Lecture 3 Chpt 3 Development of Approaches
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Transcript of Lecture 3 Chpt 3 Development of Approaches
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7/30/2019 Lecture 3 Chpt 3 Development of Approaches
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Chapter 3
The Development of Approaches to
Communication
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The Rhetorical Tradition:Developing Communication
Theory
Rhetorical Pedagogy
Aristotles Rhetoric
Very insightful book on persuasion three parts
Defined rhetoric as persuasion.
Cicero
Influenced by Aristotle
Created the canons of rhetoric & rhetorical theory.
Wrote books on rhetoric, impacting education acrossRome; De Oratore
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Basic Rhetorical Concepts
Canons of Oratory
Invento/Invention
Dispositio/Arrangement
Elocutio/Style
Memoria/Memory
Pronuntiatio/Delivery
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Canons of Oratory
Invento/Invention
Types of Oratory
Forensic speaking Deliberative speaking
Epideictic oratory
Developing Arguments
Koinoi topoi Eide topoi
Enthymeme
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Canons of Oratory
Invento/Invention (cont)
Aristotles Forms of Proof Ethos source credibility
Pathos emotional appeals
Logos -- argument
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Canons of Oratory
Elocutio/Style 3 Levels of Language Style
Plain
Middle
Grand
Literary figures of speech were taught Energia
Basic Functions of Discourse To inform
To please
To persuade
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Canons of Oratory
Pronuntiatio/Delivery Regulation of voice and gestures
Varying rate, volume, and pitch Using non-dramatic gestures
Systematic evaluation of speech delivery
Developed into the study of nonverbal
communication.
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Canons of Oratory
Memoria/Memory
Highly prevalent in the self-help market
Memory improvement
Used vivid imagery to remember a speech
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Descriptive Models of
Communication
The Schramm Model of Communication
Most basic model of communication
First to introduce basic elements ofcommunication
Encoding
Decoding
Feedback
Missing noise element
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Berlos SMRC Model of Communication
4 key elements exemplify models of
communication. Source
Message
Channel
Receiver Treated 5 senses as channels of
communication; key concept process.
Descriptive Models of
Communication
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The McCroskey Model of Communication
More complete model of communication
process Noise element expanded to encoding and
decoding (intrapersonal noise)
For the source and receiver
In the primary channel
In the feedback channel
Feedback
Feedback-induced adaptation
Descriptive Models of
Communication
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The Ruesch and Bateson Model Concerned with communication functions
Evaluating
Receiver evaluates source
Message content
Nonverbal behaviors
Source evaluates receiver Audience analysis
Sending
Channeling
Receiving
Descriptive Models of
Communication
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The Ruesch and Bateson Model (Cont)
4 Levels of analysis Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Group
Cultural
Descriptive Models of
Communication
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The Westley-MacLean Model
Mediated or mass communication context
Includes intermediary in the communicationprocess, between:
Original source
Ultimate receiver
Intervening individuals Gatekeeper
Descriptive Models of
Communication