LGS Vol2 Australasia Geo

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 123

2=AUSTRALASIA geosector

This geosector covers 223 sets of languages (1167 outer languages, composed of 2258 inner languages) spoken orformerly spoken by communities in Australasia in a geographic sequence from Maluku and the Lesser Sunda islandsthrough New Guinea and its adjacent islands, and throughout the Australian mainland to Tasmania. They comprise alllanguages of Australasia (Oceania) not covered by phylosectors 3=Austronesian or 5=Indo-European.

Zones 20= to 24= cover all so-called "Papuan" languages, spoken on Maluku and the Lesser Sunda islands and the NewGuinea mainland, which have been previously treated within the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis:

20= ARAFURA geozone 21= MAMBERAMO geozone 22= MANDANGIC phylozone23= OWALAMIC phylozone 24= TRANSIRIANIC phylozone

Zones 25= to 27= cover all other so-called "Papuan" languages, on the New Guinea mainland, Bismarck archipelago, NewBritain, New Ireland and Solomon islands, which have not been treated within the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis:

25= CENDRAWASIH geozone 26= SEPIK-VALLEY geozone 27= BISMARCK-SEA geozone

Zones 28= to 29= cover all languages spoken traditionally across the Australian mainland, on the offshore Elcho, Howard,Crocodile and Torres Strait islands (excluding Darnley island), and formerly on the island of Tasmania. An "Australian"hypothesis covers all these languages, excluding the extinct and little known languages of Tasmania, comprising (1.) anarea of more diffuse and complex relationships in the extreme north, covered here by geozone 28=, and (2.) a more closelyrelated affinity (Pama+ Nyungan) throughout the rest of Australia, covered by 24 of the 25 sets of phylozone 29=. Therelationships within the "Australian" and component "Pama+ Nyungan" hypotheses may be due as much to diffusion overtens of thousands of years as to inheritance from common prehistorical sources:

28= NORTH-AUSTRALIA geozone 29= TRANSAUSTRALIA geozone

Before consulting the following tables, please see Guide to the Register in Volume One

Additional or improved data on languages and communities covered by this sector will be welcomed by e-mail at: [email protected], or by letter-post at: LINGUASPHERE PRESS, HEBRON SA34 0XT, WALES (UK).

COLUMN 1 & 2

layers of reference codes and reference-names

COLUMN 3

other nomenclature and notes COLUMNS 4 & 5

nation-states scale of(+ provinces) and speakers

20= ARAFURAgeozone

covers the "Arafura+ Torres" reference area (within the"Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis); comprising 26 sets oflanguages (= 104 outer languages) spoken by communities inAustralasia, centered around the Arafura Sea, on the Alor,Timor, Leti, Maluku, Southern New Guinea (VogelkopPeninsula to Gulf of Papua) and Torres Strait islands:

20-A LAMMA+ KELON 20-B TANGLAPUI20-C KOLANA+ ADABE 20-D BUNAK20-E FATALUKU 20-F MAKUA20-G OIRATA 20-H PURAGI+ TOMU20-I KONDA+ YAHADIAN 20-J RIANTANA+ NDOM20-K YELMEK+ MAKLEW 20-L NAMBU+ YEI20-M IDI+ WAIA 20-N TIRIO+ LEWADA20-O BITURI+ KUPERE 20-P KIWAI+ KEREWO20-Q IPIKO 20-R MINANIBAI+ MAHIGI20-S PURARI+ IAI 20-T OPAO+ UARIPI20-U TATE 20-V IKOBI+ OMATI20-W KAIRI 20-X FIWAGA+ FOI20-Y FOLOPA+ DADIBI 20-Z PAWAIA+ AURAMA

Indonesia; East Timor; PapuaNew Guinea; Australia 4

The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

20-A LAMMA+ KELON set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script20-AA LAMMA+ BLAGAR

chainPANTAR

20-AAA LAMMA net20-AAA-a Lamma lemma Alor archipelago: Pantar-SW. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 420-AAA-aa kalondama lamma-W.Teba Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-AAA-ab tubal lamma-C. Toaaki mountain Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-AAA-ac biangwala lamma-E. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-AAB TEWA net20-AAB-a Tewa Alor archipelago: Pantar-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-AAB-aa deing tewa-SW. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-AAB-ab madar tewa-N. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-AAB-ac lebang tewa-E. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-AAC NEDEBANG net20-AAC-a Nedebang Alor archipelago: Pantar-CN. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-AAC-aa nedebang Kabir-SW. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-AAD BLAGAR net20-AAD-a Blagar Alor archipelago: Pantar-E.+ Pura islands Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 420-AAD-aa bakalang Pantar-NE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-AAD-ab retta-ternate Ternate-S. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-AAD-ac limarahing Pura-NW. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-AAD-ad apuri Pura-NE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-AAD-ae retta-pura Pura-S. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 220-AAD-af tereweng Treweg island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 220-AB KELON+ WOISIKA

chainALOR

20-ABA KELON net20-ABA-a Kelon kelong Alor archipelago: Alor-SW.+ Pantar-N. islands Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 420-ABA-aa panggar Pantar-N. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 220-ABA-ab probur Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)20-ABA-ac halerman Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)20-ABA-ad gendok Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)20-ABB KAFOA net20-ABB-a Kafoa Alor archipelago: Alor-W. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-ABB-aa kafoa Aluben-N. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-ABC KUI+ KIRAMANG net "wider"-kui20-ABC-a Kui+ Kirimang Alor archipelago: Alor island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-ABC-aa kui kui "proper" Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)20-ABC-aaa kui-S. Alor-SW. island: Kui (Nusa Tenggara) 320-ABC-aab kui-N. Alor-NW. island (Nusa Tenggara)20-ABC-ab kiramang kramang Alor-S. island: Batuiolong Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-ABD ABUI net20-ABD-a Abui barue, barawahing, namatalaki Alor archipelago: Alor island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 420-ABD-aa kobola Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-ABD-ab atimelang Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-ABD-ac alakaman Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-ABE KABOLA net20-ABE-a Kabola Alor archipelago: Alor-NW. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 420-ABE-aa hamap Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-ABE-ab pintumbang Maibang-W. peninsula Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)20-ABE-ac aimoli Maibang-E. peninsula Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)20-ABF WOISIKA net20-ABF-a Woisika Alor archipelago: Alor-CE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 420-ABF-aa lembur limbur, kawel Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 220-ABF-ab kamot Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-ABF-ac kamana kamang Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 220-ABF-ad petimpui Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 220-ABF-ae kamengmi Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-ABF-af ateita Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-ABF-ag apui Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 220-ABF-ah silaipui Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 220-ABF-ai langkuru+ kolomano Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 220-ABF-aj pido Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 2


20-AC MAKASAI+ KAIRUIchain

20-ACA MAKASAI+MAKLERE net

"wider" makasai

20-ACA-a Makasai+ Maklere Timor-NE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 420-ACA-aa makasai makasai "proper", makassai, macassai Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 420-ACA-aaa baucau Baucau (Nusa Tenggara)20-ACA-aab baguia Baguia (Nusa Tenggara)20-ACA-ab maklere Ilimar Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)20-ACB KAIRUI+ MIDIKI* net classification to be reviewed in light of intertwining between

languages in this geozone and in 32=Mesonesic phylozone; see [32]Waima'a+ Habu

20-ACB-a Kairui+ Midiki substratum (structural) influence from [32] Waima'a+ Habu East Timor 320-ACB-aa kairui East Timor20-ACB-ab midiki midik East Timor20-B TANGLAPUI set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script20-BA TANGLAPUI chain20-BAA TANGLAPUI net20-BAA-a Tanglapui Alor archipelago: Alor-E. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 420-BAA-aa tanglapui Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 420-C KOLANA+ ADABE

setpart of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script

20-CA KOLANA chain20-CAA KOLANA net20-CAA-a Kolana Alor archipelago: Alor-E. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 420-CAA-aa kolana kolana-wersin Kolana-SE. Kolana-NE. coast Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)20-CAA-aaa kolana-SE. kolana-wersin Kolana+ Silopa-SE. coast (Nusa Tenggara)20-CAA-aab kolana-NE. Kolana-NE. coastal enclave (Nusa Tenggara)20-CAA-aac kolana-N. Kolana-N. coast: Cimbur-E. enclave (Nusa Tenggara)20-CB ADABE* chain20-CBA ADABE net20-CBA-a Adabe Alor archipelago: Atauro-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-CBA-aa adabe ataura, atauru, raklu-un Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 320-D BUNAK set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script20-DA BUNAK chain20-DAA BUNAK net20-DAA-a Bunak Timor-C. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 420-DAA-aa bunak buna', bunake Bobonaro Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 420-E FATALUKU set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script20-EA FATALUKU chain20-EAA FATALUKU net20-EAA-a Fataluku Timor-NE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 420-EAA-aa fataluku dagaga, dagoda' Lautem+ Lospalos Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 420-F MAKU'A set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script20-FA MAKU'A chain20-FAA MAKU'A net20-FAA-a Maku'a Timor-NE. island Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 120-FAA-aa maku'a makua, lovaea, lovaia Tutuala Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) 120-G OIRATA set part of "timor-alor-islands" grouping Latin script20-GA OIRATA chain20-GAA OIRATA net20-GAA-a Oirata Leti archipelago: Kisar-SE. island Indonesia (Maluku) 320-GAA-aa oirata maaro Kio Indonesia (Maluku) 320-H PURAGI+ TOMU set maccluer+duriankere; part of vogelkop-S., "bird's head"-S. grouping

Latin script20-HA DURIANKERE chain20-HAA DURIANKERE net20-HAA-a Duriankere Vogelkop-W. peninsula: Raja Ampat island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 120-HAA-aa duriankere esaro, sailen, duriankari Indonesia (Irian Jaya)20-HB PURAGI+ SAGA

chainMIRAGA

20-HBA PURAGI+ SAGA net20-HBA-a Inanwatan Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 320-HBA-aa inanwatan suabo, suabau Inanwatan Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3


20-HBA-b Puragi Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 320-HBA-ba puragi mogao Matamani upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 320-HBA-c Yamarema Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3*20-HBA-ca yamarema Indonesia (Irian Jaya)20-HBA-d Saga Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3*20-HBA-da saga Indonesia (Irian Jaya)20-HBA-e Kaburi* Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-HBA-ea kaburi Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-HC KASUWERI+ TAROF

chain20-HCA KASUWERI+

UDAGAGA net20-HCA-a Kasuweri Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 320-HCA-aa kasuweri samalek, oderago, komudago Tarof-W., Kasuweri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 320-HCA-b Negeri-Besar Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 320-HCA-ba negeri-besar Tarof-NW., Negeri-Besar Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 320-HCA-c Udagaga Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 320-HCA-ca udagaga Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 320-HCB TAROF+ MIGORI net20-HCB-a Tarof Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-HCB-aa tarof nebes Kamundan-W.river-mouth, Tarof Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-HCB-b Tambani Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-HCB-ba tambani Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-HCB-c Migori Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-HCB-ca migori Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-HD TOMU+

KEMBERANO chain20-HDA TOMU+ ARANDAI net including yaban, jaban, sebyar Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 320-HDA-a Tomu Wariaga+ Sebyar Timoforo valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-HDA-aa tomu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-HDA-b Arandai Wariaga+ Sebyar Timoforo valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-HDA-ba arandai dombano Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-HDB KEMBERANO+

