M Arch Thesis reviews fall 2009 - Daniels · M Arch Thesis reviews fall 2009 13 humanism is an...

M Arch Thesis reviewsfall 2009

sTephen Joseph addeonAThAniel addisonpAul agelothanasisJennifer azzopardiGAvin ryAn BermanMAdAlenA M CheungJAMes pATrick dixonMAGdAlenA doBranowskiBenJAMin feldmanchrisTinA BernAdeTTe grayfABiAn AuGusTo grieCoAwAis hamidhAyley kyle imermanholly JordanJesse roBerT klimitzBriAn deAn layeesMond leeJuliAnA hoi MinG leechiA yinG eMily linMu yi leo lindAvid longMAni mani AnToine morrisevAn BrAdley moseskrisTen nakamurapeTer BJorn odegaardcArlA pATriciA pareJaGolnAz susAn rakhshanModA samsamTAryn elissA sheppardroBerT dAvid shostaknooshin taleBianivAlerie tamJin XinG tangsAndo Billey thordarsondiAnA tiBurCioJiMMy trandAnielle kAlen whitleysAndy lAi shAn wonglilA yavari-issalouMArTin chAk kwAn yeungsiew lAn sherry yongrui zhou

M Arch Thesis reviewsfall 2009

aCknowledgements

Thank you to cecille sioulis for strong program support in the MArch program, and invaluable coordination of the final Thesis reviews; to Anna lightfoot for communications assistance and the production of this book; to dean richard M. sommer and komala prabhakar for intellectual and logistical support; and, to John howarth, Johnny Bui, Bryn dhir, Ana da silva Borges, and zita da silva for facilities, resources, and coordination assistance for this fall’s Thesis reviews. Also thank you to an impressive array of guest critics, and to the members of our Thesis committee: Tom Bessai, Aziza chaouni, steven fong, robert levit, carol Moukheiber, Barry sampson, and Brigitte shim.

i am very pleased to present this provocative roster for the fAll 2009 final Thesis reviews. on december 16-17, 2009, our newest soon-to-be graduates of the John h. daniels faculty of Architecture, landscape, and design, Master of Architecture program, will present and defend their speculations to a group of external and internal guest critics and a large faculty audience.

forty-five students, whose varied work we will be contemplating, have ventured into areas of architecture that speculate on its capacity, its stakes, and its limits. Questions of technology, of city-making, of form-making, of ecology, of social politics, of manufacturing often ask to seek expertise beyond the discipline, only to ultimately construct arguments of architecture. provocations in design boldly engage a variety of scales, as manifest in the following pages, as interventions in an often re-framed world.

i look forward to two stimulating days of rich discourse, varied perspec-tives, and new revelations. pina petriconeThesis co-ordinator and director, Master of Architecture program

to Boldly go

M Arch Thesis reviews fall 2009 54

proJeCts

sTephen Joseph addeo / sAndo Billey thordarsonnAThAniel addisonpAul agelothanasisGAvin ryAn BermanMAdAlenA M CheungJAMes pATrick dixonMAGdAlenA doBranowskiBenJAMin feldmanchrisTinA BernAdeTTe grayfABiAn AuGusTo grieCoAwAis hamidhAyley kyle imermanholly JordanJesse roBerT klimitzBriAn deAn layeesMond leeJuliAnA hoi MinG leechiA yinG eMily linMu yi leo lindAvid longMAni mani AnToine morrisevAn BrAdley moseskrisTen nakamurapeTer BJorn odegaardcArlA pATriciA pareJaGolnAz susAn rakhshanModA samsamTAryn elissA sheppardroBerT dAvid shostaknooshin taleBianivAlerie tamJin XinG tangdiAnA tiBurCioJiMMy trandAnielle kAlen whitleysAndy lAi shAn wonglilA yavari-lssalouMArTin chAk kwAn yeungrui zhou

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Advisors: rodolphe el-khoury / roBert levit

Canadian infrastruCtural futures

futur d’infrastruCture Canadien

canada is a nation in which the construction of identity has always been tied to notions of land-scape. nationhood has been based on both the cultural consumption of the vast and varied land-scapes arrayed across its expanse as well as the industrial consumption of regionally specific resources and their resulting industries.

energy and transportation infrastructures form the foundational level of the metabolic functioning of these processes. what is the future of these foundations given the current tensions within a constantly dynamic system?

canadian infrastructural futures aims to realign the conventional deployment of modern infra-structure by reconnecting it to local socio-ecologies and biophysical realities, both man-made and otherwise. This proposal presents a re-imagining of future energy industries and resources that support both local and national economies.

sTephen Joseph addeosAndo Billey thordarson

8


Toronto is one of the top immigrant destinations in the world, with approximately half of its urban population born overseas. emanating from the downtown core, successive waves of immigration have helped define the history and places of the city, as it exists today.

To many, canadian citizenship is an opportunity for an improved standard of living. Because of exclusionary immigration standards, however, only a small privileged percentage of people are eligible. Alternatively, over 90,000 temporary work visas are issued through the foreign worker program every year. canadian citizens have full access to formal networks, while foreigners on temporary work permits have little to no support structure, are left vulnerable to abuse, and often feel lost in the sprawling north American suburbanization.

The free city is a network organization for people existing beneath the radar, without the facilities available to those with legal status. it is a place of refuge for marginalized people adapting to unfamiliar spatial conditions, where car culture and ample road networks separate pockets of vitality. it is the spaces in between that must be activated, creating the public sphere of non-status, “invisible” people.

“If you are a nobody, and you don’t know anybody who isn’t a nobody, the only way you can make yourself heard in a large city is through certain well defined channels. These channels all begin in holes-in-the-wall.”

Jane Jacobsfirst urban design conference at the Gsd, 1956

free City puBliC plaCes in industrial spaCes

Advisor: mason white

nAThAniel addison

10


humanism is an extensive study and compilation of ethical philosophies developed since antiquity, a philosophy whose meanings and contexts are various but nevertheless affirm the notions of self-respect and value for people based on ethical and rational foundations.

in architecture, humanism emphasizes the notion of autonomous individualism of the bourgeois, the concept of subjectivity and its presumptions of originality, universality and authority that constitutes the distinctive and the uniquely visual or even generally aesthetic mode of perception. The humanist concept is also directed towards concern for human development and experience, such as in the works of constantinos doxiadis, Giancarlo de carlo, and members of Team 10, who during the 1960s underscored the connection between architecture and social ideals concentrating on the idealistic programme of improvement and progress of the human condition that lay at the core of modern architectural tradition. Adversely, this philosophy has often been associated within the discourses of exploitation primarily within that of ecology. As humanism supports the agenda of anthropocentric ‘freedom’ and ‘progress’ it had consequently ill-effects on our natural environment.

