Student : Anandita Portia M.Sc.3rd Sem. Interior DesignCommercial Space DesignerDezyne E’Cole College , Ajmer

LIGHTING DESIGN In Commercial & Residential Spaces

www.dezyneecole.com

UNITS OF LIGHT

CANDELA

It is equalent to the illumination of one standard candle.

FOOT CANDELA

It is the amount of illumination on a surface from a light source of on candela that is a foot away from the surface.

ONE FOOT CANDELA =1 Lumen /Square foot

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UNITS OF LIGHT

ONE LUX

Is the amount of illumination created by a light source of one candela which is one meter away from the surface .

1LUX=1 Lumen /Square meter

LIGHTING CALCULATION

ACTIVITY FOOT CANDLES LUX

Hall ways 5-7 55-75

Entertaining 10-20 110-215

Dinning 10-20 110-215

Easy reading 20-50 215-540

Bathroom 20-50 215-540

Kitchen basic lighting 20-50 215-540

Kitchen food preparation

50-100 540-1075

Difficult reading writing

50-100 540-1075

General workshop lighting

50-100 540-1075

Fine or detailed work 100-200 1075-2150

COLOR TEMPERATURE

OUTDOOR / INDOOR

Color temperature is a characteristic of visible light . In practice , color temperature is only meaningful for light sources that do in fact correspond somewhat close to the radiation of some black body.

The color temperature of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from an ideal black body is defined as its surface temperature in KELVINS.

Color temperature over 5,000k are called cool colors (blueish white), white lower color temperature (2,700-3,000K)are called warm colors (yellowish white through red).

COLOUR TEMPERATURE

OUTDOOR / INDOOR

Colour Temperature

Defined as the tone of light or how the light looks in terms of whiteness.

Higher the colour temperature =white / cooler the light source.

Unit measurement = Kelvin (K)

COLOUR

TEMPERATURE

The color rendering index (CRI)

Sometimes called rendition index, is a quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reproduce the colour of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source.

Colour rendering: Effect of an illuminant on the colour appearance of objects by conscious or subconscious comparison with their colour appearance under a reference illuminant.

Finishes should be evaluated under the type of lamp (lamp and / or daylight) which will actually be used in the interiors.

Colour rendering depends on lamp colour spectrum, reflective property of surfaces and context and condition in room.

Judgment of apparent surface colour depends also on the experience and expectations of an individual with normal colour vision.

DAYLIGHTCOOL LIGHTWARM LIGHT

LIGHTING FIXTURES

Light fixture is integral part of building electrical system , transforming energy into usable illumination.

Light fixture requires: electrical connection (power supply), lamp holder , lamp (design to diffuse, reflect , focus light ).

Form of lighting fixture , lighting source, light illumination: point sources, linear sources , planar sources, volumetric sources.

LIGHTING LUMINAIRE

An assembly used to house one or more light sources. Also called lighting fixture.

1. Luminaries

2. Light lamp

3. Light socket

4. Light switch

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Classification of Luminaries

Recessed

Ceiling Mounted

Track Mounted

Wall Mounted

Suspended

Wall washer

Ceiling Washer

Spot light

Architectural

Portable

Pole mounted

Bollard

Outdoor

Up light

Down Light

Floor washer

Classification of Luminaries

Categories of Luminaries

Direct: 90%-100% download

Semi direct: 60%- 90% download

General diffuse: 40%-60% both download and upward

Direct-indirect: little light is emitted in the horizontal plane.

Semi-indirect: providing 60%-90% of its output upward.

Indirect: providing 90%-100% of its luminous output upward.

POINT LIGHT SOURCE

FOCUS ON OBJECT OR AREA GREATBRIGHTNESS CONTRAST HIGHLIGHT, SPARKLE OR RHYTHM

LINEAR LIGHT SOURCE

GIVE DIRECTION , OUTLINE SHAPES EMPHASIZE THE EDGES

PLANAR LIGHT SOURCE

SURFACE REPETEAD LINEAR DIFFUSED ILLUMINATION OF AREA

VOLUMETRIC LIGHT SOURCE

LIGHT AS VOLUMETRIC ILLUMINATION EXPANDED THROUGH THREE-DIMENSIONALFORM OF LAMPS

Light source

Light holder connect tosupply

Design of lamp

TYPES OF LIGHTING

General Lighting

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Accent Lighting

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Decorative Lighting

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Task Lighting

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Kinetic Lighting

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Wall washer

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Ceiling washer

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Floor washer

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Spot lights

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Up lighters

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Down lighters

TYPES OF LIGHTING

Cantilevers

ARTIFICAL LIGHT SOURCES

Incandescent Lamps Fluorescent Lamps High – Intensity Discharge Lamps Mercury Lamps Metal Halide Lamps High Pressure Sodium Lamps Low Pressure Sodium Lamps Electrode Less lamps Compact arc xenon & Mercury Lamps Electroluminescent Lamps Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Carbon arc Lamps Gaslights

INCANDESCENT LAMP

WHAT?

Hot wire- filament sealed inA glass jar (bulb)

HOW?

Electric current pass through The wire heats it to incadescence,And the wire emits light.Use standardVoltage circuit.