BARAU net20-HDB-a Kemberano Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 320-HDB-aa kemberano kalitami Komundan river-mouth>W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 320-HDB-b Weriagar Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-N. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-HDB-ba weriagar Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-HDB-c Barau Vogelkop-S. peninsula: Maccluer-S. gulf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-HDB-ca barau Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-I KONDA+ YAHADIAN

setOGIT, part of vogelkop-S., "bird's head"-S. grouping Latin script

20-IA KONDA+ YAHADIANchain

20-IAA KONDA+ YAHADIANnet

20-IAA-a Konda Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-IAA-aa konda Waromge estuary Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-IAA-b Yahadian Vogelkop-SW. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-IAA-ba mugim Kais-N. estuary Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-IAA-bb nerigo yahadian "proper", jahadian Kais-S. estuary Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-IAA-bc kampong-baru aiso, kais, atori, mintamani Kais middle valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-J RIANTANA+ NDOM

setKOLOPOM, in [52] Nederlands: frederik-hendrik-eiland Latin script

20-JA RIANTANA chain20-JAA RIANTANA net20-JAA-a Riantana Kolopom-N. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom

Island)3

20-JAA-aa riantana Guara Indonesia (Irian Jaya: KolopomIsland)

3


20-JB KIMAGHAMA chain20-JBA KIMAGHAMA net20-JBA-a Kimaghama kaladdarsch, teri-kalwasch Kolopom-C. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom

Island)3

20-JBA-aa kimaghama-NE. Kimaam Indonesia (Irian Jaya: KolopomIsland)

3

20-JBA-ab kimaghama-SW. Kladar Indonesia (Irian Jaya: KolopomIsland)

3

20-JC NDOM chain20-JCA NDOM net20-JCA-a Ndom Kolopom-W. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya: Kolopom

Island)3

20-JCA-aa ndom Indonesia (Irian Jaya: KolopomIsland)

3

20-K YELMEK+ MAKLEWset

"bulaka-river" Latin script

20-KA YELMEK+ MAKLEWchain

20-KAA YELMEK net20-KAA-a Yelmek jelmek, jab, jabsch Marianne-E. strait Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-KAA-aa yelmek-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)20-KAA-ab yelmek-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)20-KAB MAKLEW net20-KAB-a Maklew Digul-S. estuary Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-KAB-aa maklew makleu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 220-L NAMBU+ YEI set part of "trans-fly" grouping Latin script20-LA MORAORI chain20-LAA MORAORI net20-LAA-a Moraori Merauke-E. town + estuary Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 120-LAA-aa moraori morari, moaraeri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 120-LB YEI chain20-LBA YEI net20-LBA-a Yei yey, jei, je Merauke valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New

Guinea (Western) 3

20-LBA-aa yei-N. bupul Bupul Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua NewGuinea (Western adjacent)

20-LBA-ab yei-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua NewGuinea (Western)

20-LC KANUM+ ARAMBAchain

tonda

20-LCA KANUM net20-LCA-a Kanum enkelembu Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New

Guinea (Western) 2

20-LCA-aa kanum-N. sota Sota Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua NewGuinea (Western)

20-LCA-ab kanum-C. bronga, beronk Bronga Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua NewGuinea (Western)

20-LCA-ac kanum-S. Sakirainke Ianian Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua NewGuinea (Western)

20-LCB BOTHAR* net20-LCB-a Bothar Papua New Guinea (Western);

Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*

20-LCB-aa bothar Papua New Guinea (Western);Indonesia (Irian Jaya)

20-LCC ARAMBA+ ARA* net "upper" morehead20-LCC-a Ara Morehead Maro Tarl Bensbach upper valleys, including

IndorodoroPapua New Guinea (Western) 2

20-LCC-aa ara rouku, yumbar, wr, kamindjo, tjokwai, tokwasa, tonda #proliferationof nomenclature implies greater complexity of communities and idioms

Papua New Guinea (Western) 2

20-LCC-b Aramba Morehead upper headwaters Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-LCC-ba aramba serkisetavi, serki Serki Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-LCD PEREMKA net "lower" morehead20-LCD-a Peremka Morehead lower valley Heath bay Papua New Guinea (Western)20-LCD-aa peremka-A. peremka "proper", thundai-kanza Tonda Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-LCD-ab gambadi Papua New Guinea (Western)20-LCD-ac semariji Papua New Guinea (Western)


20-LD NAMBU+ DORROchain

20-LDA NAMBU+ TAIS net20-LDA-a Nambu Wassi-Kussa valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-LDA-aa nambu nambo, arufe, arufi Arufi Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-LDA-b Iauga Wassi-Kussa-E. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 120-LDA-ba iauga parb Iauga Papua New Guinea (Western)20-LDA-c Tais Wassi-Kussa-W. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 2*20-LDA-ca tais Tais Papua New Guinea (Western)20-LDB DORRO net20-LDB-a Dorro Leri coast Papua New Guinea (Western) 120-LDB-aa dorro Papua New Guinea (Western) 120-M IDI+ WAIA set part of "trans-fly" grouping Latin script20-MA IDI+ AGB chain PAHOTURI20-MAA IDI+ AGB net20-MAA-a Idi Pahoturi upper headwaters Mai-Kussa valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-MAA-aa idi tame, dimsisi, dimisi Dimisi Dimiri Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-MAA-b Agb+ Buji Pahoturi valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-MAA-ba agb tame, upiala-bituri, dabu Papua New Guinea (Western)20-MAA-bb buji boje, bugi Papua New Guinea (Western)20-MB WAIA chain20-MBA WAIA net20-MBA-a Waia kawakarubi, takalubi, takarubi, hiwi, hibaradai Waia Fly estuary Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-MBA-aa waia-A. waia "proper" Waia Papua New Guinea (Western)20-MBA-ab kenedibi Kenedibi Papua New Guinea (Western)20-N TIRIO+ LEWADA set part of "trans-fly" grouping Latin script20-NA TIRIO+ LEWADA

chain20-NAA LEWADA+ ATURU

net20-NAA-a Lewada+ Dewara lewada, dewala+ lewada Fly right-bank: Lewada Sumogi-W. island Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-NAA-aa lewada Lewada Papua New Guinea (Western)20-NAA-ab balamula mataru Balamula Papua New Guinea (Western)20-NAA-ac dewala Sumogi-W. island Dewala Papua New Guinea (Western)20-NAA-b Aturu Sumogi-E. island Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-NAA-ba aturu atura, adulu, makaeyam Adulu Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-NAB TIRIO+ MUTUM net20-NAB-a Tirio Fly right-bank: Tirio-E. Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-NAB-aa tirio dudi Wederehiamo Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-NAB-b Mutum Bituri middle valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-NAB-ba mutum paswam, dudi 2 Mutum Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-O BITURI+ KUPERE set TRANS-FLY-EAST, part of "trans-fly" grouping Latin script20-OA BITURI+ DONGORI

chain20-OAA BITURI+ DONGORI

net"WIDER"-GIDRA, jibu, oriomo

20-OAA-a Bituri gidra-bituri Bituri valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-OAA-aa guiam Bituri river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OAA-ab yuta Bituri river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OAA-ac rual Bituri headwaters: Rual Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OAA-ad kapal Bituri headwaters: Kapal Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OAA-b Wipim+ Zim gidra-wipim Oriomo Binaturi upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-OAA-ba wipim Wipim Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OAA-bb podari Podari Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OAA-bc zim Zim Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OAA-bd wonie Wonie Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OAA-be iamega Iamega Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OAA-bf gamaewe Gamaewe Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OAA-c Dongori+ Ume gidra-dongori Oriomo river-mouth hinterland Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-OAA-ca ume Ume Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OAA-cb kuru Kuru Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OAA-cc dongori Oriomo river-mouth: Dongori Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OAA-cd abam Oriomo lower river: Abam Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OAA-ce peawa Oriomo lower river: Peawa Papua New Guinea (Western)


20-OB SOGAL+ SEBE chain BINI, pine20-OBA SOGAL+ SEBE net20-OBA-a Sogal+ Kunini bini-NE. Binaturi-NW. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-OBA-aa sogal Sogal Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OBA-ab boze+ giringarede Boze Giringarede Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OBA-ac kunini Kunini Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OBA-b Sebe+ Masingle bini-SW. Mawatta-NW. coast Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-OBA-ba masingle Masingle Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OBA-bb tati tte Tati Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OBA-bc irupi+ drageli Irupi Drageli Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OBA-bd sebe Sebe Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OC KUPERE+ WAIDORO

chain20-OCA KUPERE+ WAIDORO

netGIZRA

20-OCA-a Kupere+ Togo gizra-W. =Pahoturi-N. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-OCA-aa kupere kuperi Kuperi Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OCA-ab togo toga Togo Papua New Guinea (Western)20-OCA-b Waidoro gizra-E. Pahoturi-E. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-OCA-ba waidoro Waidoro Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-OD MERIAM chain20-ODA MERIAM net20-ODA-a Meriam Torres Strait-E. islands: Darnley island Australia (Queensland) 220-ODA-aa meriam miriam-mir, miriam, mer, mir, maer Australia (Queensland) 220-P KIWAI+ KEREWO set KIWAIAN, part of "trans-fly" grouping Latin script20-PA KIWAI+ KEREWO

chain20-PAA KIWAI+ DOUMORI

net"wider" kiwai

20-PAA-a Doumori+ Wasua Doumori island Fly estuary Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-PAA-aa doumori doumori-kiwai Doumori Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-PAA-ab wasua Fly-N. estuary: Wasua+ Pagona Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-PAA-b Sewerimabu+

Panama"coastal" kiwai Fly-W. estuary Papua New Guinea (Western) 3

20-PAA-ba sewerimabu "coastal" kiwai-E. Sewerimabu coast: Tirio Sui Papua New Guinea (Western)20-PAA-bb panama "coastal" kiwai-S. Panama island Katatai coast Papua New Guinea (Western)20-PAA-c Daru Daru Bristow-N. islands Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-PAA-ca daru kiwai-daru Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-PAA-d Kiwai South & North Entrance islands: Kiwai island Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-PAA-da kiwai kiwai "proper", "insular" kiwai Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-PAB WABUDA+ SEGERA

net20-PAB-a Wabuda+ Segera Wabuda island+ neighbouring islands Segera river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-PAB-aa wabuda Wabuda island+ neighbouring islands Papua New Guinea (Western)20-PAB-ab sagero Segera river-mouth: Sagero Papua New Guinea (Western)20-PAB-ac dibiri Dibiri island Papua New Guinea (Western) 320-PAC SISIAME+ WAKAU

netBAMU, bamu-kiwai

20-PAC-a Wakau Bamu lower valley Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-PAC-aa wakau "middle" bamu Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-PAC-b Pirupiru Amagoa coast Naviu+ Uapumba islands Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-PAC-ba pirupiru gama Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-PAC-c Sisiame Bell Point estuary Papua New Guinea (Western;

Gulf)3

20-PAC-ca sisiame Giwaretere Papua New Guinea (Western;Gulf)

3

20-PAD MORIGI net20-PAD-a Morigi Morigio island Turama estuary Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-PAD-aa morigi wariadai, turama-river kiwai, dabura Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-PAE KEREWO net20-PAE-a Kerewo kerewa, kerewa+ goari Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-PAE-aa kikori Kikori lower valley: Kikori town Papua New Guinea (Gulf)20-PAE-ab ururumba Kikori estuary: Ururumba island Papua New Guinea (Gulf)20-PAE-ac gibario goaribari Goaribari island Papua New Guinea (Gulf)