Athens Greece is a significant example of humanism’s exploitation of its natural environment through the haphazard urban sprawl of the postwar. often referred to as the ‘tsimentopolis’—or rather ‘concrete-city’—Athens is situated within a prodigious geological basin that accommodates more than half of the country’s total population, creating an urban fabric of such density and congestion that has forsaken its inhabitants of any natural or urban spaces.

The site of this investigation focuses on a 9000 acre parcel of land located adjacently to the Athenian city center, known as elaionas. since archaic times elaionas has functioned as the Athenian olive grove for centuries, amended into an agricultural environment during the 19th century and recently into an industrial haven during the late 1970s. Today elaionas is a ‘black hole’ within the physical conditions of the city, an industrial brownfield of valuable urban potential.

The proposition of this thesis aims to rejuvenate the abused landscape of elaionas into a new breathing ‘lung’ for the city of Athens, as a response to the existing urban conditions of the city with the intention of creating a symbiosis between urban fabric and the natural environment, and subsequently an extended natural system for humankind, a condition known as ‘posthumanism.’

humanism

Advisor: taymoore BalBaa

pAul agelothanasis

12


Advisor: Barry sampson

housing is a volatile good and is therefore subject to a variety of cyclical and non cyclical changes. if housing is unable to respond to these changes, it becomes obsolete. with the balance of the world’s population having shifted to urban centers, the need to address the flexibility of our urban living has become increasingly important. density is a precursor to sustainability, and the modern apartment is one of the most effective ways of achieving acceptable levels of density.

we must design and build flexible and adaptable urban communities as a space that can provide for changing degrees of uncertainty with regards to demographics, social needs, and technological innovations. Architecture must be recognized as an adaptive system within a larger and constantly evolving network. By accepting change as an underlying parameter, and acknowledging that the amount and extent of this change is unknown, not only does adaptable housing become inherently sustainable but it becomes the fundamental backbone with which sustainable growth and innovations rely upon.

By effectively using a principle of slack space planning, the architect’s role shifts from the designer of a visionary housing community with determined characteristics to the facilitator of a design engine that enables growth and contraction based on the true needs of its inhabitants.

(s)laCking spaCe:reConsidering ColleCtive living

GAvin ryAn Berman

14


Advisor: david lieBerman

i am setting a table for dinner. The table cloth, the plates, the glasses, and the silverware are carefully arranged to translate what it means to have a meal. is it a visual feast for the eyes or for the mind? is it simply setting the table, assembling in a specific manner then serving all the items at once? do we collectively converse around the dinner table or contemplate silently in solitude?

The dinner table is where we can take moments of rest at which we experience the temporality of a meal which affect a space at that particular time. As in architecture, the memory of a family dinner is a simple enjoyment longed to be anticipated, to be seen and to be engaged in. The combinations string together series of sequences offering immediate appreciation of direct senses in tastes, in contrasts, in visuals, and in sounds. Thus, the sequences describe the “building” block for dishes presented in front of us.

service–preservation–preparation–process–transformation–distribution–consumption–disposal–disbursement

setting the taBle

MAdAlenA M Cheung

16



The english seaside holiday town has come under threat from an increasingly abundant group of inter-european airlines that promote inexpensive continental vacations. with the newly accessible warm waters and sunny skies of the Mediterranean to contend with, traditional mild and damp tourist destinations within the uk are going into decline. in an attempt to overcome this climatic inadequacy, sites such as Blackpool have relied increasingly on conventional amusements and festive urban illumination strategies to bolster their tourist appeal.

however, as our everyday lives become increasingly ‘supermodern’ with the proliferation of high-tech leisure products, it accordingly becomes harder for the antiquated and generic ‘electronic baroque’ environment of Blackpool to attract and impress visitors. furthermore, this move towards a ‘vegas-on-sea’ model, which has resulted in extensive, generic and contextually irrelevant inland amusements, fails to take advantage of the ocean as a resource for tourism.

Blackpool exists because of this relationship with the sea as it saw exponential growth during the victorian saltwater cure craze. it transformed from a quiet fishing village into a kind of urban laboratory for leisure and pleasure. in order for Blackpool to survive this longstanding trend of declining tourism, a shift away from referential or mimetic programs and a return to a practice of progressive architectural intervention is necessary.

This thesis project rejects the increasing ‘universal sameness’ of leisure urbanisms by employing strategies that intend to optimize local resources by embracing climatic and tidal phenomena. This strategy results in an intervention that begins to blur the land-water interface; activating new leisure based environments.

weathering armatures:new tidal leisuresCapes

JAMes pATrick dixon

18


The only work that will ultimately bring any good to any of us is the work of contributing to the healing of the world – M. williamson

The current global population sits at around 6.8 billion people. There are approximately 20,000 hospitals worldwide serving our global population, which clearly is not enough. in canada, the current population is 33.8 million people, with 830 acute care hospitals. with over 10% of the canadian Gdp spent on healthcare, and around 30% of that spent on hospitals, we are far from prepared for the impact of the aging baby-boomer generation on our healthcare infrastructure. By 2020, it is anticipated that seniors will make up over 18% of our population, and with the health costs of a senior averaging 5 times more than a younger adult, healthcare spending in our country will increase dramatically. 830 hospitals are not enough to sustain our population today, never mind in 10 years.

in the last decade, three new acute care hospitals were completed in ontario. There are currently 28 projects underway. As students of architecture, it is quite likely that we will be working in the healthcare field, and not even know it. why? Because architecture schools oftentimes omit healthcare architecture from their curricula.

canada currently has zero schools offering programs in healthcare design. sure, it is complex, challenging, and sometimes dry, but there is no other form of architecture that literally impacts life and death. our weakest and most emotional moments happen in a hospital, and architecture and design have an impact on every single one of these. There is no other institution that literally impacts every single citizen of our country in one form or another.

