re
Acid_index_5.8_reAcid_index_5.6_re
r-101 r-101
pH_Avg_rupH_Max_rupH_Min_ru
pH_Range_rupH_Var_rupH_SD_ru
pH_6_Area_rupH_5.8_Area_rupH_5.6_Area_rupH_6_Hour_ru
pH_5.8_Hour_rupH_5.6_Hour_ru
Acid_index_5.8_ruAcid_index_5.6_ru
pH_Avg_repH_Max_repH_Min_re
pH_Range_repH_Var_repH_SD_re
pH_6_Area_repH_5.8_Area_repH_5.6_Area_repH_6_Hour_re
pH_5.8_Hour_repH_5.6_Hour_re
Acid_index_5.8_reAcid_index_5.6_re
pH_A
vg_ru
pH_M
ax_ru
pH_M
in_ru
pH_R
ange
_ru
pH_V
ar_ru
pH_S
D_ru
pH_6
_Area_
rupH
_5.8_A
rea_
rupH
_5.6_A
rea_
rupH
_6_H
our_ru
pH_5
.8_H
our_ru
pH_5
.6_H
our_ru
Acid_in
dex_
5.8_
ruAc
id_in
dex_
5.6_
rupH
_Avg
_re
pH_M
ax_re
pH_M
in_re
pH_R
ange
_re
pH_V
ar_re
pH_S
D_re
pH_6
_Area_
repH
_5.8_A
rea_
repH
_5.6_A
rea_
repH
_6_H
our_re
pH_5
.8_H
our_re
pH_5
.6_H
our_re
Acid_in
dex_
5.8_
reAc
id_in
dex_
5.6_
re
r-1
0
1
r-1
0
1
pH_A
vg_ru
pH_M
ax_ru
pH_M
in_ru
pH_R
ange
_ru
pH_V
ar_ru
pH_S
D_ru
pH_6
_Area_
rupH
_5.8_A
rea_
rupH
_5.6_A
rea_
rupH
_6_H
our_ru
pH_5
.8_H
our_ru
pH_5
.6_H
our_ru
Acid_in
dex_
5.8_
ruAc
id_in
dex_
5.6_
rupH
_Avg
_re
pH_M
ax_re
pH_M
in_re
pH_R
ange
_re
pH_V
ar_re
pH_S
D_re
pH_6
_Area_
repH
_5.8_A
rea_
repH
_5.6_A
rea_
repH
_6_H
our_re
pH_5
.8_H
our_re
pH_5
.6_H
our_re
Acid_in
dex_
5.8_
reAc
id_in
dex_
5.6_
re
Results
% of DM Control SARA
Ecow; Devon, UK
Mean 6.15S.D. 0.33Min. 5.02Max. 8.15
Mean 6.00S.D. 0.43Min. 4.29Max. 8.07
Rumen ReticulumVariable Mean SD
1Mean SD
1
Average pH 6.13 0.23 6.02 0.29Maximum pH 6.77 0.33 6.84 0.37Minimum pH 5.67 0.29 5.33 0.32pH range 1.10 0.37 1.51 0.47pH variance 0.06 0.05 0.11 0.10pH SD
10.24 0.08 0.31 0.10
Time below pH 6.0 (h/d) 6.50 5.94 9.50 6.73Time below pH 5.8 (h/d) 3.16 4.05 6.15 5.74Time below pH 5.6 (h/d) 1.01 1.79 3.20 4.21
Table 1: Descriptive statistics for ruminal and reticular pH measurements(data averaged by day; n = 156)
Figure 5: Pairwise correlations between ruminal and reticular pHparameters (data averaged by day; n = 156). Acidosis index 5.8 =area under a pH of 5.8 × DMI (kg/d)
Susceptible1 Tolerant2 SE P valueDMI, kg/d 32.28 26.93 2.81 0.03Milk yield, kg/j 38.48 33.02 3.87 0.06Fat concentration, % 3.67 3.90 0.32 0.04Fat yield, kg/d 1.39 1.29 0.24 0.73Mean pH 5.50 6.16 0.19 0.03Maximum pH 6.49 7.14 0.17 0.02Minimum pH 4.83 5.34 0.10 0.40pH variance 0.14 0.12 0.05 0.67Time under pH 5.8, h/d 17.24 1.72 1.89 < 0.001Time under pH 5.6, h/d 14.54 0.46 1.70 < 0.001Acidosis index3 34.80 2.96 4.43 < 0.0011Susceptible = AI > mean AI - 0.5 × SD; 2Tolerant = AI < mean AI - 0.5 × SD; 3AI= area under pH 5.8/DMI (kg/d)
Table 2: Production and pH parameters for observations classified assusceptible or tolerant to subacute ruminal acidosis induction
Rum
enR
etic
ulum
ReticulumRumen1SD= standard deviation
ü The average and minimum ruminal pH in cows fed the acidosisdiet were lower than that of cows fed the control diet on d 3, 14and 21 (P < 0.05).