20-PAF GIBAIO+ ARIGIBI net20-PAF-a Gibaio+ Urama kiwai-NE. Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-PAF-aa urama Urumu Ini islands Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-PAF-ab kope gope Wai'i river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-PAF-ac gibaio era-river Era lower valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-PAF-b Arigibi Wai'i middle valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-PAF-ba arigibi anigibi Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-Q IPIKO set part of "inland-gulf" grouping Latin script20-QA IPIKO chain20-QAA IPIKO net20-QAA-a Ipiko Pie lower right-bank Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-QAA-aa ipiko ipikoi, higa, epai Ipiko+ Pahemuba Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-R MINANIBAI+ MAHIGI

setminanibaian, part of "inland-gulf" grouping Latin script

20-RA MINANIBAI chain20-RAA MINANIBAI net20-RAA-a Minanibai Omati lower valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-RAA-aa minanibai pepeha, eme-eme, hei Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-RB MAHIGI chain 20-RBA MAHIGI net 20-RBA-a Mahigi Wawoi+ Guavi confluence extinct formerly Papua New Guinea

(Western)0

20-RBA-aa mahigi Emeti Papua New Guinea (Western) 020-RC TAO-SUAMATO

chain20-RCA TAO-SUAMATO net20-RCA-a Tao-Suamato Guavi Wawoi valleys Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-RCA-aa tao-suamato tao-suame, mahigi, dausame Kubeai Wareho Papua New Guinea (Western) 220-RD KARAMI chain 20-RDA KARAMI net 20-RDA-a Karami Turama upper tributary extinct formerly Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 020-RDA-aa karami Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 020-S PURARI+ IAI set Latin script20-SA PURARI+ IAI chain20-SAA PURARI+ IAI net20-SAA-a Purari+ Iai Pie estuary Purari valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-SAA-aa purari koriki, evorra, maipua, nanau Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-SAA-ab iai namau Papua New Guinea (Gulf)20-T OPAO+ UARIPI set ELEMAN20-TA OPAO+ KEURU chain eleman-W., bailala20-TAA OPAO+ KEURU net vailala20-TAA-a Orokolo+ Muru Vailala-NW. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-TAA-aa orokolo Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-TAA-ab muru muro Murua Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-TAA-b Keuru keuro, kairu+ kaura Vailala valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-TAA-ba aheave Vailala middle valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-TAA-bb haura-haela belepa, haura, haira Vailala lower valley: Belepa Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-TAA-bc hae-haela Keakea Araimira coast Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-TAA-c Opao Omati -NW. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-TAA-ca opao Opau Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-TB UARIPI+ TOARIPI

chainlakekamu, eleman-E.

20-TBA UARIPI+ TOARIPI net20-TBA-a Uaripi Omati river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-TBA-aa uari-pi tairuma Kerema Uaripi Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-TBA-b Toaripi+ Melaripi Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-TBA-ba melari-pi+ kai-pi Silo Koari coast Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-TBA-baa melari-pi (Gulf)20-TBA-bab kai-pi (Gulf)20-TBA-bb toari-pi+ moveave Tauri valley: Tauri downstream. Lakekamu valley: Bulldog

downstreamPapua New Guinea (Gulf) 3

20-TBA-bba moveave Moveave upstream (Gulf)20-TBA-bbb toari-pi motumotu Motu-Motu upstream (Gulf)

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 13120-TBA-bc mori-pi+ iokea Kapuri-S. Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-TBA-bca mori-pi (Gulf)20-TBA-bcb iokea Iokea (Gulf)20-TBA-bd sepoe Sepoi Oiapu Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-U TATE set Latin script20-UA TATE chain20-UAA TATE net20-UAA-a Tate Kerema bay: Kerema-SE. Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-UAA-aa tate raepa-tati, tati, lorabada, lou Lou Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-V IKOBI+ OMATI set turama+ "omatian"; part of turama+ "kikorian" grouping Latin script20-VA IKOBI+ OMATI chain20-VAA IKOBI+ MENA net kopo+ monia, kasere, wailemi20-VAA-a Mena meni, turama Hawoi Turama middle valleys Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-VAA-aa mena Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-VAA-b Ikobi kobi, kopo, "omatian" Omati upper valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-VAA-ba pimuru Papua New Guinea (Gulf)20-VAA-bb gorau Papua New Guinea (Gulf)20-VAA-bc utabi Papua New Guinea (Gulf)20-VAB OMATI net20-VAB-a Omati Omati middle valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-VAB-aa omati mini Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-W KAIRI set KIKORIAN, part of turama+ "kikorian" grouping Latin script20-WA KAIRI chain20-WAA KAIRI net20-WAA-a Kairi "kikorian" Kikori river-basin Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-WAA-aa kairi rumu, rumuwa, dumu, tumu, kibiri, kai-iri Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-X FIWAGA+ FOI* set KUTUBUAN Latin script20-XA FIWAGA+ FOI chain20-XAA FIWAGA+ FOI net20-XAA-a Foi foe, mubi-"river" Mubi valley Papua New Guinea (Southern

Highlands)3

20-XAA-aa kutubu Kutubu lake& town Papua New Guinea (SouthernHighlands)

20-XAA-ab igi Papua New Guinea (SouthernHighlands)

20-XAA-ac kafa Papua New Guinea (SouthernHighlands)

20-XAA-b Fiwaga Mubi lower valley Papua New Guinea (SouthernHighlands)

2

20-XAA-ba fiwaga fimaga Papua New Guinea (SouthernHighlands)

2

20-Y FOLOPA+ DADIBI set

TEBERAN Latin script

20-YA FOLOPA chain20-YAA FOLOPA net20-YAA-a Folopa podopa, polopa, podoba, foraba Papua New Guinea (Southern;

Gulf)3

20-YAA-aa keba+ wopasali Keba Wopasali Papua New Guinea (Southern) 220-YAA-aaa keba Keba (Southern)20-YAA-aab wopasali Wopasili (Southern)20-YAA-ab waraga Waraga Papua New Guinea (Southern) 220-YAA-ac pupitau Papua New Guinea (Southern) 220-YAA-ad sopese Sopese Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-YAA-ae suri Suri Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 120-YAA-af boro Boro Papua New Guinea (Gulf)20-YAA-ag siligi Urupio Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-YAA-ah diauwereke Diauwereke Papua New Guinea (Gulf)20-YAA-ai omo Omo Bare Papua New Guinea (Gulf)20-YAA-aj tebera Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-YAA-ak bara harahui, harahu Harahu Papua New Guinea (Gulf)20-YAA-al trabedesare Trabedesare Papua New Guinea (Gulf)20-YAA-am aurei Abede middle valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf)20-YAA-an ro keai, worugl Papua New Guinea20-YAA-ao sesa mamisa, songu, ibukairu Papua New Guinea


20-YB DADIBI chain20-YBA DADIBI net20-YBA-a Dadibi daribi, karimui, mikaru Papua New Guinea (Simbu;

Southern Highlands)3

20-YBA-aa erave Erave valley Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 220-YBA-ab mikaru mikauru Oima lower valley Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 320-YBA-ac elu Papua New Guinea (Southern

Highlands)

20-Z PAWAIA+ AURAMAset

PAWAIAN Latin script

20-ZA PAWAIA+ AURAMAchain

20-ZAA PAWAIA+ AURAMAnet

including sira, tudahwe, yasa

20-ZAA-a Hauruha Piu left-bank Tua valley Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 320-ZAA-aa hauruha "pawaian"-NW. Papua New Guinea (Simbu) 320-ZAA-b Aurama turoha, uri Purari valley Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 320-ZAA-ba aurama-W. Uraru Papua New Guinea (Gulf)20-ZAA-bb aurama-C. Aure Scarp-W. escarpment Papua New Guinea (Gulf)20-ZAA-c Pawaia Aure Scarp-S.E. escarpment Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 220-ZAA-ca pawaia pavaia Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 2


21= MAMBERAMOgeozone

covers the "Mamberamo" reference area (within the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis); comprising 22 sets of languages (=78 outer languages) spoken by communities in Australasia,centered on the Mamberamo Basin in New Guinea:

21-A TURU+ KIRIKIRI 21-B BARUA+ SIKARI21-C TAWORTA+ FOAU 21-D BERIK+ KWESTEN21-E MAWES 21-F ORYA21-G AWYI+TAIKAT 21-H WARIS+ MANEM21-I PAGI+ KILMERI 21-J NIMBORAN+ GRESI21-K MORWAP 21-L SAUSE21-M KAPORI 21-N KAURE+ NARAU21-O MOLOF 21-P USKU21-Q TOFAMNA 21-R UNA+ SIRKAI21-S DUBU+ TOWEI 21-T YAFI+ EMUMU21-U ANGOR+ MENGAU 21-V OKSAPMIN

Indonesia; Papua New Guinea 4

21-A TURU+ KIRIKIRI set LAKES-PLAIN-WEST, in [52] Nederlands: west-meervlakte; part oftor+ "lakes plain" grouping Latin script

21-AA KIRIKIRI+ FAYUchain

"far-west lakes-plain"

21-AAA FAYU net21-AAA-a Fayu Fou valley nomadic Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-AAA-aa fayu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-AAB KIRIKIRI net21-AAB-a Kirikiri Dou+ Fou-W. confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-AAB-aa kirikiri kirira Kliki valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-AB TAUSE* chain21-ABA TAUSE net21-ABA-a Tause Dow+ Fou-N. confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-ABA-aa tause doa, darha Danau Bira-SW.: Deraposi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-AC TURU+ EDOPI chain21-ACA EDOPI net21-ACA-a Edopi Dow+ Fou confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-ACA-aa edopi dou, doufou, turu-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-ACB TURU+ IAU net21-ACB-a Poi turu-N. Rouffaer valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-ACB-aa poi Taiyi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-ACB-b Turu-No turu-S. Van Daalen valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-ACB-ba turu-no Taiyi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-ACB-c Iau turu-E., yau, iaw Rouffaer Van Daalen valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-ACB-ca bareri turu-NE., barere Rouffaer valley: Bareri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-ACB-cb fauwi turu-SE., fawi, foi Van Daalen valley: Fauwi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-ACB-cc urundi ururi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-B BARUA+SIKARI set LAKES-PLAIN-CENTRAL, in [52] Nederlands: centraal-meervlakte;

part of tor+ "lakes plain" grouping Latin script21-BA BARUA+ WARI chain21-BAA BARUA+ ERI net21-BAA-a Barua+ Eri including aliki, haya Holmes, Danau Bira lake>S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-BAA-aa barua barua "proper", baburiwa, babiruwa, babruwa, babrua Kustera Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-BAA-ab eri-tai eri, editode, edai, erai, barua-E. Erai Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-BAB OBOGWI+ BIRI net21-BAB-a Obogwi+ Biri Rouffaer middle Rouffaer-N. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-BAB-aa obogwi-tai obogwi, ati (=language) Obogwi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-BAB-ab biri-tai biri Biri Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-BAC TAOGWE net21-BAC-a Taogwe Rouffaer valley: Van Daalen confluence Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-BAC-aa taogwe kwerisa Kwerisa displaced to Kei Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-BAD DUVLE net21-BAD-a Duvle duvele, duvde, duvre, wiri Van Daalen-S. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-BAD-aa duvle-W. Fedidi Wedi valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-BAD-ab duvle-E. Dagai valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya)