A Visual Primer to Hospital Design aims to provide students and those with no background in healthcare design a glimpse into this complex and fascinating world. An entirely visual companion to hospital design, the primer offers an introduction to a selection of related topics under the healthcare design umbrella in order for the reader to appreciate just how vast the field actually is, and shed some light on the opportunity for great and challenging design within healthcare.

a visual primer to hospital design

Advisor: rodolphe el-khoury

MAGdAlenA doBranowski

20



Toronto’s ‘inner’ suburbs—scarborough, etobicoke, and the yorks—are dominated by a single family housing model that was designed for a middle-class uniformity of occupancy. however, the combined forces of increased economic polarization, continued suburban expansion in the GTA, and renewed interest in downtown living have dissipated this intended demographic, leaving many of these housing zones as vacuum spaces within the larger city. for 30 years, swaths of Toronto’s suburban fabric have become increasingly lower income, yet they have remained locked in the socio-spatial paradigm of the postwar middle class.

This thesis addresses this discrepancy by proposing a redeployment of the suburban fabric’s most abundant resource, land, for new economic purpose. focusing on the low-density housing zones between avenues, it proposes a spatial and social transition distinct from the urbanization strategies currently being pursued in relation to suburban tower clusters and shopping centres, and asks how these marginal spaces might be reconceived as a type of enclosed hinterland within the city. operating at the scale of the city as well as the scale of the street, this thesis carefully studies the spatial pattern of the subdivision in order to propose a system that would allow for the incremental transformation of territory to productive purposes without any reduction in urban density.

complementing the urban-scale proposal, this thesis also posits a new public building type that acts as a catalyst in this transformation—the productive landscape centre. This building acts as nexus of exchange along the four major axes of food, energy, technology, and labour, acting as a distribution point of knowledge and assistance to the renewed subdivision, and as a collection point for the neighbourhood’s productive output for export and sale to the larger city. part community centre, part resource depot, the productive landscape centre combines education, community, and local economic empowerment into a single shared space, and becomes the focal point of transformed neighbourhood.

suBdivision renewal: unloCking the produCtive landsCape

BenJAMin feldman

22


Blindness

Modernists upheld glass as a heroic material, a material capable of democratizing while simul-taneously bringing us closer to nature. however, as glass quickly became the dominant building material of the 20th century some of its seeming virtues became its faults. with a myriad of new surfaces being sheathed in glass it raised the question of how much one really wanted to be able to see. There appeared to be altogether too much vision and this glut of voyeurism lead to a deep seated anxiety about glass. however, glass in conjunction with a new wave of technology, that in various ways encouraged voyeurism, lead to a shift in these anxieties. The original anxiety with the profusion of glass was that someone could be watching you. one could now argue that the new contemporary anxiety is that instead no one is watching you.

Too much vision has led to a blindness. Blind lady Justice, a contemporary derivative of the Greek Goddess of Justice, Themis, is blind for the sake of democracy. courts of law must walk a fine line between protection and equality: between safety and unbiased blindness. Through the design of a courthouse i aim to create a central moment of literal and metaphorical blindness from which the rest of the building peels off in strata of circulation that offers layers of protection and safety but also offers moments of visual confrontation. i hope to use strategies that both soothe and play up anxieties surrounding glass: anxieties that work with our expectations and desires of being watched and of being forgotten. in this courthouse glass is deployed as a questioning device in which each of the user groups is being prepared for their participation in the courtroom. By being asked to question how their vision is being constituted and how their blindness is being enacted the users are effectively being confronted with the central problem of justice, the problem of objectivity.

Advisor: dieter Janssen

chrisTinA BernAdeTTe gray

24



This thesis is a recovery of public trust in heritage Architecture. in Buenos Aires, capital city of Argentina, heritage Architecture has always exclusively served the governing elite. Behind the impermeable opacity of these buildings, this elite betrayed the public it represents through economical and political failure for its own gain. This corrupt elite’s exclusive access to heritage architecture also inspired opportunistic real estate and betrayal of the public’s history and culture. By negative association, the public’s distrust in this elite generated an active distrust in the architecture that serves it. recovering public trust in heritage architecture then necessitates a recovery of public trust in the governing elite that this architecture is associated with. Turning heritage architecture inside out, by exposing the opaque functions of this elite while at the same time supporting ancillary public functions, will render this governing elite vulnerable to the public it represents. This vulnerability challenges distrust in such an elite and the heritage spaces serving it.

retrust

fABiAn AuGusTo grieCo

26


reBirth of the speCtaCle and its urBan outreaCh

cricket is a bat-and-ball team sport that originated in england, possibly as early as 1300. canada has a long association with the ancient and noble sport of cricket, going back to the year 1785, when the earliest known reference to the game in the dominion was made regarding matches played at ile-ste-helene in the province of Quebec. By the time canada became a nation in 1867 the game was so popular that it was declared the national sport of the fledging country by prime Minister sir John A. Macdonald. The transition of the game from the British elite to masses was not smooth, hence the game literally vanished after being reached to its apex. The mental map of cricket being a village sport has worked against the urban recognition. This thesis will strive to build a connection between the stadia and the neighborhood that will help the cultural development of the rural game of cricket.

Advisor: Barry sampson

AwAis hamid

28


Advisor: meg graham

named for the rail corridors that pass through its fabric, the Junction neighbourhood is one of Toronto’s historical centers of production, storage, and distribution. former home of the largest stockyard in ontario and a robust collection of manufacturing facilities, the industrial remnants of the Junction are beginning to disappear as the westward push to densify and develop manifests in the neighbourhood.

over the last decade, a huge swath of formerly industrial land has been developed into a big box power center. while the center functions as an amenity to the surrounding community, its physical presence continues to adhere to the institutional scale and planometrically expansive logic of the old industrial junction. in order to grow in a healthy and urbanistic way, the process of reforming the Junction will require a new type of logic, and more human-scaled approach.

