LGS AO Readiness for 05B

AOWG meetingFebruary 4, 2004

Keck LGS AO team

Presentation Sequence

• Readiness for general observing• Science• Engineering (including milestone 5 success

criteria)• Operations

• Current plans for 05A & 05B• Issues for AOWG• Summary

Proposed new LGS Milestones (March/04)LGS FY Quarter Description Actual

1 03Q4 1st corrected images on NIRC2 w/ laser 9/18/032 Jul/04 2nd level performance/operability criteria met 7/27/043 Sept/04 1st engineering science 6/10/044 Nov/04 1st shared risk science 11/12/045 Jan/05 Readiness review for non-shared risk science6 Aug/05 3rd level performance/operability criteria met7 Sept/05 1st non-shared risk science8 Jan/06 Operations handover requirements review9 Sept/06 Operations handover readiness review

10 ? 1st queue scheduled science observing

Shared-risk Science

Date PI Program Summary11/2/04 Ghez Edge on disks Very successful1/3/05 Max Crab nebula Weathered out

1/4/05 Kulkarni Low mass binariesAll but 1/2-hr weathered out.

Found 2 brown dwarf binaries.

1/26/05 LiuBrown dwarf companions

Very inefficient. Multiple LGS & ACS problems, & clouds.

1/27/05 KulkarniLow mass binaries & galaxies w/supernova

Very successful. Enough science for 3-4 papers.

Engineering SciencePurpose: to demonstrate science capabilities & to test the

system • Egg nebula

• 1.6-3.8 microns imaging of the nebula. Highest angular resolution to date of the nebula. Study of dust extinction and dust model for 2”x2”.

• Galactic center• L-band narrow field: LGSAO showing better performance

than NGSAO for faint NGS. A flare episode was observed & an unknown source was detected.

• K-band wide field: study of young stars in a 80x80arcsec fov. Wide field AO imaging is made possible!

• GOODS field• Deep imaging on a ~40”x40” from GOODS-S field. >60

min integration with homogeneous data quality (SR?). Study of the AGNs.

• + 2 brown dwarf targets & Patroclus

Science Performance Summary

• SR ~30% in Kp on-axis for R<16• SR degradation off-axis

• Isokinetic angle, TSS field curvature & TSS alignment errors• FOV: 40” any PA; 70” for some PA

• SR degrades with fainter R• TT STRAP performance • LBWFS model for high order• Yet need accurate focusing...

• Impact from LGS image quality and return?• ~1.5”x2.0”, R~11 with 10W

• Low overall observing efficiency• For R~15, overall acq. overhead = 15min• For R> 16.5: overhead = 20-25 min• Very much still in a learning curve for operations

• LTC, laser power, DAR performance, etc

04B Engineering Nights

Date Summary08/30/04 1st half successful. Lost 2nd half to laser burn.08/31/04 Successful.09/27/04 1st half successful. Lost 2nd half to laser burn.10/02/04 Successful.10/31/04 Lost to weather.11/01/04 Successful.01/02/05 Lost to weather.01/25/05 Largely lost to acquisition & dither failures.02/01/05 Lost to weather.

9 nights total: 3 lost to weather, 1 to laser burn, 1 to new problem(s) that had to be debugged.

Milesto

ne 5

Su

ccess

Cri

teri

a# Criteria Status (2/3/05)

1

Reliable laser operation demonstrated at ≥ 9W (for ex, no significant laser problems such as an amplifier burn during previous 2 LGS runs).

The laser was run reliably at > 10W for a total of 36 hours through the early and late Jan. runs.

2

Demo maintenance of Strehl as the pupil rotates to within 10 deg of zenith (primarily focus and image sharpening management as pupil rotates).

Modal model tool in place & used as starting point. Demoed to have >80% correlation with LBWFS results on 1 night so far.

3

Spectroscopic science demoed. Includes demo of stable image positioning to ≤10 mas for a 30 minute integration at a zenith angle of 45±5 .

Underlying DAR acquisition and tracking tools implemented but not adequately sky tested.

4 <20% time lost to LGS AO system faults.5 shared-risk nights (2 lost to weather). Achieved 21, 25 & 10% on 3 nights.

5

Unvignetted off-axis angle for NGS acquisition 40” in all directions.

>30, 40 & 50" for 60, 190 & 110 of azimuth, respectively.

6

Planning support for astronomers in place (including mechanism for star list, backup programs, etc.).

Tools largely in place. Remaining tools exist and will be in place by mid-Feb.

7

Infrastructure, procedures and policies implemented to allow improved access to the AO system by the development team during periods of scheduled nighttime use.

Complete. Procedures & policies implemented. Monitoring.

8

Phase A of LGS AO performance characterization plan complete.

No significant data collected primarily because of weather losses.

9

LGS AO observing information web-page updated to support 05B proposal process. Will be in place by mid-Feb.

Shared-risk Science Time Lost

Summary:•2 nights lost to weather•Switched to NGS for 4.3h of remaining 32h•18% LGS faults (5.7h) + 5% other•Top 4 faults:

•2.5h acquis/dither Largely resolved.•1.5h laser burn. Resolved.•1.4h ACS. Ongoing.•0.4h boresite. Implement switch.