21-BAE TOLI net21-BAE-a Toli Toli lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya 221-BAE-aa toli-tai toli, taori-so, taori, dou-tai Toli-Dou Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-BAF KAIY net21-BAF-a Kaiy Rouffaer+ Van Daalen confluence downstream Indonesia (Irian Jaya 221-BAF-aa kaiy taori-kaiy, todi, taori-kei, kei Kei+ Kokou Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-BAG SIKARI net21-BAG-a Sikari Mamberamo valley: Rouffaer+ Idenburg confluence downstream Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-BAG-aa sikari-tai sikari, aikwakai, tori-aikwakai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-BAH WARI net21-BAH-a Wari Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-BAH-aa wari-tai wari, were-tai Taive, Taiyeve Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-BB PAPASENA chain21-BBA PAPASENA net21-BBA-a Papasena Idenburg lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-BBA-aa papasena Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-C TAWORTA+ FOAU

setLAKES-PLAIN-EAST, in [52] Nederlands: oost-meervlakte; part oftor+ "lakes-plain" grouping Latin script

21-CA TAWORTA+ FOAUchain

21-CAA TAWORTA+ DABRAnet

21-CAA-a Taworta Idenburg middle left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-CAA-aa taworta Taive-E., Taiyeve-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-CAA-b Dabra Idenburg middle left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-CAA-ba dabra bok Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-CAB FOAU net21-CAB-a Foau Idenburg middle right-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-CAB-aa foau Foa Mudiay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-D BERIK+ KWESTEN

setTOR, part of tor+ "lakes-plain" grouping Latin script

21-DA BERIK+ DARANTOchain

21-DAA BERIK+ DARANTOnet

21-DAA-a Berik+ Daranto "wider" berik, "upper" tor Tor valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-DAA-aa daranto Tor headwaters Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-DAA-ab guamer Tor headwaters Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-DAA-ac waf Waf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-DAA-ad bew beu Tor middle valley: Beu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-DAA-ae berik berik "proper", berrik, berick==Tor lower valley: Kwondirjan Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-DAA-af safrontani Safrontani Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-DAA-ag sewan Sewan Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-DB MANDER chain21-DBA MANDER net21-DBA-a Mander Bu upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-DBA-aa mander Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-DC FOYA+ BONERIF*

chaintor+ bu

21-DCA FOYA net21-DCA-a Foya Tor middle valley Bu lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-DCA-aa foya foja Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-DCB BONERIF net21-DCB-a Bonerif Tor middle right-bank Bu lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-DCB-aa bonerif beneraf Beneraf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-DD KWESTEN chain21-DDA KWESTEN net21-DDA-a Kwesten Takar coast: Woske-E. river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-DDA-aa takar Takar Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-DDA-ab 'holmhaven' Holmhaven Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-DDA-ac mafenter Mafenter Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-DDA-ad arare Arare Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-DDA-ae omte Omte Indonesia (Irian Jaya)


21-DE DABE+ WARES*chain

21-DEA DABE net21-DEA-a Dabe Sarmi>E. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-DEA-aa dabe Dabe Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-DEB KEDER net21-DEB-a Keder Tor-E. river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-DEB-aa keder Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-DEC BETAF notional net classified geographically, pending linguistic data21-DEC-a Betaf Sarmi>E. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-DEC-aa betaf Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-DF ITIK chain21-DFA ITIK net21-DFA-a Itik betef, borto community Biri upper left-bank: Itik Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-DFA-aa itik-tor ittik-tor Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-DFA-ab itik-A. itik "proper", ittik Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-DG WARES chain21-DGA WARES net21-DGA-a Wares Biri upper right-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-DGA-aa wares maus-wares Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-DH MAREMGI chain21-DHA MAREMGI net21-DHA-a Maremgi Fahoen-W. lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-DHA-aa maremgi marengge Marengge Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-E MAWES set part of tor+ "lakes-plain" grouping Latin script21-EA MAWES chain21-EAA MAWES net21-EAA-a Mawes Biu+ Toarim river-mouths Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-EAA-aa mawes-W. Biu-E. river-mouth enclave Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-EAA-ab mawes-E. Toarim-W. river-mouth enclave Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-F ORYA set uria, part of tor+ "lakes-plain" grouping Latin script21-FA ORYA chain21-FAA ORYA net21-FAA-a Orya oria, uria, warpok, warpu Toarim lower valley Nawa upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-FAA-aa barat Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-FAA-ab timur Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-FAA-ac yapsi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-G AWYI+ TAIKAT set part of tami, "new guinea border" grouping Latin script21-GA AWYI chain21-GAA AWYI net21-GAA-a Awyi Sekanto upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-GAA-aa awyi awye, awje, awji, nyao, njao Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-GB TAIKAT chain21-GBA TAIKAT net21-GBA-a Taikat Tami middle river-basin Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-GBA-aa taikat tajkat, arso Arso Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-H WARIS+ MANEM set part of tami, "new guinea border" grouping Latin script21-HA MANEM chain21-HAA MANEM net21-HAA-a Manem including kibai; uskuar; griku=Tami headwaters Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New

Guinea (Sandaun) 2

21-HAA-aa wembi Wembi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-HAA-ab yeti jeti Yeti Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-HAA-ac skofro Skofro Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-HAA-ad skotiau manem-NE., skotiaho Skotiau Papua New Guinea (Sandaun);

also Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-HB WARIS+ SIMOG

chain21-HBA WARIS+ DAONDA

net21-HBA-a Waris+ Imonda "wider" waris Pai Bapi headwaters Papua New Guinea (Sandaun);

Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3

21-HBA-aa waris waris "proper", walsa Waris Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua NewGuinea (Sandaun frontier)

3

21-HBA-ab imonda Imonda Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2


21-HBA-b Daonda Imonda>NE. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 221-HBA-ba daonda Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 221-HBB SIMOG net21-HBB-a Simog Imonda>E. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 221-HBB-aa simog Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 221-HC SENGGI chain21-HCA SENGGI net21-HCA-a Senggi Pai middle valley: Senggi Tomfor Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-HCA-aa senggi sengi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-HD SOWANDA+ PUNDA

chain21-HDA SOWANDA+ PUNDA

net21-HDA-a Sowanda+ Punda Bapi-W. valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun);

Indonesia (Irian Jaya adjacent) 3

21-HDA-aa sowanda waina, wina, wanya, wanja Papua New Guinea (Sandaun);Indonesia (Irian Jaya adjacent)

3

21-HDA-ab punda+ umeda Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)21-HE AMANAB chain21-HEA AMANAB net21-HEA-a Amanab Bapi-W. valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun);


21-HEA-aa amanab-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-HEA-ab amanab-E. Amanab Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 321-I PAGI+ KILMERI set BEWANI, part of tami, "new guinea border" grouping Latin script21-IA PAGI+ KILMERI chain21-IAA PAGI+ KILMERI net21-IAA-a Umeda Bewani mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 221-IAA-aa umeda Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 221-IAA-b Imbinis Bewani-N. mountains: Neumayer valleys Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2*21-IAA-ba imbinis Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)21-IAA-c Ainbai Bewani-N. mountains: Neumayer valleys Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 221-IAA-ca ainbai Bewani Station-S. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)21-IAA-d Pagi Bewani-N. mountains: Puwani Neumayer upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 321-IAA-da pagi pagei Pagei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)21-IAA-e Kilmeri+ Isi* Neumayer valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 321-IAA-ea isi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)21-IAA-eb ossima osima Osima Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)21-IAA-ec kilmeri kilmera Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 321-IAA-f Ningera Neumayer+ Pual river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 221-IAA-fa ningera nagira, ninggera Ningera Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 221-J NIMBORAN+ GRESI*

setLatin script

21-JA NIMBORAN+ GRESIchain

21-JAA NIMBORAN net21-JAA-a Nimboran Genyem, Genjem Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-JAA-aa nimboran nambrong Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-JAB KWANSU+

BONGGRANG net21-JAB-a Kwansu+ Bonggrang Sentani-W. lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-JAB-aa kwansu kuangsu Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-JAB-ab bonggrang Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-JAC GRESI+ KEMTUIK

net21-JAC-a Gresi Genyem-S.E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-JAC-aa gresi gresik Hawe Bring Sekori Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-JAC-b Kemtuik Sentani-SW. lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-JAC-ba kemtuik kemtuk, kamtuk Mamdayawan Merem Braso Sawiron Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-JAD MEKWEI net21-JAD-a Mekwei Sentani lake Tanahmerah bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-JAD-aa mekwei menggei, munggai, mungge, menggwei, munkei, mooi, moi, waipu,

including demenggong; waibron; bano distinct from [25] Moi-W. &[25] Moire (Moi-NE.)



21-K MORWAP set Latin script21-KA MORWAP chain21-KAA MORWAP net21-KAA-a Morwap Rewo headwaters Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-KAA-aa morwap janggu, djanggu, tabu, sawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-L SAUSE* set Latin script21-LA SAUSE chain21-LAA SAUSE net21-LAA-a Sause Nawa middle right-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-LAA-aa sause seuce Sause-Bokoko Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-M KAPORI set part of kaure+ kapori grouping Latin script21-MA KAPORI chain21-MAA KAPORI net21-MAA-a Kapori Idenburg upper right-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-MAA-aa kapori Pagai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-N KAURE+ NARAU set part of kaure+ kapori grouping Latin script21-NA KAURE+ NARAU

chain21-NAA KAURE+ NARAU net21-NAA-a Narau Nawa middle Idenburg upper valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3*21-NAA-aa narau Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-NAA-b Kaure Nawa lower valley Idenburg upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-NAA-ba kaure-A. kaureh Kaureh Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-NAA-bb kosadle kosare Idenburg upper left-bank: Hulu-Atas displaced eastward Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-O MOLOF set21-OA MOLOF chain21-OAA MOLOF net21-OAA-a Molof Pai left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-OAA-aa molof ampas Senggi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-P USKU set21-PA USKU chain21-PAA USKU net21-PAA-a Usku Pauwasi left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-PAA-aa usku Usku Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 121-Q TOFAMNA set21-QA TOFAMNA chain21-QAA TOFAMNA net21-QAA-a Tofamna Nawa left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*21-QAA-aa tofamna Tofamna Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-R UNA+ SIRKAI set MEK, goliath Latin script21-RA UNA+ HMANGGONA

chainmek-W., goliath-W.

21-RAA HMANGGONA+NIPSAN net

including yali

21-RAA-a Kosarek yali-kosarek, yale-kosarek Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-RAA-aa wanam Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-RAA-ab in-lom Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-RAA-b Gilika Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-RAA-ba gilika Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-RAA-c Nipsan yali-nipsan, abenago Nipsan Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-RAA-ca yali-'pass' "pass-valley" yali Pass valley21-RAA-cb landikma Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RAA-cc apahapsili Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RAA-d Hmanggona Naltya Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 421-RAA-da hmanggona nalca, naltje, naltya, hmonono, kimyal, kimjal Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 421-RAB KORUPUN+ SELA

net21-RAB-a Korupun+ Dagi korapun, kimyal-korupun Erok upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-RAB-aa korupun duram Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RAB-ab dagi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RAB-ac sisibna gobugdua Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RAB-ad deibula Indonesia (Irian Jaya)


21-RAB-b Sela Sela Thai valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-RAB-ba sela-NW. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RAB-bb sela-SE. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RAC UNA+ EIPO net21-RAC-a Una Yay-W. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-RAC-aa una "mount" goliath, goliath, langda, in [52] Nederlands: oranje-gebergte

Goliath mountain Weip-E. valleyIndonesia (Irian Jaya)

21-RAC-b Eipo+ Fa "t-valley" Eipo valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-RAC-ba fa-mek Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RAC-bb keririmna Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RAC-bc eipo-mek Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RB SIRKAI+

KETENGBAN chainmek-E., goliath-E.