ü As compared with control, ruminal pH remained below 5.6 for alonger time when cows received the SARA diet on d 3 (145 vs.378 min/d; P < 0.05) and d 7 (124 vs. 264; P < 0.08).
ü In the reticulum, the pH duration below 5.6 was greater in cowsfed the acidosis diet on d 3 (31 vs. 218 min/d) and 14 (8.4 vs. 127min/d) for control and SARA, respectively (P < 0.05).
ü The association between the ruminal and reticular pH was low (R2
= 0.33).ü Dry matter intake, milk and milk fat yield were greater in SARA-
susceptible than in SARA-tolerant cows (P = 0.03, 0.06 and 0.04,respectively), whereas milk fat concentration was lower in theSARA-susceptible group (P < 0.05).
ü Furthermore, SARA-susceptible cows had lower mean andmaximum pH (P < 0.05), but minimum pH or pH variance were notdifferent. In addition, SARA-susceptible cows had greater valuesfor time under pH 5.8 and 5.6 (P < 0.001).
Summary
Conclusion
Material and methods
CP 17.2 16.1NDF 31.0 24.0ADF 20.5 15.8Starch 20.0 29.3Fatty acids 2.6 2.8
Rumen pH distribution Reticulum pH distribution
pH rumen
pH re
ticul
um
CCC: 0.5295% CI 0.51-0.53
M273 - Associations between ruminal and reticular pH during induction and recovery from subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows
EVELINE SANDRI1, YVON COUTURE2, RACHEL GERVAIS3, L. FADUL-PACHECO4,5, JANIE LEVESQUE1, DANIEL E. RICO1
1CRSAD, Deschambault, QC, Canada, 2Université de Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada, 3Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada, 4Valacta, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada, 5Université McGill, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
ü Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) occurs when the pH is lowerthan 5.6 for long periods (more than 3 hours/day), caused byfeeding more non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) that alter therumen fermentation profile
ü The acidosis diagnosis is mainly based on measurements ofruminal pH, but it can be detected by changes in parameters thatare modified during high concentrate feeding, such as milk fatcontent and profile
ü In the dairy farms, telemetric pH boluses administered through thecow’s mouth will be placed the reticulum, where pHmeasurements are generally higher, more stable, and lesssensitive than measurements in the ventral sac of the rumen.
Introduction
The objective of this study was to evaluate pH changes in the rumenand reticulum of dairy cows fed diets containing different fiber andstarch contents and the correlation between them.
Twelve ruminally cannulated cows (120 ± 52 DIM; 35.5 ± 8.9 kg ofmilk/d; mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to either 1) SARAinduction, 2) Recovery or 3) Control in a Latin square design withfixed sequence and 21-d periods.
pH values
Figure 1: Ruminal and reticular < 5,6 (hours/day) of the cows under the 3treatments (Acidosis, Recovery and Control) on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and21 (A: Acidosis vs. Control = P < 0,05; R: Recovery vs. Control = P <0,05; a: Acidosis vs. Control = P < 0,10).
ü The average and minimum ruminal pH in cows fed the SARA dietwere lower than that of cows fed the control diet on d 3, 14 and 21(P < 0.05).
ü As compared with control, ruminal pH remained below 5.6 for alonger time when cows received the SARA diet on d 3 (145 vs.378 min/d; P < 0.05) and d 7 (124 vs. 264; P < 0.08).
ü In the reticulum, the pH duration below 5.6 was greater in cowsfed the SARA diet on d 3 (31 vs. 218 min/d) and 14 (8.4 vs. 127min/d) for control and SARA, respectively (P < 0.05).
ü The association between the ruminal and reticular pH was low(R2 = 0.33).