Mitigating between the history of the site and the often conflicting interests of development and urbanism, this proposal utilizes self storage as a tool to create a new junction. Though akin to the architecturally banal and highly lucrative big box land uses, self storage is personal. collapsing seemingly discordant land uses, and using self-storage as an economic and physical foundation, this project creates a junction based on adjacencies, not just in plan, but sectionally and programmatically.

re-forming the JunCtion

hAyley kyle imerman

30



energy conscious design is an intrinsic part of the field of architecture today. we do not look upon a building and announce proudly that it stands up; it is assumed that it has inherent structural capacity. so why would saving energy be any different? complex rating systems, such as leed, compartmentalize what are robust and highly interconnected ambitions of buildings. By focusing on a point-by-point basis, sustainable strategies are often compromised; critical paths of effect are not always considered and therefore severed through the process of value engineering in order to meet a point based tally system. Ancient Greeks expressed structural performance in their temples by introducing an apparent bulge to stone columns, emphasizing the force that the members bore. how would sustainable features allow themselves to be expressed in the skin of a building? is it possible ‘to read’ sustainable performance on the surface of a building? By drawing on a base of sustainability, engineering, and technological expertise in conjunction with the architectural process itself, a methodology towards developing performative building skin solutions can emerge. The emphasis is that these skins must satisfy quantifiable (performance) as well as qualitative (aesthetic) criteria. Through active engagement with parametric software, strict pragmatic measures will dictate ‘self-organized’ output (i.e. patterns).

using the daniels faculty of Architecture, landscape, and design’s recent ambitions for expansion, these ideas are applied. By thinking of the building skin as an organic, living entity, new results can emerge. A new double skin façade system is developed by injecting it with a responsive, living entity—algae. This results in not only a thermally efficient membrane, but also a visually unique building expression.

thinking skins:parametriC transformations

holly Jordan

32


This thesis proposal transforms Toronto’s subway network as transition points across a full con-tinuum of accessible intergenerational services and activities. Through the lens of subway transit and service accessibility this proposal deals with actively engaging and integrating Toronto’s grow-ing senior population. key hubs will play an important role in maintaining health, independence and quality of life for seniors in Toronto. it will provide seniors with accessible transit, service and activity options, as well as year-round options for other age groups and accessibility needs. The proposal will address new approaches to accessible transit and service environments through circulation, way-finding and intergenerational programming towards an overall inclusive design.

As a component of the new accessible subway network, dufferin station will become a place for interactive recreation. This will serve as a model for creating other accessible intergenerational hubs. Through interactive gaming, seniors and other generations will easily come together to enhance their physical ability and cognitive skills within a fully accessible and supportive building environment.

Advisor: elise shelley

aCCessiBle transitions

Jesse roBerT klimitz

34


Advisor: Christos marCopoulos

Bridges occupy strategic sites within Toronto’s physical anatomy…

Toronto is a city fragmented by ravines and reconnected with bridges. These topographic disrup-tions not only perform as natural amenities, but also impact the city’s network of efficiency. since it is not feasible to construct a bridge along every street many routes are discontinuous, while continuous streets become vibrant urban corridors of retail, culture and transit. in addition, regional infrastructure is able to move uninterrupted through these green gaps in the city fabric. Therefore, ravines and bridges produce a hierarchy of regional infrastructure, continuous urban corridors and discontinuous streets. Bridges occupy strategic sites in this network of efficiency.

Currently these bridges perform as purely infrastructural devices…

Bridges serve the city as pure, massive infrastructure, but their strategic location prompts a re-eval-uation of their potential role in the urban realm. existing bridge infrastructure produces efficiency through separation of regional infrastructure and urban corridors. By creating a vertical permeabil-ity, bridges could enable further efficiency through connectivity. Through the insertion of flexible public amenities, bridges could become conductors as well as conveyors. what if bridges were seen as armatures for a new connective public amenity?

What if existing bridges were seen as armatures for a new connective public amenity?

This new connective public amenity could combine [A] a vertical commuter hub that connects regional and local modes of transportation (Transferium) with [B] a functionally-indeterminate semi-public venue (Cultural Incubator). The Transferium creates an efficient vertical infrastructure of parking, elevators, and access to public transit. The Cultural Incubator is resolved as a sloping spiral terrace that offers leisurely circulation between the bridge deck, flexible event spaces and the ravine floor. The resultant hybrid produces a meta-infrastructure that optimizes both space and flows in the city.

when green meets grey

BriAn deAn laye

36



When you think about a city, any place, what is it that comes to mind? Surely, it’s not the fact that there are 274 meters from one street to the next or that the sidewalks are exactly 2.5 meters wide. Few talk about the total square footage of the park or the slopping angle of the smallest hill. Instead, one recalls the nagging pain under the left heel and boredom experienced over the seemingly long stretch of concrete facades. One remembers the fresh morning air gently moving over vast soothing green where reflective thoughts are clearest. We reminisce of the city through temporal experiences.

This thesis explores the situationist theory of unitary urbanism where structural and artistic elements are blended together to the point where function and play are indistinguishable. This ideal city delivers fundamental needs in an atmosphere of continuous exploration, and stimulating ambience. european pleasure gardens, carnivals and fairs, and contemporary theme parks are places in society that reflect our desires for play in environments. however, these places are only removed representations of what ought to be integral experiences as part of our contemporary cities. romance, passion, and dynamism have been commoditised as spectacles that substitute the everyday real. The city of faris is a place that substitutes standard euclidean approach of organization and dimensions for the search of the poetic sublime.

“i take my desires for reality because i believe in the reality of my desires”

– Anonymous graffiti, paris 1968

esMond lee

City of faris

38



The anthropocene describes the present geologic epoch in which the activities of humankind had become a significant geological and morphological force. The term was proposed by paul crutzen to emphasize the central role of humankind in geology and ecology, evidenced by the sheer number, intensity, and speed of impacts by human activities on earth and atmosphere across all scales. our influence is predicted to remain for thousands or millions of years.

This thesis proposal challenges the divide between humanity and nature, and considers humanity and its activities as normal to nature in their equated abilities to affect earth. unlike natural forces, humanity has interests and in retrospect requires an agenda. so what is a symbiotic relationship like, between previously divided humanity and nature, to achieve a constructed environment that is mutually beneficial and productive?

Because of global climate change, the permanent ice pack of the Arctic is shrinking in extent and bulk despite its seasonal freeze-thaw cycle. shorter shipping routes like the northwest passage will be navigable for longer periods and with less obstructions. it is then expected that there will be a change of economic patterns and interests, redistribution of wealth, and uprise of seasonal migration as the majority of shipping is diverted to northern waters. The design thesis will anticipate these changes in being a prophecy, hypothesis, and precursor to further development in the north.

There is a long-established presence in the north with native settlements and their way of life. further occupation as a response to shipping interests will need to acknowledge and reconcile with the existing population. facilities like shipping ports lack a social dimension that towns even with extrinsic cultures may provide, and otherwise have to rely on dislocated lifestyles demanded by work. common between these disparate populations is their transience: mariners relocate as work dictates, and native peoples sustained themselves by habitually relocating to wherever there were abundant resources, doing so still to complement their livelihoods in permanent towns. Transience is a way to mutually acclimatize these different populations, and as a way to build a symbiosis between populations, and between people and place.