21-RBA SIRKAI+KETENGBAN net

21-RBA-a Sirkai Sobger left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-RBA-aa sirkai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-RBA-b Ketengban kupel, oktengban Ok-Bi Ok-Tyop upper valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-RBA-ba limeri Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RBA-bb tanime Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RBA-bc bima Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RBA-bd kanume Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RBA-be teli Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RBA-bf kirome Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RBA-bg bame Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RBA-bh ok-bab Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RBA-bi larye Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-RBA-c Kinome Ok-Bi Ok-Tyop upper valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-RBA-ca kinome kupel, oktengban Indonesia (Irian Jaya)21-S DUBU+ TOWEI set pauwasi-W.; part of pauwasi grouping21-SA DUBU+ TOWEI chain21-SAA DUBU net21-SAA-a Dubu Ubrub-NW. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-SAA-aa dubu Affi Dobu Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-SAB TOWEI net21-SAB-a Towei Ubrub-SW. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-SAB-aa towei towe Towe Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-T YAFI+ EMUMU set pauwasi-E.; part of pauwasi grouping Latin script21-TA YAFI+ EMUMU chain21-TAA YAFI net21-TAA-a Yafi Ubrub-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-TAA-aa yafi jafi, yaffi, yaffri, wagarindem, wargarindem Yaffri Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 221-TAB EMUMU net21-TAB-a Emumu Ubrub-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya frontier) 321-TAB-aa emumu kiamerop Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 321-U ANGOR+ MENGAU

setSENAG Latin script

21-UA ANGOR+MENGAUchain

21-UAA MENGAU+KAMBERATARO net

21-UAA-a Mengau+Kamberataro

dera, dra, kamberataro, komberatoro Faringi valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua NewGuinea (Sandaun)

3

21-UAA-aa kamberataro-N. (Irian Jaya) and/or (Sandaun)21-UAA-ab kamberataro-S. (Irian Jaya) and/or (Sandaun)21-UAA-ac mengau mangguar (Irian Jaya) and/or (Sandaun)21-UAA-ad lihen (Irian Jaya) and/or (Sandaun)21-UAA-ae duka-ekor Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)


21-UAB ANGOR net21-UAB-a Angor anggor, watapor, senagi, bibriari Amanab-S. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 321-UAB-aa nai angor-C. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)21-UAB-ab monga Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)21-UAB-ac samanai Papua New Guinea (Sandaun)21-V OKSAPMIN set Latin script21-VA OKSAPMIN chain21-VAA OKSAPMIN net21-VAA-a Oksapmin Strickland upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 321-VAA-aa oksapmin Oksapmin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3


22= MANDANGICphylozone

covers the"Madang-Adelbert" grouping (part of the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis); comprising 23 sets of languages (=101 outer languages) spoken by communities in Australasia,centered on the Madang-Adelbert Range in New Guinea:

22-A IKUNDUN+ KATIATI 22-B PAYNAMAR22-C NEND+ ATEMBLE 22-D APAL+ MUSAK22-E BIYOM+ FAITA 22-F PILA+ TANI22-G MAUWAKE+ HINIHON 22-H ABASAKUR+ KOGUMAN22-I USAN+ PARAWEN 22-J AMAIMON22-K WASKIA+ KORAK 22-L BUNABUN+ MALAS22-M DIMIR 22-N BARGAM22-O KARE 22-P GARUS+ GIRAWA22-Q GARIA+ URIGINA 22-R SAUSI+ DUMPU22-S OGEA+ RERAU 22-T ANJAM+ SONGUM22-U PULABU+ SIROI 22-V SAEP+ YABONG22-W WASEMBO


22-A IKUNDUN+ KATIATIset

JOSEPHSTAAL Latin script

22-AA IKUNDUN+WADAGINAM chain

pomoikan-N.+ wadaginam; part of pomoikan grouping

22-AAA WADAGINAM net22-AAA-a Wadaginam Guam, Goam upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-AAA-aa wadaginam wadaginamb Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-AAB MORESADA net part of pomoikan-N.22-AAB-a Moresada Guam, Goam upper left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-AAB-aa moresada murisapa, murusapa+ sarewa Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-AAC IKUNDUN net part of pomoikan-N.22-AAC-a Ikundun mindivi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-AAC-aa ikundun mindivi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-AB PONDOMA chain pomoikan-S.; part of pomoikan grouping22-ABA PONDOMA net22-ABA-a Pondoma Josephstaal Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-ABA-aa pondoma Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-AC OSUM chain22-ACA OSUM net22-ACA-a Osum Aingurum Sogeram valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-ACA-aa osum Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-AD KATIATI+ SILEIBI

chainsikan

22-ADA KATIATI net22-ADA-a Katiati Josephstaal-SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-ADA-aa katiati Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-ADB SILEIBI net22-ADB-a Sileibi Musita Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-ADB-aa sileibi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-B PAYNAMAR set wanang-N.; part of wanang grouping22-BA PAYNAMAR chain22-BAA PAYNAMAR net22-BAA-a Paynamar Sogeram valley: Paynamar Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-BAA-aa paynamar Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-C NEND+ ATEMBLE

setATAN, wanang-C.; part of wanang grouping Latin script

22-CA NEND+ ATEMBLEchain

22-CAA NEND net angaua22-CAA-a Nend Sogeram valley Ramu middle valley: Pasinkap Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-CAA-aa nend nent; angaua community Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-CAB ATEMBLE net22-CAB-a Atemble Ramu middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-CAB-aa atemble atemple-apris, atemple Atemple Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1


22-D APAL+ MUSAK set EMUAN, wanang-S.; part of wanang grouping22-DA APAL chain22-DAA APAL net22-DAA-a Apal Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-DAA-aa apal-N. Tevari Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-DAA-ab apal-S. emerum, apali Angguna Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-DB MUSAK chain22-DBA MUSAK net22-DBA-a Musak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-DBA-aa musak Musak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-E BIYOM+ FAITA* set BRAHMAN Latin script22-EA FAITA chain22-EAA FAITA net22-EAA-a Faita Ramu valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-EAA-aa faita Usino-SW. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-EB TAUYA chain22-EBA TAUYA net22-EBA-a Tauya Imbrum Tauya valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-EBA-aa tauya inafosa Tauya Kausi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-EC BIYOM chain22-ECA BIYOM net22-ECA-a Biyom Tauya valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-ECA-aa biyom sasimo, sasime Bundi-SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-ED ISABI chain22-EDA ISABI net22-EDA-a Isabi Marcia left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-EDA-aa isabi maruhia Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-F PILA+ MAIANI set KAUKOMBRAN, part of pihom grouping Latin script22-FA PILA+ MAIANI chain banara, hatzfeldthaven, moando22-FAA PAY net22-FAA-a Pay pai, mala, alam, banara #pay, pai=speech Dagoi Malala

Harbour coastal enclavesPapua New Guinea (Madang) 2

22-FAA-aa dagoi dagui, pay-W. Dagoi Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-FAA-ab hatzfeldthaven pay-C. Hatzfeldthaven Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-FAA-ac malala pay-E. Malala Harbour Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-FAB PILA net22-FAB-a Pila miani #pila=speech Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-FAB-aa bonaputa+ mopu Bonaputa+ Mopu Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-FAB-ab suaru Suaru Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-FAC MAIA net22-FAC-a Maia maya, saki # maia, maya=speech Mugamat-W. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-FAC-aa turatapa turutap Turutapa Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-FAC-ab yakiba Yakiba Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-FAC-ac mugumat-saki Mugamat Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-FAD MAIANI net22-FAD-a Maiani miami, tani, banara #maiani =speech Mugamat-E. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-FAD-aa mugumat-tani Mugamat Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-FAD-ab wagimuda Wagimuda Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-G MAUWAKE+

HINIHON setUBEAN, part of pihom grouping Latin script

22-GA MAUWAKE chain22-GAA MAUWAKE net22-GAA-a Mauwake Kumil valley Sikor coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-GAA-aa mauwake ulingan, mawake Muaka Sikor Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-GB BEPOUR chain22-GBA BEPOUR net22-GBA-a Bepour Kumil-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-GBA-aa bepour Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-GC MOERE chain22-GCA MOERE net22-GCA-a Moere Kumil-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-GCA-aa moere Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1


22-GD MAWAK chain22-GDA MAWAK net22-GDA-a Mawak Adelbert Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-GDA-aa mawak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-GE KOWAKI chain22-GEA KOWAKI net22-GEA-a Kowaki Adelbert Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-GEA-aa kowaki Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-GF HINIHON chain22-GFA HINIHON net22-GFA-a Hinihon Adelbert Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-GFA-aa hinihon Hinihon Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-GG MUSAR chain22-GGA MUSAR net22-GGA-a Musar aregerek Adelbert Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-GGA-aa musar aregerek Timper valley: Musar mountain Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-GH WANAMBRE chain22-GHA WANAMBRE net mawamuan-S.22-GHA-a Wanambre Adelbert Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-GHA-aa wanambre vanembere, vanambere Timper valley: Wanambre Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-H ABASAKUR+

KOGUMAN setOMOSAN, part of pihom grouping

22-HA ABASAKUR+KOGUMAN chain

22-HAA KOGUMAN net22-HAA-a Koguman Savai headwaters Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-HAA-aa koguman Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-HAB ABASAKUR net22-HAB-a Abasakur Savai headwaters Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-HAB-aa abasakur Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-I USAN+ PARAWEN

setNUMAGENAN, "wayapan", part of pihom grouping Latin script

22-IA USAN+ YABEN chain22-IAA USAN net22-IAA-a Usan Adelbert Range-W. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-IAA-aa usan wanuma Wanuma Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-IAB YABEN net22-IAB-a Yaben Adelbert Range mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-IAB-aa yaben-SW. Adelbert Range-W. mountains: Numugen middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-IAB-ab yaben-NE. Adelbert Range-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-IB PARAWEN+

UKURIGAMA chainwayapan-S.