•LTCS collisions (0.5h) •Lost time doesn’t reflect the efficiency hit!

Date PI

% other faults

% LGS

faultsObs

time (h)Lost

time (h) Problem11/1/04 Ghez 2 21 4.75 0.08 Dither (1)

0.17 WFC crash (1)0.25 off-axis acquisition (1)

11/2/04 5.5 0.17 Dither (1)0.17 NIRC2 crash0.08 LTCS (1)1.50 Laser burn - switched to NGS

1/3/05 Max 11 10.50 Weather1/4/05 Kulkarni 11 10.50 Weather

1/25/05 Liu 10 25 2 Minor problems only1/26/05 8.5 1.30 Acquisition problems (4)

0.05 FSM fault0.78 ACS (3)0.42 Boresite camera detection (4)0.08 Spotter accidently shuttered2.80 Clouds - switched to NGS0.08 FCS fault

1/27/05 Kulkarni 5 10 11 0.42 LTCS (4)0.08 LBWFS problem0.58 ACS (2)0.65 Dither (7)0.08 DCS permissive0.08 Bad calibration file0.05 Acquisition failure0.08 Clouds 0.17 PA setting incorrect

Total = 5 18

Operations Status• LGS AO operations

• 1 AO operator + 1 AO LBWFS/optimizer • 1 Support Astronomer (NIRC2)• 1 software eng. + 1 AO troubleshooting for emergency• Smooth science run preparation (1 day for each person)• Rest of effort mostly focused on development and integration of

LGSAO.

• Laser operation• Personnel: laser specialist (Lafon), two ½-time technicians

(Melcher & Mouser), part-time EE (Chin) + 2 laser spotters on staff.• Current observing staff at summit: Mouser 2-10pm, Lafon 3pm-

3am, Melcher 10pm-6am. • Can monitor laser completely from HQ.• Mostly hands-free operation.• Training matrix produced for techs. Need to implement.

LGS Operations Team (LOT)

Integrating the LGSAO operations inside the Observatory operations (vs AO group)

• Kick-off meeting in Dec. 04• Work on policies (weather, propagation, backup)• Define an operational model:

• Task lists from pre-run meeting with observers, to coordinate with US Space Command, and data backup

• Design ops model and evaluate effort level vs resources • More staff for operations:

• Involve/train more SA to support NGSAO/LGSAO• Involve more software and sys. admin support for LGSAO

• Define and build operation infrastructure• Help define and build observers and operators tools• Configuration Management for LGSAO• Support integration with science instruments (NIRC2/OSIRIS)

05A Plans - Observing

2

AO enc. February AO enc. March AO enc. April AO enc. May AO enc. June AO enc. July1 OSIRIS OSIRIS DSM LGS-N2sci 1 1 1 LGS-N2sci2 2 DSM LGS-N2sci 2 M 2 2 LGS-N2sci3 3 DSM LGS-N2sci 3 3 3 3 Choices:4 4 4 M 4 4 4 MH NS/NIRC2 DSM5 5 5 5 5 5 NS/NIRC2 Nuller6 6 6 6 6 M 6 6 V27 M 7 M 7 7 7 7 7 V2sci8 8 8 8 8 8 DSM 8 OSIRIS9 9 9 9 DSM M 9 9 DSM NIRC2 LGSeng10 10 10 10 DSM 10 H 10 DSM NIRC2 LGS-N2eng11 11 11 DSM M 11 DSM 11 11 DSM M NIRC2 LGS-Oeng12 12 12 DSM 12 DSM 12 12 DSM NIRC2 LGS-N2sci13 NIRC2 13 DSM 13 DSM 13 DSM M 13 DSM NIRC2 LGS-Osci14 M NIRC2 DSM M 14 DSM 14 DSM 14 DSM 14 DSM NIRC2 NIRC215 NIRC2 DSM 15 DSM NIRC2 DSM 15 DSM 15 DSM 15 NIRSPAO

16 16 DSM 16 DSM 16 DSM M 16 DSM 16 DSM 16 Ohana

17 17 DSM 17 DSM V2/NIRC2 DSM 17 DSM Ohana DSM 17 !!caution!!

18 18 DSM 18 DSM M V2/NIRC2 DSM 18 18 DSM M Nuller/TBD19 OSIRIS 19 DSM 19 DSM NSPEC/V2sci DSM Nuller/SSC 19 DSM Nuller20 OSIRIS 20 DSM Nuller/TBD DSM V2sci DSM Nuller OSIRIS M 20 DSM Nuller Full Moons:21 OSIRIS MH 21 DSM M Nuller DSM V2sci DSM Nuller OSIRIS 21 DSM Nuller 24feb4:55UT22 OSIRIS OSIRIS DSM Nuller DSM NIRC2 DSM Nuller OSIRIS 22 22 25mar21:00UT

23 OSIRIS OSIRIS DSM Nuller OSIRIS 23 OSIRIS M 23 OSIRIS OSIRIS 23 24apr10:07UT24 NIRSPAO NIRSPAO OSIRIS NIRC2 OSIRIS 24 OSIRIS 24 OSIRIS OSIRIS LGSeng 23may20:19UT

