KKKH4284

PERANCANGAN BANDAR LESTARI

TASK 5

LOCAL AGENDA 21

NAME : DERMA NUR ASHIKIN BT NONG RADZIF

MATRIC NO. : A133212

LECTURERS:

1) Prof. Ir. Dr. RIZA ATIQ ABDULLAH BIN O.K. RAHMAT2) Puan NORLIZA BINTI MOHD AKHIR3) Dr. MUHAMAD NAZRI BIN BORHAN

TASK 5 : LOCAL AGENDA 21

You are given a task by the mayor of your hometown to evaluate and give suggestion on

how to plan the town in accordance with Local Agenda 21. Write a brief report on your

evaluation and suggestion. 

INTRODUCTION

• Local Agenda 21 is a local-government-led, community-wide, and participatory effort to

establish a comprehensive action strategy for environmental protection, economic

prosperity and community well-being in the local jurisdiction or area. This requires the

integration of planning and action across economic, social and environmental spheres.

Key elements are full community participation, assessment of current conditions, target

setting for achieving specific goals, monitoring and reporting. Local agenda 21 are as

follow :

Agenda 21 is a comprehensive plan of action to be taken globally, nationally and locally

by organizations of the United Nations System, Governments, and Major Groups in every

area in which human impacts on the environment.

Resources are used efficiently and waste minimised.

Pollution is limited

The diversity of nature is valued and protected

Where possible, local needs are met locally

Everyone has access to good food, water, shelter and fuel at reasonable cost

Peoples’ good health is protected by creating safe, clean, pleasant environments and

health services which emphasize prevention of illness as well as proper care of the for the

sick.

Access to facilities, services, goods and other people is not achieved at the expense of the

environment or limited to those with cars.

o People live without fear of personal violence from crime or persecution because

of their personal beliefs, race, gender or sexuality

Everyone has the skills, knowledge and information needed to enable them to play a full

part in society.

All sections of the community are empowered to participate in decision-making.

Opportunities for culture, leisure and recreation are readily available to al

Places, spaces and objects combine meaning and beauty with utility. ‘Human’

Settlements in scale and form. Valuing Diversity and local distinctiveness.

Links are developed with other parts of the World.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Green buildings often include measures to reduce energy use. To increase the efficiency of the

building envelope, (the barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space), they may use

high-efficiency windows and insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors. Another strategy, passive

solar building design, is often implemented in low-energy homes. Designers orient windows and

walls and place awnings, porches, and trees to shade windows and roofs. In addition, effective

window placement (day lighting) can provide more natural light and lessen the need for electric

lighting during the day. Solar water heating further reduces energy loads. Onsite generation of

renewable energy through solar power, wind power, hydro power, or biomass can significantly

reduce the environmental impact of the building. Power generation is generally the most

expensive feature to add to a building

WATER EFFICIENCY

Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in sustainable

building. One critical issue of water consumption is that in many areas, the demands on the

supplying aquifer exceed its ability to replenish itself. To the maximum extent feasible, facilities

should increase their dependence on water that is collected, used, purified, and reused on-site.

The protection and conservation of water throughout the life of a building may be accomplished

by designing for dual plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing. Waste-water may be

minimized by utilizing water conserving fixtures such as ultra-low flush toilets and low-flow

shower heads. Bidets help eliminate the use of toilet paper, reducing sewer traffic and increasing

possibilities of re-using water on-site. Point of use water treatment and heating improves both

water quality and energy efficiency while reducing the amount of water in circulation. The use of

non-sewage and grey water for on-site use such as site-irrigation will minimize demands on the

local aquifer.

MATERIALS EFFICIENCY

Building materials typically considered to be 'green' include rapidly renewable plant materials

like bamboo (because bamboo grows quickly) and straw, lumber from forests certified to be

sustainable managed, ecology blocks, dimension stone, recycled stone, recycled metal, and other

products that are non-toxic, reusable, renewable, or recyclable. The EPA (Environmental

Protection Agency) also suggests using recycled industrial goods, such as coal combustion

products, foundry sand, and demolition debris in construction projects. Building materials should

be extracted and manufactured locally to the building site to minimize the energy embedded in

their transportation. Where possible, building elements should be manufactured off-site and

delivered to site, to maximize benefits of off-site manufacture including minimizing waste,

maximizing recycling, high quality elements, less noise and dust.

SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION

Sustainable transportation is seen as transportation that meets mobility needs while also

preserving and enhancing human and ecosystem health, economic progress and social justice

now and for the future.

From the European Union Council of Ministers of Transport, defines a sustainable

transportation system as one that:

Allows the basic access needs of individuals and societies to meet safely and in a manner

consistent.

Is affordable, operates efficiently, offers choice of transport mode and supports a vibrant

economy.

Limits emissions and waste within the planet’s ability to absorb them, minimizes

consumption of non-renewable resources, limits consumption of renewable resources to the

sustainable yield level, reuses and recycles it components and minimizes the use of land and

the production of noise.

SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE

It is an approach to managing rainfall in development that replicates natural drainage. It aims to:

Prevent pollution

Control flooding

Recharge groundwater

Enhance the environment

There are four general design options:

Filter strips and swales

Filter drains and permeable surfaces

Infiltration devices

Basins and pond

PARKING SYSTEM

The parking space should be apply is a permeable parking which allow the infiltration of rain

water into the ground and reduce the surface runoff. The rain water along the road will flow into

the nearest drainage and increase the flow in drainage system. Besides, park and ride system also

suitable to be apply in town because it can encourage citizen to use public transport. Hence,

crisis of parking space can be solved.

WASTE

To create awareness for sustainable life among the community.

organized campaign recycle and reuse in town.

save the electricity and water usage,

avoid printing notes if you can, use both sides of the paper.

campaign anti-polystyrene which is non-degradable.

Apply 3 recyle bins around the town