22-IBA PARAWEN net22-IBA-a Parawen Kosilanta Gogol upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-IBA-aa parawen para Parawen Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-IBB UKURIGUMA+

YARAWATA net22-IBB-a Ukuriguma Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-IBB-aa ukuriguma Kosilanta-E. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-IBB-b Yarawata Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-IBB-ba yarawata Kosilanta-SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-IC BILAKURA* chain22-ICA BILAKURA net22-ICA-a Bilakura Numugen headwaters Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-ICA-aa bilakura* Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-J AMAIMON set part of pihom grouping22-JA AMAIMON chain22-JAA AMAIMON net22-JAA-a Amaimon Gogol valley Sogeram right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-JAA-aa amaimon Amaimon Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2


22-K WASKIA+ KORAKset

KOWAN, part of isumrud grouping Latin script

22-KA KORAK chain22-KAA KORAK net22-KAA-a Korak Dove Point coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-KAA-aa korak Korak Taveltai Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-KB WASKIA+ KARKAR

chain22-KBA WASKIA+ KARKAR

net22-KBA-a Waskia+ Karkar Isumrud strait Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-KBA-aa karkar Karkar-N. island: Karkar Urugen Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-KBA-ab waskia woskia, vaskia, tokain Tokain coast: Gilagil river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-L BUNABUN+ MALAS

setpart of isumrud grouping

22-LA BUNABUN chain22-LAA BUNABUN net22-LAA-a Bunabun Dove Point-S. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-LAA-aa bunabun bunubun, bububun Bunabun Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-LB MALAS chain22-LBA MALAS net22-LBA-a Malas Timper-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-LBA-aa malas mabuan Malas Imbarb Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-M DIMIR set part of isumrud grouping Latin script22-MA DIMIR chain22-MAA DIMIR net22-MAA-a Dimir Karim coast Gilagil middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-MAA-aa dimir boskien, bosiken Dimir Baskan Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-N BARGAM set Latin script22-NA BARGAM chain22-NAA BARGAM net22-NAA-a Bargam Croisilles cape Kurum Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-NAA-aa bargam mugil, bunu, saker Bunu Mugil Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-O KARE set22-OA KARE chain22-OAA KARE net22-OAA-a Kare Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-OAA-aa kare Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-P GARUS+ GIRAWA*

setMABUSO, Latin script internal relationships to be clarified,including diagnostic use of different words for what

22-PA GARUS+ GARUHchain

22-PAA GARUS+ REMPI net22-PAA-a Garus Garu hinterland Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-PAA-aa garus part of ate, part of em, kurupi #ate or em =what Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-PAA-b Yoidik Astrolabe Bay-N. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PAA-ba yoidik part of em Yoidik #em =what Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PAA-c Rempi Astrolabe Bay-W. coast-: Alexishafen-N. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PAA-ca rempi rempin, a'e, erempi Sempi #a'e =what Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PAB GARUH+ KAMBA net22-PAB-a Garuh Alexishafen hinterland Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-PAB-aa garuh butelkud+ guntabak, nobonob, nobnob Butelkud Nobanob Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-PAB-b Kamba Madang hinterland Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-PAB-ba wagi vagi, furan, foran, kamba, mis+ kembar Foran Mis Kamba,

KembarPapua New Guinea (Madang) 3

22-PB MURUPI+ WAMAS*chain

22-PBA MOSIMO net22-PBA-a Mosimo Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-PBA-aa mosimo Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-PBB WAMAS net22-PBB-a Wamas Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PBB-aa wamas Wamas Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2


22-PBC SAMOSA net22-PBC-a Samosa Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-PBC-aa samosa Samosa+ Soli Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-PBD MURUPI net22-PBD-a Murupi Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PBD-aa murupi part of ate Murupi #ate =what Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PBE RAPTING net22-PBE-a Rapting Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PBE-aa rapting lapting Lapting Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PC SARUGA+ UTU*

chain22-PCA SARUGA net22-PCA-a Saruga Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PCA-aa saruga Saruga Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PCB BAGUPI net22-PCB-a Bagupi Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-PCB-aa bagupi Bagupi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-PCC NAKE net22-PCC-a Nake ale Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PCC-aa nake ale Nake+ Itapi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PCD SILOPI net22-PCD-a Silopi Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PCD-aa silopi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PCE MATEPI net22-PCE-a Matepi Adelbert Range-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PCE-aa matepi Matepi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PCF UTU net22-PCF-a Utu Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PCF-aa utu Utu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PCG GAL net22-PCG-a Gal Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PCG-aa gal baimak-N., weim Gal Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PCH BAIMAK net22-PCH-a Baimak Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PCH-aa baimak Baimak Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PCI MAWAN net22-PCI-a Mawan Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PCI-aa mawan Mawan Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PD ISEBE+ AMELE*

chainGUM, abaian

22-PDA ISEBE+ PANIM net22-PDA-a Panim Madang-W. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PDA-aa panim Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PDA-b Isebe+ Bau Kauris Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-PDA-ba isebe balahaim Barahaim Panim Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-PDA-bb bau Bau Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-PDB GUMALU net22-PDB-a Gumalu Gogol valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PDB-aa gumalu Gumalu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PDC SIHAN net22-PDC-a Sihan Gogol right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PDC-aa sihan Kokom lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PDD AMELE net22-PDD-a Amele Gogol lower left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-PDD-aa amele amale Amele Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-PE GIRAWA+ MUNIT

chainKOKOM

22-PEA MUNIT net22-PEA-a Munit Kokom middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PEA-aa munit Berin Waguma Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PEB BEMAL net22-PEB-a Bemal Kokom upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-PEB-aa bemal kein Bemal Jal Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2


22-PEC GIRAWA net22-PEC-a Girawa Sogeram upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-PEC-aa girawa begasin, bagasin Bagasin Garinam Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-Q GARIA+ URIGINA set PEKA, part of rai-"coast" grouping Latin script22-QA GARIA chain22-QAA GARIA net22-QAA-a Garia Sogeram Peka headwaters Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-QAA-aa garia kari, sumau Sumau Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-QB USINO chain22-QBA USINO net22-QBA-a Usino Ramu upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-QBA-aa usino kari, sop Usino Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-QC DANARU chain22-QCA DANARU net22-QCA-a Danaru Peka upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-QCA-aa danaru Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-QD URIGINA chain22-QDA URIGINA net22-QDA-a Urigina Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-QDA-aa urigina uriginau, origanau Urigini Korigina Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-R SAUSI+ DUMPU set EVAPIA, part of rai-"coast" Latin script22-RA SINSAURU chain22-RAA SINSAURU net22-RAA-a Sinsauru Mindim upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-RAA-aa sinsauru-A. kow Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-RAA-ab saipa Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-RB SAUSI chain22-RBA SAUSI net22-RBA-a Sausi Ramu upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-RBA-aa sausi uya Koropa Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-RC ASAS chain22-RCA ASAS net22-RCA-a Asas Ramu upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-RCA-aa asas kow Koropa-SE. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-RD KESAWAI chain22-RDA KESAWAI net22-RDA-a Kesawai Ramu Marcia upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-RDA-aa kesawai namuya Kesawai Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-RE DUMPU chain22-REA DUMPU net22-REA-a Dumpu Ramu upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-REA-aa dumpu watifa, watiwa Dumpu Bebei Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-S OGEA+ RERAU set NURU, part of rai-"coast" grouping Latin script22-SA USU chain22-SAA USU net22-SAA-a Usu Kokon headwaters Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-SAA-aa usu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-SB OGEA chain22-SBA OGEA net22-SBA-a Ogea Astrolabe Bay-W. coast: Gogol-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-SBA-aa ogea erima, nuru, ato Ato Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-SC DUDUELA chain22-SCA DUDUELA net22-SCA-a Duduela Nuru middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-SCA-aa duduela Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-SD KWATO chain22-SDA KWATO net22-SDA-a Kwato Mindin middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-SDA-aa kwato waupe Kwato Yaula Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2


22-SE JILIM chain22-SEA JILIM net22-SEA-a Jilim Mindin middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-SEA-aa jilim Jilim Jamjam Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-SF RERAU chain22-SFA RERAU net22-SFA-a Rerau Mindin lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-SFA-aa rerau Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-SG YANGULAM chain22-SGA YANGULAM net22-SGA-a Yangulam Kabenau-SE. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-SGA-aa yangulam jenglam, englam Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-T ANJAM+ SONGUM

setMINDJIM, part of rai-"coast" grouping Latin script

22-TA ANJAM chain22-TAA ANJAM net22-TAA-a Anjam Astrolabe Bay: Mindim river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-TAA-aa anjam bogati, bom, bogajim, bogadjim, lalok Bom Papua New Guinea (Madang) 322-TB MALE chain22-TBA MALE net22-TBA-a Male Astrolabe Bay-S. coast-S.: Mindim river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-TBA-aa male Male Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-TC BONGU chain22-TCA BONGU net22-TCA-a Bongu Astrolabe Bay-S. coast: Kabenau-W. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-TCA-aa bongu Bongu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-TD SONGUM chain22-TDA SONGUM net22-TDA-a Songum Kabenau lower right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-TDA-aa songum Songum Bang Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-U PULABU+ SIROI set KABENAU, part of rai-"coast" grouping Latin script22-UA PULABU chain22-UAA PULABU net22-UAA-a Pulabu Kabenau middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-UAA-aa pulabu-A. pilabu Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-UAA-ab kadda Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-UB LEMIO chain22-UBA LEMIO net22-UBA-a Lemio Kabenau upper valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-UBA-aa lemio-A. Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-UBA-ab gurumbu Gurumbu Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-UC ARAWUM chain22-UCA ARAWUM net22-UCA-a Arawum Astrolabe Bay-S. coast: Kambara-W. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-UCA-aa arawum Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-UD SIROI chain22-UDA SIROI net22-UDA-a Siroi rimba, rumba Astrolabe Bay-S. coast: Rimbo-E. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-UDA-aa siroi-A. suroi Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-UDA-ab pasa Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-UDA-ac komisanga Papua New Guinea (Madang)22-UE KOLOM chain22-UEA KOLOM net22-UEA-a Kolom Astrolabe Bay-S. coast: Dein-E. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-UEA-aa kolom langtub, lamtub Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-V SAEP+ YABONG set YAGANON, part of rai-"coast" Latin script22-VA DUMUN chain22-VAA DUMUN net22-VAA-a Dumun Astrolabe Bay-S. coast: Gowar lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 122-VAA-aa dumun bai Dumun Bai Papua New Guinea (Madang) 1


22-VB SAEP chain22-VBA SAEP net22-VBA-a Saep Gowar middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-VBA-aa saep Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-VC GANGLAU chain22-VCA GANGLAU net22-VCA-a Ganglau Astrolabe Bay-S. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-VCA-aa ganglau Dein Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-VD YABONG chain22-VDA YABONG net22-VDA-a Yabong Yaganon lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-VDA-aa yabong Papua New Guinea (Madang) 222-W WASEMBO* set part of pihom22-WA WASEMBO chain22-WAA WASEMBO net22-WAA-a Wasembo Gusap middle valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 222-WAA-aa wasembo gusap, yankowan, biapim Gusap Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 2


23= OWALAMICphylozone

covers the "Owalamic" or "East Trans-New Guinea" grouping(part of the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis); comprising 11sets of languages (= 57 outer languages) spoken bycommunities in Australasia, centered on the Owen Stanley(including Owalama) Range & Peninsula in eastern NewGuinea:

23-A SUENA+ GUHU-SAMANE 23-B FUYUGE+ WERI23-C KOIALI+ BARAI 23-D KWALE+ HUMENE23-E MULAHA 23-F MARIA+ DOROMU23-G YAREBA+ MAGI 23-H ONJOB23-I DAGA+ MAIWA 23-J UMANAKAINA23-K GINUMAN+ KANASI

Papua New Guinea 5

23-A SUENA+ GUHU-SAMANE set

"binanderean"+ guhu-samane Latin script

23-AA GUHU-SAMANEchain

23-AAA GUHU-SAMANE net23-AAA-a Guhu-Samane tahari, muri, bia Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 323-AAA-aa waria-C. "middle" waria Waria middle valley: Bapi+ Kakeipo Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 323-AAA-ab sekare Papua New Guinea (Morobe

and/or Oro)23-AAA-ac paiawa paewa, paiewa Pai-awa village+ river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Morobe)23-AAA-ad eipa Mai-Ama middle valley: Eipa Papua New Guinea (Morobe)23-AB SUENA+ OROKAIVA

chainBINANDEREAN

23-ABA SUENA+ ZIA net23-ABA-a Suena Mai-ama river-mouth Morobe coast Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 323-ABA-aa suena yema, yarawe, yarawi Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 323-ABA-b Yekora Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 223-ABA-ba yekora-E. Waria river-mouth: Sapa Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 223-ABA-bb yekora-W. Mo upper valley: Posei Ana Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 223-ABA-c Zia Waria lower valley Hercules bay Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 323-ABA-ca zia tsia, ziya, "lower" waria Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 323-ABA-d Mawae Waria valley:Iema Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 323-ABA-da mawae Papua New Guinea (Morobe; Oro) 323-ABB BINANDERE+