25 NIRSPAO NIRSPAO OSIRIS H 25 OSIRIS M 25 OSIRIS 25 OSIRIS NIRC2 M LGS-N2sci 22jun4:15UT26 NIRSPAO NIRSPAO OSIRIS 26 OSIRIS OSIRIS OSIRIS OSIRIS OSIRIS 26 LGS-N2sci 21jul11:01UT27 NIRSPAO NIRSPAO OSIRIS OSIRIS OSIRIS LGSeng OSIRIS LGSeng OSIRIS M 27 2728 DSM M LGS-N2 OSIRIS M LGSeng OSIRIS LGS-Oeng OSIRIS LGS-Oeng OSIRIS NIRC2 2829 29 OSIRIS LGS-Oeng OSIRIS LGS-N2sci OSIRIS LGS-N2sci OSIRIS LGSeng 2930 30 OSIRIS LGS-N2sci OSIRIS LGS-N2sci OSIRIS M LGS-N2sci OSIRIS LGS-N2sci 3031 31 OSIRIS LGS-N2sci 31 31 31 31

LGS nights: 6 eng, 3 eng w/OSIRIS, 14 shared-risk science

05A Plans - Engineering# Criteria Status (2/3/05)

1

Demoed ability to operate LGS AO system, including laser, with nighttime team of ≤3 people (excluding aircraft safety).

Close to 2 people for AO and 1 laser operator/monitor. Also have 2 laser technicians on summit currently in shifts.

2

At least 2 people trained in each LGS AO & laser ops role, as well as any pre-run/night preparations (including laser alignment). Some cross-training has occurred.

3 ≤10% time lost to LGS AO system faults. Close already. Needs documentation.

4LGS AO overhead is < 30 min/night and < 5 min/science target for NGS R < 17.

Currently < 45 min/night and < 10 min/ target (if no problems). Needs documentation.

5 Strehl 0.1 for R 19. Demoed once.

6

Routine daytime laser maintain/align/prep efforts ≤4 person-days per observing run, plus 0.5 person-days per observing night.

7Unvignetted off-axis angle for NGS acquisition 60” in all directions.

8Issues raised by 04B shared-risk observers appropriately addressed.

9Phase B of LGS AO performance characterization plan complete.

10LGS AO observing information web-page updated to support 05B observing.

Complete Milestone 5 success criteria + Milestone 6:

05A Plans – Eng & Ops• Optimize LBWFS/STRAP performance for faint star• Minimize observing overhead• Optimize off-axis observations• Validate DAR• LGSAO characterization effort!!!• Complete integration with NIRC2• Integration with OSIRIS

• + submit engineering papers• LGS AO overview• LGS AO performance

05B Plans

• SSC has asked CARA to evaluate what it would take to support 30 nights in 05B

• 6 engineering nights requested• Need to define success criteria for

milestone 7 & 8, 1st non-shared risk science & operations handover requirements review.

05B Advertised Science Performance Low risk: Observing modes which have been demonstrated but may not yet be fully

characterized. 1. Target <60" from TT reference 2. TT reference R<18 in VA mode (eq. PA mode on-axis) in good seeing 3. TT reference R<16.5 in PA mode, if pupil rotation is <2°/min 4. Nodding or dithering up to 30" (no faster than every 2 min) 5. NIRC2 single frame integration time limited by effects of DAR (eg <60s at low elevations)

Medium risk: Observing modes requiring hardware or software changes, which we plan to commission by start of 05B.

1. TT reference R<19 in PA or VA mode 2. Observations requiring <20 mas positioning accuracy on NIRC2 (e.g. spectroscopy) 3. Observations requiring DAR tracking (eg. integration >60s at low elevations) 4. Target with a binary TT reference with separation <2.0" 5. Observations with bad seeing &/or telescope windshake

05B Advertised Science Performance

High risk: Challenging observing modes which may be commissioned by start of 05B.

1. Observations for which nodding/dithering period is <1 min (may apply to Lp & M imaging)

2. Target for which the TT reference has a proper motion of >2 arcmin/hr (due to maximum TT offload rate to telescope of 0.1" every 3s)

Not offered for 05B: 1. Target >70" from TT reference 2. TT reference R>19.3 3. Differential tracking between the TT reference and target

Issues - Science Strategy

• More LGSAO or better LGSAO?• More routine R~16 OR more higher risk R>18• Where is the balance between more LGSAO

nights and higher performance?• Optimizing system performance for R>18 could

require hardware changes• Operation reliability vs performance

improvement?• What performance criteria give us the best

science?

• NIRC2 vs OSIRIS • Effort to document the NIRC2 wide field

performance? • Focus on integration with OSIRIS?• Lesser priority on NIRC2 spectroscopy?

Summary

• LGS AO is proving to be a very valuable science capability.

• Although significant progress has been made, the system is still under development & not yet well characterized.

• We welcome the AOWG thoughts on where to focus our efforts for maximum science benefit.