ü Dry matter intake, milk and milk fat yield were greater in SARA-susceptible than in SARA-tolerant cows (P = 0.03, 0.06 and 0.04,respectively), whereas milk fat concentration was lower in theSARA-susceptible group (P < 0.05).
ü Furthermore, SARA-susceptible cows had lower mean andmaximal pH (P < 0.05), but minimum pH or pH variance were notdifferent. In addition, SARA-susceptible cows had greater valuesfor time under pH 5.8 and 5.6 (P < 0.001).
The reticular pH measurements may underestimate the incidenceof SARA and would require adjustment before this technology canbe used on commercial farms. The production performance of dairycows fed high-concentrate diets was related to their susceptibility toSARA, as higher producing cows were at increased risk.
Objective
Materials and Methods
x xRumen Reticulum
Results
Summary
Conclusion
Figure 2: Relationship between ruminal and reticular pH measurements
Relationship between ruminal and reticular pH
Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield
Figure 1: Evolution of DMI and milk yield. A: Acidosis vs. Control = P < 0,05; R: Recovery vs.Control = P < 0,05; a: Acidosis vs. Control = P < 0,10).
Figure 4: Evolution of milk fat content and fat yield of the cows under the 3treatments (Acidosis, Recovery and Control) on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and21 (A: Acidosis vs. Control = P < 0,05; a: Acidosis vs. Control = P <0,10).
Milk fat content and fat yield
Using indwelling pH probes, pHwas measured simultaneously inthe reticulum and in the rumenventral sac (every 5 min for 24 h)on d 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 of eachperiod
pH_A
vg_ru
pH_M
ax_ru
pH_M
in_ru
pH_R
ange
_ru
pH_V
ar_ru
pH_S
D_ru
pH_6
_Area_
rupH
_5.8_A
rea_
rupH
_5.6_A
rea_
rupH
_6_H
our_ru
pH_5
.8_H
our_ru
pH_5
.6_H
our_ru
Acid_ind
ex_5
.8_ru
Acid_ind
ex_5
.6_ru
pH_A
vg_re
pH_M
ax_re
pH_M
in_re
pH_R
ange
_re
pH_V
ar_re
pH_S
D_re
pH_6
_Area_
repH
_5.8_A
rea_
repH
_5.6_A
rea_
repH
_6_H
our_re
pH_5
.8_H
our_re
pH_5
.6_H
our_re
Acid_ind
ex_5
.8_re
Acid_ind
ex_5
.6_re
r-1
0
1
r-1
0
1
pH_A
vg_ru
pH_M
ax_ru
pH_M
in_ru
pH_R
ange
_ru
pH_V
ar_ru
pH_S
D_ru
pH_6
_Area_
rupH
_5.8_A
rea_
rupH
_5.6_A
rea_
rupH
_6_H
our_ru
pH_5
.8_H
our_ru
pH_5
.6_H
our_ru
Acid_ind
ex_5
.8_ru
Acid_ind
ex_5
.6_ru
pH_A
vg_re
pH_M
ax_re
pH_M
in_re
pH_R
ange
_re
pH_V
ar_re
pH_S
D_re
pH_6
_Area_
repH
_5.8_A
rea_
repH
_5.6_A
rea_
repH
_6_H
our_re
pH_5
.8_H
our_re
pH_5
.6_H
our_re
Acid_ind
ex_5
.8_re
Acid_ind
ex_5
.6_re
pH_Avg_rupH_Max_rupH_Min_ru
pH_Range_rupH_Var_rupH_SD_ru
pH_6_Area_rupH_5.8_Area_rupH_5.6_Area_rupH_6_Hour_ru
pH_5.8_Hour_rupH_5.6_Hour_ru
Acid_index_5.8_ruAcid_index_5.6_ru
pH_Avg_repH_Max_repH_Min_re
pH_Range_repH_Var_repH_SD_re
pH_6_Area_repH_5.8_Area_repH_5.6_Area_repH_6_Hour_re
pH_5.8_Hour_repH_5.6_Hour_re
Acid_index_5.8_reAcid_index_5.6_re
r-101 r-101
pH_Avg_rupH_Max_rupH_Min_ru
pH_Range_rupH_Var_rupH_SD_ru
pH_6_Area_rupH_5.8_Area_rupH_5.6_Area_rupH_6_Hour_ru