AMBASI net23-ABB-a Binandere Tavi valley Kurureda Papua New Guinea (Oro; Morobe

adjacent)3

23-ABB-aa binandere ioma-binandere Papua New Guinea (Oro) 323-ABB-b Ambasi Bekabari Katura coast Papua New Guinea (Oro) 323-ABB-ba ambasi-A. tain-daware, davari, dawari Papua New Guinea (Oro) 323-ABB-bb killerton Killerton coast Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABC AEKA net23-ABC-a Aeka Opi upper valley Kumusi+ Jajau valleys Papua New Guinea (Oro) 323-ABC-aa aeka aiga Papua New Guinea (Oro) 323-ABD OROKAIVA+

HUNJARA net23-ABD-a Orokaiva orakaiva Kumusi upper valley Garuro coast Papua New Guinea (Oro) 423-ABD-aa wasida waseta, wasera, waseda Saiho Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABD-ab jegasi+ saruhu Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABD-ac periho berepo Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABD-ad kombu+ sangara Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABD-ae sairope Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABD-af kendata Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABD-ag jegarata+ kakendetta Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABD-ah sohe Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABD-ai popondetta Popondetta Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABD-aj doboduru dubuduru Hongerata Garuro Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABD-b Hunjara Kokoda Sairope Papua New Guinea (Oro) 323-ABD-ba hunjara huntjara, koko Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3


23-ABE EWAGE+ NOTU net23-ABE-a Ewage+ Notu Papua New Guinea (Oro) 423-ABE-aa ewage-buna Auro+ Buna coast Papua New Guinea (Oro) 423-ABE-ab ewage-gona* Papua New Guinea (Oro) 323-ABE-aba yega-W. Killerton>S. (Oro)23-ABE-abb okeina okena===Porlock Harbour (Oro)23-ABE-ac notu Embogo Pongani coast; migr> Porlock Harbour Papua New Guinea (Oro) 3*23-ABF GAINA net23-ABF-a Gaina Bariji lower left-bank: Iwugi Papua New Guinea (Oro) 323-ABF-aa bareji baredji, bariji Papua New Guinea (Oro) 323-ABF-ab gaina-A. Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-ABG BARUGA net23-ABG-a Baruga Musa valley Papua New Guinea (Oro) 323-ABG-aa songadi+ karisoa Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-ABG-aaa songadi Bariji river-mouth (Oro)23-ABG-aab karisoa Musa river-mouth: Karisoa (Oro)23-ABG-ab tugari Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABG-ac gombara Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABG-ad kinjaki Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABG-ae kakasa Kakasa Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABG-af embessa Embessa Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABG-ag gugumu Gugumu Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABG-ah totore Totore Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-ABH DOGORO net23-ABH-a Dogoro Bendorada Sebaga coast Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-ABH-aa dogoro Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-ABI KORAFE net23-ABI-a Korafe Cape Nelson cape Papua New Guinea (Oro) 323-ABI-aa korafe-A. korape, korafi, kwarafe, okeina, kailikaili Papua New Guinea (Oro) 323-ABI-ab mokorua yega-E. Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-B FUYUGE+ WERI set GOILALAN Latin script23-BA BIANGAI chain23-BAA BIANGAI net23-BAA-a Biangai Bulolo headwaters: Wau Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 323-BAA-aa ngowiye Papua New Guinea (Morobe)23-BAA-ab yongolei Papua New Guinea (Morobe)23-BB WERI chain23-BBA WERI net23-BBA-a Weri weli, wele Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 323-BBA-aa sim Papua New Guinea (Morobe)23-BBA-ab biaru+ waria Papua New Guinea (Morobe)23-BBA-aba biaru Biaru headwaters (Morobe)23-BBA-abb 'upper'-waria Waria headwaters (Morobe)23-BBA-ac ono Ono headwaters Papua New Guinea (Morobe)23-BC KUNIMAIPA+ GAJILI

chain23-BCA KUNIMAIPA+ GAJILI

net23-BCA-a Gajili Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 323-BCA-aa gajili gajila, gazili, ghazili Bubu valley Papua New Guinea (Morobe) 323-BCA-b Kunimaipa "pseudo" gajili Kunimaipa Inwatunga headwaters Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-BCA-ba karuama Papua New Guinea (Central)23-BCA-bb kate hate Papua New Guinea (Central)23-BD TAUADE chain23-BDA TAUADE net23-BDA-a Tauade Angabunga Alabule headwaters Papua New Guinea (Central; Oro) 423-BDA-aa tauade tauata Papua New Guinea (Central; Oro) 423-BE FUYUGE chain23-BEA FUYUGE net23-BEA-a Fuyuge fujuge, fuyughe, mafufu, woitape Papua New Guinea (Central; Oro) 423-BEA-aa auga Auga upper valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-BEA-ab dilava Dilava upper valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-BEA-ac ononge vanapa, onange, fuyuge-C. Vanapa middle valley: Ononge Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-BEA-ad chirima Chirima valley Papua New Guinea (Central; Oro) 3


23-C KOIALI+ BARAI set KOIARIAN Latin script23-CA KOIALI+ KOIARI

chainKOIARIC

23-CAA KOIALI net "mountain" koiari23-CAA-a Koiali-E Kumusi headwaters Papua New Guinea (Oro) 323-CAA-aa awoma Awoma Tetebe Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-CAA-ab kovio Kovio Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-CAA-b Koiali-N. Mambara left-bank Papua New Guinea (Oro) 323-CAA-ba koiali-N. Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-CAA-c Koiali-W. Vanapa river-basin Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-CAA-ca koiali-W. Vanapa river-basin Papua New Guinea (Central)23-CAA-d Koiali-C. Brown upper river-basin Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-CAA-da koiali-C. Brown upper river-basin Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-CAA-e Koiali-S. Goldie valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-CAA-ea varagadi varagadi community Papua New Guinea (Central)23-CAA-eb uberi uberi community Uberi Papua New Guinea (Central)23-CAA-ec moroka moroka community Papua New Guinea (Central)23-CAA-ed herei herei community Papua New Guinea (Central)23-CAA-ee eava eava community Papua New Guinea (Central)23-CAB KOIARI+ KOITA net23-CAB-a Koita koitabu Port Moresby-N. Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-CAB-aa koita-W. Gorohu coast Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-CAB-ab koita-E. Brown lower valley Roku coast Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-CAB-b Koiari "grass" koiari Sogeri plateau: Port Moresby-E. Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-CAB-ba koiari-W. Sogeri Papua New Guinea (Central)23-CAB-bb koiari-E. Agitana Papua New Guinea (Central)23-CB BARAI+

MANAGALASI chainBARAIC

23-CBA BARAI+ UMWATEnet

23-CBA-a Barai+ Umwate Owen Stanley Range high valleys Papua New Guinea (Central);(Oro)

3

23-CBA-aa nigubaiba Doe Papua New Guinea (Central)23-CBA-ab barai Sorikoro Papua New Guinea (Central)23-CBA-ac pitoni Papua New Guinea (Central)23-CBA-ad tabu Papua New Guinea (Central)23-CBA-ae laroni Mimai Papua New Guinea (Central)23-CBA-af manoa Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-CBA-ag mogoni Iaure Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-CBA-ah umwate Umwate Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-CBA-ai ufia Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-CBA-aj kokora Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-CBA-ak pirimi Kiar Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-CBA-al emo Emo River Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-CBA-am seramina formerly Papua New Guinea 023-CBA-an uala Papua New Guinea 023-CBB MANAGALASI+

MIE net23-CBB-a mie aomie, managalasi-H Mamama Kumusi upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Oro) 323-CBB-aa zuwadza Kumusi upper valley: Managubi Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-CBB-ab asapa mie-C. Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-CBB-ac gora+ bomahouji Lamington-S. mountain Gora+ Bomahouji Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-CBB-b Managalasi managulasi Bariji left-bank: Lamington mountain Papua New Guinea (Oro) 323-CBB-ba nami Kwarue Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-CBB-bb mesari Jorara+ Natanga Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-CBB-bc averi Natanga-N. Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-CBB-bd minjori Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-CBB-be numba Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-CBB-bf akabara Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-CBB-bg wakue Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 15123-CBB-bh karira Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-CBB-bi jimuni Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-CBB-bj oko Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-CBB-bk afore Afore Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-CBB-bl muaturaina Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-CBB-bm chimona Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-CBB-bn dea Papua New Guinea (Oro)23-D KWALE+ HUMENE

setpart of "kwalean" grouping Latin script

23-DA KWALE+ HUMENEchain

23-DAA KWALE+ HUMENEnet

23-DAA-a Humene+ Lagume manukolu Iovei coast Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-DAA-aa humene Manugoro Papua New Guinea (Central)23-DAA-ab lagume lakume Gobuia Papua New Guinea (Central)23-DAA-b Kwale+ Garia Kemp+ Welch right-bank Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-DAA-ba kwale kware, tware, uare Kwale-W. Papua New Guinea (Central)23-DAA-bb garia Hunter lower valley Papua New Guinea (Central)23-E MULAHA set part of "kwalean" grouping 23-EA MULAHA chain 23-EAA MULAHA net 23-EAA-a Mulaha muzaha+ zareba extinct submerged by [23] Humene Gaile-SE. Papua New Guinea (Central) 023-EAA-aa mulaha-A. muzaha Papua New Guinea (Central) 023-EAA-ab iaibu Papua New Guinea (Central) 023-F MARIA+ DOROMU

setMANUBARAN Latin script

23-FA MARIA+ DOROMUchain

23-FAA DOROMU+ KOKILAnet

23-FAA-a Doromu+ Kokila doram Brown-W. mountain Papua New Guinea (Central);(Oro)

2

23-FAA-aa kokila Bareika Papua New Guinea (Central)23-FAA-ab doromu Aramaika Papua New Guinea (Central)23-FAA-ac koriko Lofaika Papua New Guinea (Central);

(Oro)23-FAB MARIA+ DIDIGARU

net23-FAB-a Maria+ Didigaru manubara Waipala upper Lako Imila Bomuguina valleys Papua New Guinea (Central);

(Oro)3

23-FAB-aa didigaru Maranomu Papua New Guinea (Central);(Oro)

2

23-FAB-ab oibu Papua New Guinea (Central) 123-FAB-ac gebi Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-FAB-ad amota Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-FAB-ae maria Maria Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-FAB-af imila Imila valley Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-FAB-ag uderi Papua New Guinea (Central) 123-G YAREBA+ MAGI set "yareban"+ "mailuan" Latin script23-GA YAREBA+ BARIJI

chainYAREBAN

23-GAA BARIJI net23-GAA-a Bariji Bariji right-bank: Samaga Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-GAA-aa bariji aga-bereho Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-GAB YAREBA+ NAWARU

net23-GAB-a Nawaru Moni upper valley Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-GAB-aa nawaru sirio Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-GAB-b Yareba Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-GAB-ba yareba "middle" musa Musa upper river-basin Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-GAC MOIKODI+ ANEME-

WAKE net23-GAC-a Moikodi Dureri river-basin: Moikodi Babudi Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-GAC-aa moikodi doriri, dureri Papua New Guinea (Oro) 2


23-GAC-b Aneme-Wake abie, abia Ianu>N.: Foasi Domara creeks Papua New Guinea (Central);(Oro)