Building in the anthropoCene

JuliAnA hoi MinG lee

40



Toronto has a long history of waterfront development. Massive reclamation projects have continuously reshaped the shoreline, especially along the edge of the city’s once natural harbour. while this development has been ongoing across the entire coast of Toronto, the reshaping of the inner harbour has slowed over the past forty years as the city sprawled outwards into suburbia. during that time the city’s interest in the harbourfront diminished. only recently, due to the growing concerns regarding the sustainability of suburban living, has Toronto turned its attention back to the harbourfront as a key area in the densification of a growing downtown core. A surge of development proposals, including projects by internationally renowned firms such as west 8, MvvA, and field operations, have begun to line the waterfront’s shoreline. it is within this context of recent proposals and the long history of shoreline manipulation that my project explores the possibility of urban development through the creation of islands in Toronto’s harbour.

Blue toronto

chiA yinG eMily lin

42


Advisor: pina petriCone

in a recent online interview with eric owen Moss, he says “a truly iconic building would be a build-ing that obligates the people who see it, live in it, work in it, pass by it, to look at it and understand it that there are things they understand and things they don’t. so in an emotional way for some maybe, an intellectual way for others, it would stretch the capacity of the people who see it or think about it, to understand it in a more open way or in a different way what the possibilities are.” The thesis strives to extend the virtue of an existing iconic building by embracing Toronto’s plans for urban intensification.

making ed honest

Mu yi leo lin

44



if architects designed a building like a body, it would have a system of bones and muscles and tendons and a brain that knows how to respond. if a building could change its posture, tighten its muscles and brace itself against the wind, its structural mass could literally be cut in half.

– Guy nordenson

responsive swarm arChiteCture

dAvid long

46


tunaBle sound Cloud

in today’s generation of architecture we design for multi-purpose environments. program and use of space change at a rate that designing immanent environments seems obsolete.

while our spatial experience is transient and unique to our senses, we don’t design our environments dynamic enough to accommodate this phenomenon. for example, looking at acoustic properties of performance halls or any domestic environment, the sound properties of these spaces are so generically designed that our auditory senses are rarely stimulated.

in this research i am proposing the Tunable sound cloud: a responsive acoustic system that interacts with its environment and transforms to stimulate our auditory senses with enhancing our acoustic experience in interior spaces.

This system is designed with a double layered suspended structure [actuated with linear actuators and stepper motors] and layered with a responsive surface actuated with memory alloy materials to control sound behavior.

This architectural application is being designed and researched as a flexible + customizable modular system to be utilized in lecture halls, music performance halls, commercial spaces or domestic environments. The Tunable sound cloud’s intention is to change the way architects/acousticians design interior spaces. The goal is to allow for designing spaces with dynamic components to stimulate our senses. This project uses acoustics as a dynamic element of architecture.

Advisors: Christos marCopoulos / Carol moukheiBer

MAni mani

48


it is now believed that the armchair pirate and patisserie fat cat, udo proksch, may have in fact faked his own death during open heart surgery in 2001. he was serving a life sentence for a major insurance fraud in 1977 that left six people dead at sea. A recent elevation in pirate activity involving arms deals appears to link a private estate in the Maldives to the “late” proksch. The notorious viennese was the owner of demel, the imperial and royal court confectionary Bakery founded in 1786 in vienna, and conveniently located above the by-invitation-only club 45, an exclusive lounge frequented by europe’s upper most crust.

it has taken years to get even the slightest glimpse into this world that seems as fictitious as it is true. A map of the estate and its surroundings was generated through the patient collection and analysis of the fragments of disparate experiences of the space. The evidence comprises transcripts of tapped phone calls, witness interrogations and very limited photographic evidence. it is still debatable whether this estate is in fact the location of a pirate enclave or just an eccentric billionaire’s pleasure palace.

looking for proksCh


AnToine morris

50


Advisor: an te liu

polis; or the seCtional City

To the extent that it has been codified or devised, urban order has been described and enforced planometrically. The history of our active intervention in the city is an history told in plan. And yet in a time of rapid global urbanization, an era of cities that are increasingly dense and vertical, the plan can no longer adequately define the city. And while the section has largely been ignored as a realm of urban explanation or exploration, it seems that in these circumstances, some recourse to the section is required. But how is it that we speculate on and test the sectional city?

And so: polis, a city where the plan has never existed. A city with its own origin and stories and myths, but a city wholly reliant on the section for its organization, its logic and its representation. simultaneously a kind of ur-city and a concentrated testing ground for sectional urbanisms. polis is home to a series of sectional aphorisms, legalistic, fantastical, banal, impossible, generic; there are places in polis where the ground plane rises and falls every day like the tide, places where buildings grow in and out of each other as they grow upward, places where ownership is allotted in vertical packets rather than plots, and so on. polis is that place where conceits of section have been enacted on urbanism. polis, the sectional city.

evAn BrAdley moses

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shopping has reinvented itself to remain successful amidst the army of subtle changes in our material culture. in the past decade alone we have seen the retail typology transform in radically different ways both physically and technologically, however with the expediency of virtual shopping comes the loss of physical space. This project explores a hybridized model for the distribution of people and goods.

By capitalizing on this strategy it is possible to provide a new level of convenience and reinvigorated retail experience, creating a contemporary solution to a historical problem.

retail amBush


krisTen nakamura

54



how to approach an ailing infrastructure nearing structural obsolescence that holds particular cultural value? The lions Gate Bridge is vancouver’s most troubled, yet cherished public works project. long an impediment to mobility in an urban environment forced to negotiate difficult geography and also soon to be structurally obsolete, as it nears the age of 70, the bridge’s cultural value and sensitive siting demand strategies not yet considered.

The longevity of the lions Gate, in preserving an ineffective vital organ of the city long past its time, has gifted vancouver the opportunity to enact a new set of strategies not possible nor popular in years preceding. its intangible value has enabled the lions Gate to outlast modernist proposals of 8 lane bridges, tunnels and parkways, thus setting the stage for an evolved approach to infrastructure and mobility at an acutely sensitive position in vancouver’s urban fabric.

This thesis negotiates this complex site while adopting a perspective critical of past infrastructural strategies in an intent to provide an infrastructure that is multivalent, opportunistic, and prosthetic in nature. The resultant project explores this intent through a merging of previously disparate networks to both resuscitate ailing public projects in addition to forming new, unexpected ecologies and experiences.