pH_5.8_Hour_rupH_5.6_Hour_ru
Acid_index_5.8_ruAcid_index_5.6_ru
pH_Avg_repH_Max_repH_Min_re
pH_Range_repH_Var_repH_SD_re
pH_6_Area_repH_5.8_Area_repH_5.6_Area_repH_6_Hour_re
pH_5.8_Hour_repH_5.6_Hour_re
Acid_index_5.8_reAcid_index_5.6_re
pH_A
vg_ru
pH_M
ax_ru
pH_M
in_ru
pH_R
ange
_ru
pH_V
ar_ru
pH_S
D_ru
pH_6
_Area_
rupH
_5.8_A
rea_
rupH
_5.6_A
rea_
rupH
_6_H
our_ru
pH_5
.8_H
our_ru
pH_5
.6_H
our_ru
Acid_ind
ex_5
.8_ru
Acid_ind
ex_5
.6_ru
pH_A
vg_re
pH_M
ax_re
pH_M
in_re
pH_R
ange
_re
pH_V
ar_re
pH_S
D_re
pH_6
_Area_
repH
_5.8_A
rea_
repH
_5.6_A
rea_
repH
_6_H
our_re
pH_5
.8_H
our_re
pH_5
.6_H
our_re
Acid_ind
ex_5
.8_re
Acid_ind
ex_5
.6_re
r-1
0
1
r-1
0
1
pH_A
vg_ru
pH_M
ax_ru
pH_M
in_ru
pH_R
ange
_ru
pH_V
ar_ru
pH_S
D_ru
pH_6
_Area_
rupH
_5.8_A
rea_
rupH
_5.6_A
rea_
rupH
_6_H
our_ru
pH_5
.8_H
our_ru
pH_5
.6_H
our_ru
Acid_ind
ex_5
.8_ru
Acid_ind
ex_5
.6_ru
pH_A
vg_re
pH_M
ax_re
pH_M
in_re
pH_R
ange
_re
pH_V
ar_re
pH_S
D_re
pH_6
_Area_
repH
_5.8_A
rea_
repH
_5.6_A
rea_
repH
_6_H
our_re
pH_5
.8_H
our_re
pH_5
.6_H
our_re
Acid_ind
ex_5
.8_re
Acid_ind
ex_5
.6_re
Results
pH_A
vg_ru
pH_M
ax_ru
pH_M
in_ru
pH_R
ange
_ru
pH_V
ar_ru
pH_S
D_ru
pH_6
_Area_
rupH
_5.8_A
rea_
rupH
_5.6_A
rea_
rupH
_6_H
our_ru
pH_5
.8_H
our_ru
pH_5
.6_H
our_ru
Acid_ind
ex_5
.8_ru
Acid_ind
ex_5
.6_ru
pH_A
vg_re
pH_M
ax_re
pH_M
in_re
pH_R
ange
_re
pH_V
ar_re
pH_S
D_re
pH_6
_Area_
repH
_5.8_A
rea_
repH
_5.6_A
rea_
repH
_6_H
our_re
pH_5
.8_H
our_re
pH_5
.6_H
our_re
Acid_ind
ex_5
.8_re
Acid_ind
ex_5
.6_re
r-1
0
1
r-1
0
1
pH_A
vg_ru
pH_M
ax_ru
pH_M
in_ru
pH_R
ange
_ru
pH_V
ar_ru
pH_S
D_ru
pH_6
_Area_
rupH
_5.8_A
rea_
rupH
_5.6_A
rea_
rupH
_6_H
our_ru
pH_5
.8_H
our_ru
pH_5
.6_H
our_ru
Acid_ind
ex_5
.8_ru
Acid_ind
ex_5
.6_ru
pH_A
vg_re
pH_M
ax_re
pH_M
in_re
pH_R
ange
_re
pH_V
ar_re
pH_S
D_re
pH_6
_Area_
repH
_5.8_A
rea_
repH
_5.6_A
rea_
repH
_6_H
our_re
pH_5
.8_H
our_re
pH_5
.6_H
our_re
Acid_ind
ex_5
.8_re
Acid_ind
ex_5
.6_re
pH_Avg_rupH_Max_rupH_Min_ru
pH_Range_rupH_Var_rupH_SD_ru
pH_6_Area_rupH_5.8_Area_rupH_5.6_Area_rupH_6_Hour_ru
pH_5.8_Hour_rupH_5.6_Hour_ru
Acid_index_5.8_ruAcid_index_5.6_ru
pH_Avg_repH_Max_repH_Min_re
pH_Range_repH_Var_repH_SD_re
pH_6_Area_repH_5.8_Area_repH_5.6_Area_repH_6_Hour_re
pH_5.8_Hour_repH_5.6_Hour_re
Acid_index_5.8_reAcid_index_5.6_re
r-101 r-101
pH_Avg_rupH_Max_rupH_Min_ru
pH_Range_rupH_Var_rupH_SD_ru
pH_6_Area_rupH_5.8_Area_rupH_5.6_Area_rupH_6_Hour_ru
pH_5.8_Hour_rupH_5.6_Hour_ru
Acid_index_5.8_ruAcid_index_5.6_ru
pH_Avg_repH_Max_repH_Min_re
pH_Range_repH_Var_repH_SD_re
pH_6_Area_repH_5.8_Area_repH_5.6_Area_repH_6_Hour_re
pH_5.8_Hour_repH_5.6_Hour_re
Acid_index_5.8_reAcid_index_5.6_re
pH_A
vg_ru
pH_M
ax_ru
pH_M
in_ru
pH_R
ange
_ru
pH_V
ar_ru
pH_S
D_ru
pH_6
_Area_
rupH
_5.8_A
rea_
rupH
_5.6_A
rea_
rupH
_6_H
our_ru
pH_5
.8_H
our_ru
pH_5
.6_H
our_ru
Acid_ind
ex_5
.8_ru
Acid_ind
ex_5
.6_ru
pH_A
vg_re
pH_M
ax_re
pH_M
in_re
pH_R
ange
_re
pH_V
ar_re
pH_S
D_re
pH_6
_Area_
repH
_5.8_A
rea_
repH
_5.6_A
rea_
repH
_6_H
our_re
pH_5