2

23-GAC-ba jari Jari Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-GAC-bb auwaka Auwaka Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-GAC-bc doma Doma Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-GAC-bd buniabura Mori valley: Debana Buniabura villages (now abandoned) Papua New Guinea (Central) 123-GAC-be mori Mori left-bank Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-GB MAGI+ BAUWAKI

chainMAILUAN transition to [23] Yareba+ Bariji

23-GBA BAUWAKI+ DOMUnet

Papua New Guinea (Oro);(Central)

23-GBA-a Bauwaki ba-vake #=true speech Papua New Guinea (Oro);(Central)

2

23-GBA-aa ba-vake-N. Adau valley Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-GBA-ab ba-vake-S. Amau Papua New Guinea (Oro and/or

Central)23-GBA-b Domu Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-GBA-ba domu dom Papua New Guinea (Oro) 223-GBB NEME+ MORAWA net #-da'a =speech23-GBB-a Neme-Da'a 'binahari'-SE. Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-GBB-aa neme-da'a neme, neme'a, nemea Amina middle valley: Oio Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-GBB-b Ma-Da'a 'binahari'-C. Baubagina Liba upper valleys Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-GBB-ba doma-liba doma Liba upper valley: Doma 2 Papua New Guinea (Central)23-GBB-bb sigili Bam Sigili Papua New Guinea (Central)23-GBB-bc apaeva Babauguina valley: Apaeva Papua New Guinea (Central)23-GBB-c Morawa Duramu+ Aniado: Cloudy Bay bay Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-GBB-ca morawa Papua New Guinea (Central)23-GBC MAGI+ LAUA net23-GBC-a Laua Bailebo upper valley: Laua Papua New Guinea (Central) 123-GBC-aa laua "labu" Papua New Guinea (Central) 123-GBC-b Magi mailu Sandbank Orangerie bays Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-GBC-ba domara Baxter bay Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-GBC-bb darava Darava Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-GBC-bc asiaoro Asiaulo Oraoro Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-GBC-bd mailu magi-C. Kulele coast Mailu+ Laluoro+ Loupom islands Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-GBC-be derebai Derebai Selai Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-GBC-bf borebo Borebo coast Eunoro island Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-GBC-bg geagea Onioni Geagea Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-GBC-bh ilai Ilai Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-GBC-bi baibara Oibada Gogo Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-H ONJOB set dagan-NW.; part of dagan grouping Latin script23-HA ONJOB chain23-HAA ONJOB net23-HAA-a Onjob Victory-S. mountain Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-HAA-aa onjob onjab Naukwata Koreaf Papua New Guinea (Central) 323-I DAGA+ MAIWA set dagan-C.; part of dagan grouping Latin script23-IA DAGA+ MAPENA

chain23-IAA DAGA net23-IAA-a Daga nawp, 'dim' #dim==cretin Owen Stanley Range valleys Papua New Guinea (Central; Milne

Bay)3

23-IAA-aa bonua Bonua, Bona upper valley Papua New Guinea (Central)23-IAA-ab tavanei Tavanei valley Papua New Guinea (Central)23-IAA-ac ulumanu Ulumanu valley Papua New Guinea (Central)23-IAA-ad ruaba-S. Ruaba headwaters Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)23-IAB MAPENA net23-IAB-a Mapena Gwoira mountain Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 223-IAB-aa mapena Ruaba Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 223-IAC TURAKA* net23-IAC-a Turaka Ruaba>S. Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 223-IAC-aa turaka Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 2


23-IB MAIWA chain23-IBA MAIWA net23-IBA-a Maiwa pue, kwateva Papua New Guinea (Oro); (Milne

Bay)3

23-IBA-aa biniguni Rakua headwaters: Biniguni Papua New Guinea (Oro); (MilneBay)

2

23-IBA-ab wapon maneao Maneao Range-N. mountains: Wapon Maneau Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 223-IBA-ac maiwa-S. Kwagilu+ Yome headwaters Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 223-IBA-ad pumani Pumani Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 223-IBA-ae baiawa moibiri Moi-Biri bay: Baiawa Yome valley Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 223-IC JIMAJIMA chain23-ICA JIMAJIMA net23-ICA-a Jimajima dima Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 223-ICA-aa buburida "west-coastal" jimajima Buburida coast Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 223-ICA-ab ruaba "east-inland" jimajima Ruaba valley Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 223-J UMANAKAINA set dagan-E.; part of dagan grouping Latin script23-JA UMANAKAINA chain23-JAA UMANAKAINA net23-JAA-a Umanakaina gwedena, gweda, gwede, gvede, umanikaina Goodenough bay Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 323-JAA-aa umanakaina-N. 'umanakaina-E.' Radarada Augwana Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 323-JAA-ab ugu umanakaina-S. Ugu upper valley Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 323-K GINUMAN+ KANASI

setdagan-SE.; part of dagan grouping Latin script

23-KA GINUMAN chain23-KAA GINUMAN net23-KAA-a Ginuman Nakara, Naraka coast Simpson mountain Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-KAA-aa ginuman dime Papua New Guinea (Central) 223-KB KANASI chain23-KBA KANASI net23-KBA-a Kanasi dima, sona Thompson mountain Papua New Guinea (Central);

(Milne Bay)3

23-KBA-aa kanasi-NW. Kutu valley: Dombasaina Papua New Guinea (Central);(Milne Bay)

23-KBA-ab kanasi-NE. Mase valley: Subinesa Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)23-KBA-ac kanasi-SE. Laimado valley: Saroro-H Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay)23-KBA-ad kanasi-SW. Origuna valley: Kuru Papua New Guinea (Central)


24= TRANSIRIANICphylozone

covers the "Transirianic" or "West-Central Trans-New Guinea"grouping (part of the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis);comprising 22 sets of languages (= 251 outer languages)spoken by communities in Australasia, spread across NewGuinea from Bomberai Peninsula to Umboi Island:

24-A MOR 24-B BAHAM+ KARAS24-C TANAMERAH+ MER 24-D WOLA+ UHUNDU24-E DEM 24-F ILAGA+ KWERBA24-G BUYAKA+ DEMTA 24-H KAYGIR+ ATOHWAIM24-I OKABA+ YAQAY 24-J GOGODALA+ SUKI24-K KAWENAK+ DUNA 24-L AUGU+ ENGA24-M KALAM+ PINAI 24-N MEDLPA+ KUMAN24-O ASARO+ FORE 24-P USARUFA+ TAIRORA24-Q KENATI 24-R SIMBARI+ ANGATIHA24-S NAHU+ URII 24-T TIMBE+ TOBO24-U KATE+ MONGI 24-V KOVAI


24-A MOR set24-AA MOR chain24-AAA MOR net24-AAA-a Mor Bomberai-N. peninsula: Bintuni bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 124-AAA-aa mor Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 124-B BAHAM+ KARAS set BOMBERAI-WEST Latin script24-BA KARAS chain24-BAA KARAS net24-BAA-a Karas Bomberai-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 224-BAA-aa karas Karas island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 224-BB BAHAM+ IHA chain24-BBA BAHAM+ IHA net24-BBA-a Iha+ Kapaur Bomberai-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-BBA-aa iha Fakfak>N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-BBA-ab kapaur Fakfak Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-BBA-b Baham Bomberai-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-BBA-ba baham Fakfak>SE. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-C TANAMERAH+ MER

setLatin script

24-CA TANAMERAH chain24-CAA TANAMERAH net24-CAA-a Tanamerah Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-CAA-aa tanamerah sumeri, sumerine Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-CB MER+ MAIRASI chain24-CBA MER+ MAIRASI net24-CBA-a Mairasi-C. Bomberai peninsula: Aturasa valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-CBA-aa mairasi-aturasa Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-CBA-ab faranjao faranyao Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-CBA-ac kaniran Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-CBA-b Mairasi-E.* mairasi-NE. Bomberai peninsula: Urama valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-CBA-ba mairasi-E. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-CBA-c Mer Bomberai peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 224-CBA-ca mer muri, miere Wosimi+ Uremo headwaters Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 224-CBA-d Semimi Bomberai peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2*24-CBA-da semimi Triton Etna bays Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-D WOLA+ UHUNDU set "wissel lakes"+ kemandoga Latin script24-DA WOLA+ EKARI chain24-DAA WOLA+ EKARI net24-DAA-a Ekari+ Simori ekagi Enarotali Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-DAA-aa ekari ekagi, kapauku Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-DAA-aaa ekari-A. (Irian Jaya)24-DAA-aab mee-mana (Irian Jaya)24-DAA-aac tapiro (Irian Jaya)24-DAA-aad paniai (Irian Jaya)24-DAA-aae tigi (Irian Jaya)

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 15524-DAA-ab simori Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-DAA-ac yabi jabi Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-DAA-ad mapiya+ kegata Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-DAA-ada mapiya mapia (Irian Jaya)24-DAA-adb kegata (Irian Jaya)24-DAA-b Wola+ Mo Kemandoga Mbiyandogo valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 424-DAA-ba wola-ni wola, woda-ni, woda, woda-mo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 424-DAA-bb mo-ni Enarotali-E.: Dugindoga Hegenagi Kemandoga valleys Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 424-DAA-bba mo-ni-A. mo (Irian Jaya)24-DAA-bbb miga-ni miga (Irian Jaya)24-DAA-bbc jonggu-nu jonggu, djonggu-nu (Irian Jaya)24-DAA-bc awembak awembiak, moni-S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-DAA-c Auye Seriwo valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 224-DAA-ca auye auwje Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 224-DB UHUNDU+ AMUNG

chainDAMAL

24-DBA UHUNDU+ AMUNGnet

24-DBA-a Uhundu+ Amung damal==Carstens mountains Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 424-DBA-aa uhundu-ni uhundu, damal "proper", in [52] Nederlands: oehoendoe-ni Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-DBA-ab amung-me amung, amung-kal, amuy, hamung Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-DBA-ac enggipilu in [52] Nederlands: enggipiloe Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-E DEM set Latin script24-EA DEM chain24-EAA DEM net24-EAA-a Dem Rouffaer upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-EAA-aa dem lem, ndem Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-F ILAGA+ KWERBA set Latin script24-FA ILAGA+ NDUGA

chainGREAT-DANI, dani+ kwerba-S.

24-FAA WANO net24-FAA-a Wano Rouffaer upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-FAA-aa wano24-FAB ILAGA+ WAMENA

netDANI

24-FAB-a Ilaga+ Yamo dani-W., dani-barat, ilaga-dani, lani, laany, oeringoep, timoriniKemandoga-W. Baliem Grand Valley-E. valleys


24-FAB-aa 'pyramid'-dani Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 424-FAB-ab bokondini-dani Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 424-FAB-ac 'swart-valley'-dani Swart valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-FAB-ad balim-N. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 424-FAB-ae yamo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 424-FAB-af sinak Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-FAB-ag ilaga Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 324-FAB-b Tulem "mid-grand-valley" dani, dani-tulem Baliem Grand Valley central

valleysIndonesia (Irian Jaya) 4

24-FAB-ba tulem Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 424-FAB-c Wamena "lower-grand-valley" dani, dani-wamena Bele Grand Valley lower

valleyIndonesia (Irian Jaya) 4

24-FAB-ca dani-wodo wodo 2 Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-FAB-cb kimbin Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-FAB-cc 'upper'-bele Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-FAB-cd 'lower'-bele Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-FAB-ce aikhe "lower" aikhe Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-FAB-cf 'upper-pyramid' Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-FAB-cg hitigima dani-kurima, "lower-grand-valley" hitigima Indonesia (Irian Jaya)24-FAB-d Hupla "beliem-gorge" Beliem-E. gorge Indonesia (Irian J

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