Convergent infrastruCturesstrategies for infrastruCtural oBsolesCenCe

peTer BJorn odegaard

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“what exactly is the mode of existence of social relationships? ... The study of space offers an answer according to which the social relations of production have a social existence to the extent that they have a spatial existence; they project themselves into a space, becoming inscribed there, and in the process producing that space itself.” (Henri Lefebvre, The Production of Space)

The city of Toronto is in the process of revitalizing existing public housing projects which have proven to be unsuccessful, primarily due to factors of isolation and alienation from society. unused public spaces, poor building conditions, and physical barriers depict an environment in which, to most observers, is a symbol of poor quality of life, poverty and crime. Although this is seen to be true, another less tangible aspect of these neighbourhoods often left overlooked is the intense strength and attachment of the community members to their environment. perversely, it is the isolation created by modernist planning principles that has allowed inhabitants to feel so attached to their neighbours and the spaces they have adapted to their needs.

revitalization initiatives in Toronto introduce deconcentration tactics to create socially mixed communities, a result of public-private partnerships and neoliberal forces. As currently being seen in the regent park community revitalization plan, a variety of housing typologies, retail services and improved community centres are being implemented. however, the improvement of the physical environment entails a phasing out of existing community spaces and dweller displacement. The question yet to be answered is how can the essence of the community be maintained? will those who have been displaced be able to experience the same community strength and social networks they had before they left?

Can community revitalization exist without displacement?

This thesis examines these questions in relation to the lawrence heights community in Toronto, the next community to undergo revitalization. i argue that existing public housing projects offer significant community elements, both spatial and social, and this thesis uses them as a framework for revitalization within the context of the chosen community.

Community revitalization without displaCement

Advisor: adrian BlaCkwell

cArlA pATriciA pareJa

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metropolitan eCotone

new york is a city surrounded by water, yet it makes no attempt to fully interact with its waterfront. There is a precise border line separating land and water resulting in the ultimate neglect of its most precious waterfront areas. The Brooklyn bridge waterfront is an example of such neglected spaces. facing the east river, the site is the result of an industrial past that is left underutilized, offering no vitality or interconnection of land and water.

Metropolitan ecotone aims to redefine the human relationship to water in this urban context. it attempts to re-imagine the waterfront edge as the interstitial space where various systems collide, superimpose, or react to create a new condition. The proposal perceives the constructed landscape as a living machine that is attuned to the natural process of the tides. The topography within this site is calibrated so it embraces the incoming flow of water from the river creating a grid of possibilities which include recreation, ecology and production; transforming a condition of flux and uncertainty into opportunity. part infrastructure, part landscape, this liquid environment becomes a shifting exchange point between water systems, ecological habitats and human users offering wet spaces clean enough for public interaction at the same time re-invigorating the surrounding urban tissue. A hydrologic prototype is created which offers an alternative to urban interface with water while emphasizing the urgent need for small scale didactic development that bring attention to environmental conditions and climate change.


GolnAz susAn rakhshan

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CommerCial tissues

The new commercial tissues along dr. (doctor) satrio Avenue are designed with an intention to become a node of connection within the neighborhood. dr. satrio Avenue is located at the centre of the business district in Jakarta, capital city of indonesia. despite its prestigious location, the site is constantly overwhelmed by traffic problems and social segregation issues. next to 8-lane traffic with a 14-meter median strip, we often find a low income residential community competing with thriving high-rise commercial buildings and mushrooming modern shopping malls.

in an ever changing condition of developing city, one thing that remains consistent is the existence of traditional markets. Traditional markets in indonesia, specifically in Jakarta, are often identified by the following characteristics: highly mobile, temporary, low maintenance, small in scale and size, and well adapted to the surrounding neighborhood and climate. These characteristics guarantee the markets’ life long survival and they are the heart of the new design proposal.

secondly, the emerging Busway system has also been considered as an integral part of the design. Busway system, managed by Trans Jakarta, is a government funded transportation system introduced in 2007 to ease the out of control growth of private mini bus operation services. Busway system operates like a subway system on the ground. it has a dedicated bus lane which represents subway railway and each bus station has paid access turnstiles. Most of the stations are located in the middle of a median strip of an avenue or boulevard with a sky cross walk for pedestrian access to/from the ground of both sidewalks.

finally, a collective of dr. satrio commercial Tissues is formed by stitching elements of traditional consumption culture into the existing Busway infrastructure and the city’s under-utilized median strip parks along the avenue. The project recognizes not only the potential of local consumption tradition in becoming a node of connection in a rapid uneven growth of urban community, but also provides the opportunity of celebration for the ingenuity of local tradition and culture.


ModA samsam

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TAryn elissA sheppard

“The stronger the identity, the more it imprisons, the more it resists expansion, interpretation, renewal, contradiction. Identity becomes a lighthouse—fixed, overdetermined: it can change its position or the pattern it emits, only at the cost of destabilizing navigation.”

– rem koolhaas, The Generic city

The architecture of st. John’s, newfoundland, tells the story of a rich but tumultuous political history. eras of political strife, economic growth and struggle, religion, and national identity stand manifested in the skyline. however, it is only in recent more prosperous times that a conscious effort has been made to assert an architectural identity, collectively as a city. rem koolhaas uses the metaphor of a lighthouse to explain his idea about the isolation and constraints brought about by strict adherence to maintaining local architectural style—the regional—the vernacular. in the case of this thesis, however, the lighthouse is also read as an icon of the Quaint seaside village—the picturesque: a pleasant, static and inoffensive/ineffective thing. This typology, while marketable and palatable to the tourist, is a construct, one that the city of st. John’s is attempting to profit from. This thesis calls into question this approach to ‘reviving’ and asserting an architectural identity and suggests that in fact there may be conspicuous origins to the characteristics called ‘local.’ undertaking the project of generating identity opens the door to questions of authenticity, ownership, and truth. i suggest that there may be other non-linear qualities that inform local design, and that regional doesn’t necessarily have to be synonymous with certain hand-picked historical precedents. The proposal is to occupy several sites that lie vacant between an iconic heritage-status neighborhood and an industrial dock that provides services to the offshore oil industry. These under-used sites have an uncertain nature, not quite as precious as the old Battery neighborhood nearby, but yet too irregular in topography for industrial use. The program is mixed-use, and addresses a shortage of small-scale affordable housing and office space in the downtown.

