THE HONEYMOONLecture Eighteen
I.) FIRST YEARS OF INDEPENDENCEBeing enjoyed by the majority of Africans,
1960’sIn control of their own Nation/States
II.) A GREAT TIME TO BE ALIVEA.) Great expectationsB.) High participationC.) Tremendous energy
1.) Lots accomplished2.) With enthusiasm
Ghana
1957 Ghana
2007
III.) STATE APPARATUS GREARED FOR INTERVENTIONA.) New leaders: take over and use it to African
advantageB.) Profits from resources for real development
1. Some “African Socialism” (Tanzania, Ghana) 2. Socialism built on African values “Arusha Declaration” – 1967
“Ujamaa”– forced villiagization, literally “family”
3. Unsuccessful4. But created a big state
III.) STATE APPARATUS GEARED FOR INTERVENTIONC.) “Para-statal” – Blend of private and
governmentPlace a state official in charge of a factorySuccessful for quite a long time
IV.) ECONOMIC GROWTH CONTINUEDA.) The GNP of all sub-Saharan countries
grew in 1960’s and early 1970’s; each year 2 – 3 %
B.) But no diversity, or development of domestic markets
C.) However, buoyant world market, things were good. Gross domestic savings (GDS) and gross domestic investments (GDI) in Africa, 1960–93.
V.) AFRICAN LEADERS PROVIDEDA. ) Schools B.) Health care
Nairobi University
VI.) FIRST FRUITS OF INDEPENDENCE
New currency, new leaders, good economy, universities, prosperous villages w/ new schools
front row, President Gregoire Kayibanda of Rwanda, President (later self-proclaimed Emperor) Jean Bedel Bokassa of the Central African Republic (later Empire), Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, President Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya, Prime Minister Ismail al-Azhari of the Sudan, and President Joseph Desire Mobutu (later Mobutu Sese Seko) of the Congo (later Zaire). Second row, second from left, President Milton Obote of Uganda, President Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, and Prime Minister Ibrahim Egal of Somalia
VII.) A NEW AGE IN AFRICAA.) BUT, OMENS ON THE HORIZON: Investment in status symbol projects, not
investment in on-going development
B.) Developed a sense of identity
C.) Tolerant of opposition, but beginnings of oppression
DISCUSSION QUESTIONSWhy do Africans, old enough to remember
independence, look back with BOTH nostalgia and bitterness?
How did the colonial system contribute to the success, and later failure, of the newly independent African states?
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