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Inside the glass is a gas such as argonand/or Nitrogen. At the center of thelamp is a tungsten filament. Electricityheats this filament up to about 2,500degrees Celsius. Just like any hot metal.,the tungsten gets “while hot” at thatheat and emits a great deal of visiblelight in a process called incandescence

INCANDESCENT LAMP

Base

INCANDESCENT LAMP

ADVANTAGES:

Less expensive Easier to dim with rheostats Warmer colour than Fluorescent and

Tungsten-Halogen Lamps Light output is relatively high Excellent colour rendering Can be dimmed

DISADVANTAGES:

ENERGY INEFFICENT SHORT LAMP LIFR TIME WARM SOURCE

INCANDESCENT LAMP

SHAPE OF LAMPS:Around 100 combinations of glass and quartz bulb shapes and sizes.

SYMBOLS:

1st Part =One or more letters indicates the shape of bulb.

2nd Part=Number , indicates diameter of the bulb in eights of an inch.

EXAMPLE: A19 = Arbitrary shaped , 19/8 inch diameter.

INCANDESCENT LAMP

EXAMPLES:

General Lighting Service(GLS)

Parabolic Aluminum Reflector(PAR)

Metal Reflector(MR)

INCANDESCENT LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

BASIC IDENTIFICATION:

1. Small base : Bayonet , Bipin , Candelabra, Intermediate , Miniature ,Mini-candelabra, Twist- and- lock , two –pin

2. Medium Base

3. Large Base: Mogul screw, Mogul bipost

INCANDESCENT LAMP

LAMP LIFE TIME:

1. STANDARD –LIFE LAMP: High temperature for the filament to operates, emits more light , shorter life time-”burns out”

2. LONG-LIFE LAMP: Given wattage produces less light, designed for longer life.

Light produced (LUMENS , Lm)LAMP EFFICIENCY=

Electricity Consumed (WATTS W)

LIGHT OUTPUT: Inset gas (Argon , Nitrogen , Krypton) slow bulb blackening caused by condensation on the bulb wall.

INCANDESCENT LAMP

BULBS ARE SOLD BY WATTS- Measure of power consumed

LUMENS tells how much light lamp emits

HOURS OF OPERATION is produced life-time (750-1000H, up to 2500 H for extended service lamps )

ENERGY SAVING LAMPS- Reduced wattage reduced light output.

INCANDESCENT LAMP

LAMP TYPES:

1. NON DIRECTIONAL (emits light in all directions-A,C,G,P,PS,S and T shapes ,requires additional external elements for brightness , glare and distribution control)

2. SEMI DIRECTIONAL (silver bowl or white bowl lamps, ceiling on inner side of bulb, reduce filament glare)

3. DIRECTIONAL (complete optional systems: source, reflector, lens or filaments shield , R,AR,MR.PAR built0in beam control)

INCANDESCENT LAMP

WHITE BOWLLAMP

SILVER BOWLLAMP

AR LAMP

PAR LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

SEMI DIRECTIONAL

INCANDESCENT LAMP

LEFT: R reflector lamp with soft glass bulb and ellipsoid reflector with moderate focusing power.

RIGHT: PAR reflector lamp with pressed glass bulb and powerful parabolic reflector

DIRECTIONAL

R LAMP PAR LAMP

INCANDESCENT LAMP

TUNGSTEN-HALOGEN

WHAT?

Selected gas of the halogen family

HOW?

Halogen gas combines with tungsten molecules that sputter of the filament deposits tungsten back on the filament and emits constant level of light

TUNGSTEN-HALOGEN

A halogen bulb has a filament made of Tungsten ,which glows when electricity is applied , same as aregular incandescent bulb.

The halogen gas removes the carbon deposits on theinside of the bulb, caused by the burning of thetungsten filament , and redosits it back on to thefilament, resulting in a light bulb which can be burnedat a higher temperature.

TUNGSTEN-HALOGEN

High operating temperature (500C), high colourtemperature

Quartz instead og glass

Equiped with outer bulb, glass cover, mesh screen

TUNGSTEN-HALOGEN

ADVANTAGES:

1. High colour temperature make them “whiter” than standard in candescent lamps

2. Longer life time3. Great efficiency4. Compact in shape and size

They come in many SHAPES and SIZWS, some directional others not , some quite small others the size of regular bulbs , some fit into normal sockets other require special sockets and voltages to work.

TUNGSTEN-HALOGEN

There are many different types of (single ended)TH lamps , the most common ones arethe G9 capsule lamp, GU10 spot lamp and linear halogen lamps which are alldomestic, main voltage, and G4 capsule lam, (integral reflector) MR16 , MR11 spotlamps which are low voltage lamps.

LOW-VOLTAGE LAMPS

LOW-VOLTAGE LAMPS- Incandescent and tungsten- halogen lamps that

operate between 6V and 75V.

Standard building current of 115V-125V must be stepped down by the use oftransformer.

Low-voltage luminaries with integrated transformers are larger in size and bulkier. Practical system is line-voltage equipment.