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the ‘lighthouse’ identity: deBasing manufaCtured heritage in st. John’s,

newfoundland


addiCted Body politiC

seen as one of society’s ills, drug use has been condemned to the solitary confinement of back alleys in dilapidated neighbourhoods. The act and its people are deemed better left unseen to the point where, from yorkville to Gastown, they are eventually paved over in the name of gentrification. users are often insurgent citizens, using the public realm for their private needs. They do, however, demand attention as they search for a personal equilibrium as they struggle for the mere right to exist. The life of an addict is thus socially, medically and politically complex.

in spite of or because of this, they come together in a unique way: always as individuals yet always as a community, and always in search of a safe space.

Advisor: adrian BlaCkwell

roBerT dAvid shostak

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arChiteCture as thermal interfaCe


in the discipline of architecture there are two distinct ways to approach a design challenge; the physical and the experiential. The aim of the project is to propose a new way of looking at architecture, beyond mere buildings and beyond the modernist ideals. To generate an architectural prototype that relates to individual’s sensory responses as they come in contact with a particular space.

Temperature becomes a design element and temperature variation and the formulation of micro-climates become the means of defining spatial boundaries of the project. The idea of the project is to create an experimental live-laboratory centre of climate investigation in the heart of city of Toronto’s dundas square. The aim of the project is to activate the place by changing its existing climate conditions through the formulation of micro-climates onto the site. A large suspended solar canopy uses cellular automaton in order to perform a self-organized system that responds to climate and other various elements and activities of the site. The intention of the project is to achieve a compromise between what exists—climate condition, architecture and social activi-ties—and the new elements that transform the space in order to achieve better environmental, spatial and social quality. The project, therefore, acts as a liquid intervention. To connect the square to its surrounding activities and to maintain its level of activity in cold climate seasons through the formulation of micro-climates. The project evolves from very metamorphic idea to sensual architec-ture. The users are the ones who choose the best environmental conditions for themselves in order to create more possibilities of taking advantage of the site.

nooshin taleBiani

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frontier, again.adaptive arCtiC networks

vALEriE tam



“Frontier is not a neighborhood. It is a gap, a ferment, an interface.” – Marshall Mcluhan1

ferment: noun1 : a living organism (as a yeast) that causes fermentation by virtue of its enzymes2 a : a state of unrest : agitation b : a process of active often disorderly development2

in 1968 Marshall Mcluhan founded a newsletter called The McLuhan Dew Line, which was intended to be a “startling, shocking early warning system for our era of instant change.”3 The actual dew line (distant early warning line) was a network of 63 radar monitoring stations running approximately 300 km north of the Arctic circle. it stretched from the Aleutian islands of Alaska through Arctic canada to the icecaps of Greenland, spanning nearly 6000 km. Built during the cold war between 1955 and 1957, the dew line was designed as north America’s first defense against ‘over the pole’ attacks from soviet forces.

The transformations wrought by climate change are nowhere more evident than in the Arctic. As a result, new maritime routes have been charted and national territorial borders are being redrawn. how does one address both macro changes and their micro consequences? re-imagining an Arctic frontier for an uncertain future while tackling exceptionally particular site conditions necessitates a simultaneous exploration of both the generic and specific. This project strives to leverage the advantages of investigations at these inherently contradictory scales to develop new networks appropriate for this changing landscape.

1 The Mcluhan dew line, volume 1, number 1. human development corp, new york: July 1968.2 http://www.merriam-webster.com/3 The Mcluhan dew line, volume 1, number 2. human development corp, new york: August 1968.

(image: cocroft, wayne d and Thomas, roger J.c. cold war : building for nuclear confrontation 1946-1989. swindon : english heritage, 2003.)

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manufaCturing mixed use

JiN XiNG tang



china’s economy and its global influence rest heavily upon its manufacturing sector. This thesis ex-plores the idea of integrating the manufacturing sector with china’s current urban mixed use model.

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CuBe2

diANA tiBurCio



The ambition of the thesis began as an effort to blur the boundary between our physical bodies & cyberspace—fusing physical automation with free form computer design methods. By bridging digital design and physical construction into one concurrent process, a scheme can be manipulated and transformed within physical space, similar to the method of manipulation performed within the computer. The result is a responsive approach to the way building tectonics can perform and adapt, and demonstrates a new form of building system which is completely malleable to its use.

using the Hoberman Sphere as a precedent object, the thesis translates this radial expanding sphere into cube form, lending itself as a rectilinear space-forming medium which can expand and contract to accommodate desired scenario conditions from lighting and climatic adaptation to more artistic applications as an installation piece.

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haloing spaCes

JiMMY tran

Advisor: Christos marCopoulos


in Architecture of the well-tempered environment, reynard Banham presents a parable about the savage tribe who is presented with a supply of timber. The tribe has two options to create a suitable environment of inhabitation. The first solution is to use the wood to build a structure for protection against wind and rain—the structural solution. The alternate solution is to use the wood to create a campfire—the power-operated solution.

civilizations have generally opted for the structural solution, and thus we visualize space as we have lived in—through walls, floors and ceilings. however, societies that do not build permanent structures have usually grouped their activities around a central focus such as a water hole, shade tree, or camp fire. in the camp fire, the output of heat and light are arranged in concentric rings, and activities are organized accordingly, with sleep taking place on the darker outside, and activities requiring light taking place closer to the center, and all activities generally avoid being on the side downwind of the smoke.

Many factors contribute to the character and use of our environment. My thesis attempts to create different programs, uses, and experiences without the specific arrangement walls, floors, or ceilings. using light as the material, i create a space that contains zones and conditions similar to Banham’s campfire.

when my space is uninhabited, it is a space void of activity, void of light, and void of context.when my space is inhabited by a single person the lighting of the room interacts with this person’s physiological and psychological state measured through a neural impulse sensor worn by the inhabitant of the space. The room creates a halo of light according to the person’s behaviour and temperament, and the person can consciously interact with this halo, treating it as an extra limb of his/her body or an extension of his/her psyche.

As more people enter the room, each person creates their own halo. each person’s halo follows them as they traverse the space, providing a new form of bio-feedback and self expression. The halo of light and colour acts as a new form of body language, giving each person a heightened state of self-awareness and sends visual cues to others about each person’s emotional and psychological state.

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spatial exChangean investigation of the interstitial Border of

windsor detroit

dANiELLE KALEN whitley



Globalization has transformed our spatial experience by improving means of transportation and communication, bringing people closer together and facilitated movement across time and space. As described by Marc Auge, this super-modern condition generates non-places, places of transi-tion such as highways and waiting rooms where individuals are disengaged from their immediate surroundings. “non-place alludes to a sort of negative quality of space; an absence of place from itself.”1 how does one develop an attachment to his/her surroundings across a trajectory of spaces? The experience of passage is aptly typified by the negotiation of boundaries. This thesis investigates the interstitial space of passage at the windsor detroit border.