.8_H
our_re
pH_5
.6_H
our_re
Acid_ind
ex_5
.8_re
Acid_ind
ex_5
.6_re
r-1
0
1
r-1
0
1
pH_A
vg_ru
pH_M
ax_ru
pH_M
in_ru
pH_R
ange
_ru
pH_V
ar_ru
pH_S
D_ru
pH_6
_Area_
rupH
_5.8_A
rea_
rupH
_5.6_A
rea_
rupH
_6_H
our_ru
pH_5
.8_H
our_ru
pH_5
.6_H
our_ru
Acid_ind
ex_5
.8_ru
Acid_ind
ex_5
.6_ru
pH_A
vg_re
pH_M
ax_re
pH_M
in_re
pH_R
ange
_re
pH_V
ar_re
pH_S
D_re
pH_6
_Area_
repH
_5.8_A
rea_
repH
_5.6_A
rea_
repH
_6_H
our_re
pH_5
.8_H
our_re
pH_5
.6_H
our_re
Acid_ind
ex_5
.8_re
Acid_ind
ex_5
.6_re
pH_Avg_rupH_Max_rupH_Min_rupH_Range_rupH_Var_rupH_SD_rupH_6_Area_rupH_5.8_Area_rupH_5.6_Area_rupH_6_Hour_rupH_5.8_Hour_rupH_5.6_Hour_ruAcid_index_5.8_ruAcid_index_5.6_rupH_Avg_repH_Max_repH_Min_repH_Range_repH_Var_repH_SD_repH_6_Area_repH_5.8_Area_repH_5.6_Area_repH_6_Hour_repH_5.8_Hour_repH_5.6_Hour_reAcid_index_5.8_reAcid_index_5.6_re
<.0001<.0001<.00010.40330.16290.0506<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.0030<.00010.05330.42490.0884<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
<.0001<.00010.4525<.00010.0217<.0001<.00010.00050.0078<.0001<.00010.00030.00010.00390.0054<.00010.03080.01290.11000.10680.01030.03880.09850.00970.01670.08050.02810.0779
<.00010.4525<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.1356<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.00070.00040.0003<.0001<.0001
0.4033<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.15250.06040.03420.96530.43930.10900.08580.03170.4707<.00010.1149<.0001<.0001<.00010.58580.30870.14620.86090.68320.35940.40570.1738
0.16290.0217<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.01520.00750.00690.16660.08100.00690.01150.00560.39250.06880.08830.00200.0001<.00010.12820.10840.12870.19310.21790.02580.28320.2285
0.0506<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.0005<.0001<.00010.35310.0209<.0001<.0001<.00010.82640.00010.0092<.0001<.0001<.00010.39680.19220.08210.73470.59190.12370.35550.1346
<.0001<.0001<.00010.15250.01520.0005<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.00020.0724<.00010.11520.26870.0819<.0001<.00010.0020<.0001<.00010.0002<.00010.0021
<.00010.0005<.00010.06040.0075<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.00630.30060.00110.10310.26480.10430.00030.00030.00110.00140.00060.00140.00050.0011
<.00010.0078<.00010.03420.0069<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.09160.76970.02900.13970.39420.21790.04520.01180.00120.22360.09180.02470.01760.0011
<.0001<.0001<.00010.96530.16660.3531<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.0019<.00010.36000.59850.1929<.0001<.00010.0721<.0001<.00010.0001<.00010.0820
<.0001<.0001<.00010.43930.08100.0209<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.0092<.00010.13770.21730.0547<.0001<.00010.0082<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.0087
<.00010.0003<.00010.10900.0069<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.00820.19450.00060.12590.18530.0569<.00010.00030.00860.0001<.00010.00080.00040.0090
