THE HONEYMOONLecture Eighteen

I.) FIRST YEARS OF INDEPENDENCEBeing enjoyed by the majority of Africans,

1960’sIn control of their own Nation/States

II.) A GREAT TIME TO BE ALIVEA.) Great expectationsB.) High participationC.) Tremendous energy

1.) Lots accomplished2.) With enthusiasm

Ghana

1957 Ghana

2007

III.) STATE APPARATUS GREARED FOR INTERVENTIONA.) New leaders: take over and use it to African

advantageB.) Profits from resources for real development

1. Some “African Socialism” (Tanzania, Ghana) 2. Socialism built on African values “Arusha Declaration” – 1967

“Ujamaa”– forced villiagization, literally “family”

3. Unsuccessful4. But created a big state

III.) STATE APPARATUS GEARED FOR INTERVENTIONC.) “Para-statal” – Blend of private and

governmentPlace a state official in charge of a factorySuccessful for quite a long time

IV.) ECONOMIC GROWTH CONTINUEDA.) The GNP of all sub-Saharan countries

grew in 1960’s and early 1970’s; each year 2 – 3 %

B.) But no diversity, or development of domestic markets

C.) However, buoyant world market, things were good. Gross domestic savings (GDS) and gross domestic investments (GDI) in Africa, 1960–93.

V.) AFRICAN LEADERS PROVIDEDA. ) Schools B.) Health care

Nairobi University

VI.) FIRST FRUITS OF INDEPENDENCE

New currency, new leaders, good economy, universities, prosperous villages w/ new schools

front row, President Gregoire Kayibanda of Rwanda, President (later self-proclaimed Emperor) Jean Bedel Bokassa of the Central African Republic (later Empire), Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, President Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya, Prime Minister Ismail al-Azhari of the Sudan, and President Joseph Desire Mobutu (later Mobutu Sese Seko) of the Congo (later Zaire). Second row, second from left, President Milton Obote of Uganda, President Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, and Prime Minister Ibrahim Egal of Somalia

VII.) A NEW AGE IN AFRICAA.) BUT, OMENS ON THE HORIZON: Investment in status symbol projects, not

investment in on-going development

B.) Developed a sense of identity

C.) Tolerant of opposition, but beginnings of oppression

DISCUSSION QUESTIONSWhy do Africans, old enough to remember

independence, look back with BOTH nostalgia and bitterness?

How did the colonial system contribute to the success, and later failure, of the newly independent African states?