By envisioning the borderland as a territory rather than a finite line demarcating territory, the transi-tional space can be regarded as an opportunity for exchange and partnership between canada and the us. The neighbouring countries share the longest un-militarized border as well as the largest bilateral trade relationship in the world.2 The detroit-windsor Tunnel is among the busiest ports of entry and handles upwards of 29,000 vehicles per day of which 97% is local commuter traffic originating within the region.3 This thesis seeks to explore the potential for redevelopment of the tunnel infrastructure by expanding the routes of passage and developing program components such as a pedestrian network, ferry terminal, commercial block and conference centre that reinforce exchange and reciprocity. The borderland is explored with regards to duration of experience and varied levels of delay from a 10-minute commute to a day-long visit. The architectural intervention seeks to offer a spatial rather than policy oriented approach to border management.

1 Auge, M. (1995). non-places: introduction to an anthropology of supermodernity. new york: verso.2 sands, c. (2009). Toward a new frontier: improving the us-canada border. washington: Metropolitan policy program Brookings institute.

3 detroit windsor Tunnel llc (2009). Tunnel history. Accessed september 2009 at http://www.dwtunnel.com/content.aspx?p=history/about-us

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harvest highway:adapting the 20th Century infrastruCture

sANdY LAi sHAN wong



in 1973, there was a serious oil shortage due to the outbreak of the Arab-israeli war. The oil-pro-ducing Arab countries imposed an oil embargo to the united states and countries that supported israel. The price of oil, which had already doubled between 1970 and 1973, quadrupled between october 1973 and January 1974. This first oil crisis had immediate and dramatic effects on cities and on the lifestyle of their inhabitants. Automobiles were the initial target of government con-straints. in certain european cities, road traffic became almost non-existent on sundays. The roads were often deserted and rather bleak. schools and offices were forced to close to save on heating oil. factories cut production and laid off workers. petrol pumps were empty. This 1973 oil crisis stimulated architectural and engineering innovations in the quest for renewable energy sources and the goal of using existing resources less wastefully.

in our time too, we will soon witness the collapse of the fossil fuel system. however, it does not mean that the highways will be empty.

rather, the crisis acts as an accelerator of change to the system.

This thesis sees the energy crisis and highly centralized energy infrastructure as an opportunity to make a fundamental change in energy regime. The goal is to acknowledge the potential of existing highway infrastructure and adapt its wasted spatial by-products into energy resources. it intends to ask the questions: can all individuals and communities become the producers as well as the consumers of their own energy, thus a paradigm shift in the current energy regime? how does the newly transformed highway infrastructure generate, transmit and distribute resources?

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dynamiC living

LiLA yavari-issalou



consider the idea of a component-based system for the makeup of urban sites. imagine no fixed structure, but everything is moveable like lego blocks put together to form anything: a living space, work space, or play space. As we evolve, society evolves. new components are created to fit future needs.

imagine urban environments based on this concept. if you move, your house moves with you. But you always have the freedom to sell or buy components. This system then starts drawing similari-ties to nomadic life. we can just move our living spaces with us.

what would a road, rail, or transportation system look like within this idea? perhaps like a system that expands and contracts. Growth is endless, with nodes that connect to look like a web. if need be, the system makes it possible for people to easily move out of an area in every direction, like ripples in the water. it cannot be easily destroyed. each point or node becomes a major part of a city, the downtown cores. The nodes therefore should be permanent, they would be needed as organizational pieces.

essentially all structures are to a certain extent moveable, so that they can be set up in the correct location, for the correct time in people’s lives. They can snap on or off additional pieces to accommodate changing needs.

This is as much an ideal for nomadic lives as it is for the “aging in place.” The concepts are practical to both the building and structural levels of urbanism. Therefore, there are two projects here: an urban and an architectural one, which have to be examined concurrently. And as such, there are two topics of exploration: a technical one and a social one.

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eCologiCal takeovers in large vaCant urBan sites

MArTiN CHAK KWAN yeung



This is an exploration of whether semi-occupied architecture can be reclaimed for use by other species. it tests whether buildings, once partly vacated by humans, can take on another use for other animals or ecosystems. in short, can architecture help foster cross-species adjacencies which benefit both, by way of interactions and observation (human) and through habitat creation and species preservation (animal)?

This study comes at a time where there is mounting ecological evidence of species migration into cities due to habitat loss and agricultural intensification in their original habitats. structural changes in the world economies have also created the parallel condition of large vacated lands within cities. of particular interest is the unused urban airport—such as Berlin’s Tempelhof—which by nature of its building typology possesses the scale and open space required for a genuine ecological reclamation and habitat intensification.

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memorial to 200805121428

rUi zhou

Advisor: pina petriCone


The thesis project is a memorial for the earthquake on May 12th, 2008, in sichuan, china. This memorial design mainly discusses new interpretation of memorials.

The design firstly explores the geographical extensiveness of a memorial. To the specific condition of sichuan earthquake, as vast an area the impacted zone covers, one single memorial is not adequate to represent such a tremendous disaster. Therefore, the theory of a collective memorial is proposed. This memorial essentially is a series of memorials, which are located on multiple sites along the rivers and canals running across the earthquake fault line, in the earthquake zone with intensity of and higher of iMM scale 6. under the same criteria, this collective memorial or these memorials will testify the ‘group effect’ of memorializing devices.

The second exploration of the design is to rethink about as single independent constructions, what temporary memorials would be. Memorial to 200805121428 is not in the forms of any existing memorials, the remains on the sites, graves and cemeteries spontaneously built by local people, statues or obelisks, or museums. it is for memorializing, yet more importantly serves as a functional construction. The memorials reveal the sense of loss for people to recall the changes caused by the earthquake, but also perform as markers and connect the two sides of rivers crossing the fault line. They will be designed as bridges and a piece of recreational river bank. These constructions are inevitable in the local reconstruction process or redevelopment currently or in the future. each design varies by different specific site conditions, but will show correspondence on the aspects of materials and tectonic details.

Memorial to 200805121428 is a memorial design, and as well a project registering an event. Through the exploration of what a memorial could be, a journey has also been taken to understand experiences and memories we have of this earthquake.

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