LOW-VOLTAGE LAMPS

COLOURED LIGHT BULBS

COLOURED CERAMIC ENAMEL

COLOURED FILTERS

HUE (quality in red or green),SATURATION (strength or depth of colour)BRIGHTNESS (quantity of light)

GELATIN FILTERS(“GELS”)

Thin transparent coloured plastic sheet in vide variety of colours , as well asmulticoloured and diffused sheets. Short service life-colour fades rapidly.

INTERFERENCE FILTERTS

One or more layers of ultrathin film coating on clear glass that reflects rather thanabsorb unwanted wavelength. They transmit one colour , and reflect thecomplementary colour.

DISCHARGE LAMPS

WHAT?Gas , phosphor , catode , discharge

HOW?Light is produced by passage an electric current through a vapour or gas , rather than through a tungsten wire as in incandescent lamp.

FLUORSCENT LAMPS

FLUORSCENT LAMPS

The classic fluorescent lamp design , Which has fallen mostly by thewayside, used a special starter switch mechanism to light up the tube.

The conventional starter switch is a small discharge bulb, containingneon or some other gas . The bulb has two electrodes positioned rightnext to each other.When electricity is initially passed through the bypass circuit , anelectricity arc jumps between these electrodes to make a connection .This arc lights the bulb in the same way a larger are light a fluorescentbulb.

FLUORSCENT LAMPS

FLUORSCENT LAMPS

ADVANTAGES: Heat is relatively low Energy efficient range from low grade to high

grade. Long lamp life Usually cool source Control gears

DISADVANTAGES: Colour temperature Require ballast: preheat, instant-start, rapid-

start. Requires controlling elements for glare

control.

FLUORSCENT LAMPS

TYPES:1. Cold cathode2. Hot cathode

SHAPE:1. U-Bent shape2. Circuline3. Compact Fluo-lamps

SHAPE

BALLAST/DRIVER

Equipment required to control the starting and operating voltageof electrical gas discharge light.

Magnetic Ballast(Traditional)

Electronic Ballast

Integrated Ballast(CFL)

Electronic Ballast

High Intensity Discharge

Lamps(HID LAMPS)

Type of electrical gas-discharge lamp which produce light by meansof an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside atranslucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube.

This tube is filled with both gas and metal salt. The gas facilities thearc’s initial strike. Once the arc is stared , it heats and evaporates themetal salts forming a plasma , which greatly increase the intensity oflight produced by the arc and reduces its power consumption . High-intensity discharge lamps are a type of arc lamp.

High Intensity Discharge

Lamps(HID LAMPS)

High Intensity Discharge

Lamps(HID LAMPS)

High Intensity Discharge

Lamps(HID LAMPS)

High Intensity Discharge

Lamps(HID LAMPS)

When energy efficiency and/orlight intensity are desired.These areas includegymnasiums, large publicareas, warehouses, movietheaters, football stadium,outdoor activity areas,roadways, parking lots, andpathways.Ultra-high Performance ()UHPHID lamps are used in LCD or DLP

projection TV sets or projectiondisplays as well.

LED LIGHT

RED and infrared LEDs are made with gallium arsenideBRIGHT BLUE is made with GaN-gallium nitride.WHITE LEDs are made with yttrium aluminum garnet.

There are also Orange, Green , Blue , Violet , Purple , Ultraviolet LEDs.

LED LIGHT

BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING

Benefits of LED Lighting

BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING

LED light are usually around 3mm-8mm long. The small size and profile of the LED light allow them to be used where other light bulbs may not fit

1SIZE

BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING

Where other lights give off more energy by shining in different areas. LED lights only shine in a specific direction becoming more efficient.

2EFFICENCY

BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING

35,000 to 50,000 hours , compared 750 to 2,000 hours for an incandescent bulb, 8,000 to 10,000 hours for a compact fluorescent and 20,000 to 30,000 hours for a linear fluorescent bulb.

3LIFE

BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING

LEDs remain cool. In addition, since they contain no glass components , they are notvulnerable to vibration or breakage like conventional bulbs, LEDs are thus better suited foruse in areas like sports facilities and high-crime locations.

4TEMPERATURE

LED LIGHTING

LEDs are just tiny light bulbs that fiteasily into an electrical circuit. Butunlike ordinary incandescent bulbs,they don’t have a filament that willburn out, and they don’t getespecially hot. They are illuminatedsolely by the movement of electronsin a semiconductor material , andthey last just as long as a standardtransistor . The lifespan of an LEDsurpasses the shot life of anincandescent bulb by thousand ofhours.

LED LIGHTING

LAMPS

Incandescent standard E27

Halogen MR16 GU5.3

LAMPS

Halogen QR111

PLCCompact Fluorescent lamps

LAMPS

Fluorescent CFL Sprial E27Fluorescen MegamanLilliput E27

LAMPS

LED MR 16GU5.3

FluoresenTL(Tubular Lamp)

LAMPS

LED Tubular lampHalogen PARE27

LAMPS

LED Strip LED Strip

LAMPS

LED /PijarFlexi Light

LED Strip (plat)

LED Strip

LED Linestra LED Tape

LAMPS

Fiber Optics

LAMPS

Cold Cathode

THANK YOU.