<.00010.0001<.00010.08580.0115<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.00200.29430.00040.06930.26260.0869<.00010.00010.00070.00030.00020.0007<.00010.0005
<.00010.0039<.00010.03170.0056<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.05490.84720.01860.08810.35480.17070.02920.00620.00040.17280.06600.01430.00700.0003
<.00010.0054<.00010.47070.39250.82640.00020.00630.0916<.0001<.00010.00820.00200.0549<.0001<.0001<.00010.00080.02250.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
0.0030<.00010.1356<.00010.06880.00010.07240.30060.76970.00190.00920.19450.29430.8472<.0001<.00010.0001<.00010.0002<.00010.00020.00170.0556<.00010.00020.01390.00130.0529
<.00010.0308<.00010.11490.08830.0092<.00010.00110.0290<.0001<.00010.00060.00040.0186<.00010.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
0.05330.0129<.0001<.00010.0020<.00010.11520.10310.13970.36000.13770.12590.06930.08810.0008<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.00160.0007<.0001<.0001<.0001
0.42490.1100<.0001<.00010.0001<.00010.26870.26480.39420.59850.21730.18530.26260.35480.02250.0002<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.00650.0005<.0001<.00010.0001
0.08840.1068<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.08190.10430.21790.19290.05470.05690.08690.17070.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
<.00010.0103<.00010.58580.12820.3968<.00010.00030.0452<.0001<.0001<.0001<.00010.0292<.00010.0002<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
<.00010.0388<.00010.30870.10840.1922<.00010.00030.0118<.0001<.00010.00030.00010.0062<.00010.0017<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
<.00010.0985<.00010.14620.12870.08210.00200.00110.00120.07210.00820.00860.00070.0004<.00010.0556<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
<.00010.00970.00070.86090.19310.7347<.00010.00140.2236<.0001<.00010.00010.00030.1728<.0001<.0001<.00010.00160.0065<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
<.00010.01670.00040.68320.21790.5919<.00010.00060.0918<.0001<.0001<.00010.00020.0660<.00010.0002<.00010.00070.0005<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
<.00010.08050.00030.35940.02580.12370.00020.00140.02470.0001<.00010.00080.00070.0143<.00010.0139<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
<.00010.0281<.00010.40570.28320.3555<.00010.00050.0176<.0001<.00010.0004<.00010.0070<.00010.0013<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
<.00010.0779<.00010.17380.22850.13460.00210.00110.00110.08200.00870.00900.00050.0003<.00010.0529<.0001<.00010.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
pH_Avg_ru pH_Max_ru pH_Min_ru pH_Range_ru pH_Var_ru pH_SD_ru pH_6_Area_ru pH_5.8_Area_ru pH_5.6_Area_ru pH_6_Hour_ru pH_5.8_Hour_ru pH_5.6_Hour_ru Acid_index_5.8_ru Acid_index_5.6_ru pH_Avg_re pH_Max_re pH_Min_re pH_Range_re pH_Var_re pH_SD_re pH_6_Area_re pH_5.8_Area_re pH_5.6_Area_re pH_6_Hour_re pH_5.8_Hour_re pH_5.6_Hour_re Acid_index_5.8_re Acid_index_5.6_re
