Chapter 3-4 Practice Quiz Microbiology Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following statements is true? 1) _______ A) Endospores are easily stained in a Gram stain. B) Endospores are for reproduction. C) Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes. D) A cell produces one endospore and keeps growing. E) A cell can produce many endospores. 2) Which of the following statements about gram-negative cell walls is false? 2) _______ A) They are sensitive to penicillin. B) They have an extra outer layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and phospholipids. C) They are toxic to humans. D) Their Gram reaction is due to the outer membrane. E) They protect the cell in a hypotonic environment. 3) The best use of a negative stain is A) To determine cell size. B) To determine cell shape. C) To see endospores. D) To determine Gram reaction. E) A and B 3) _______

4) Which of the following have a cell wall? 4) _______ A) Protoplasts B) Animal cells C) Mycoplasmas D) Fungi E) L forms 5) The best definition of osmotic pressure is 5) _______ A) The movement of solute molecules from a higher to a lower concentration. B) The movement of solute molecules from a lower to a higher concentration across a semipermeable membrane. C) The movement of a substance across a semipermeable membrane from a higher to a lower concentration. D) The force with which a solvent moves across a semipermeable membrane from a higher to a lower concentration. E) The active transport of a substance out of a cell to maintain equilibrium. 6) Which microscope is used to observe a specimen that emits light when illuminated with an ultraviolet light? 6) _______ A) Darkfield microscope B) Electron microscope C) Phase-contrast microscope D) Compound light microscope E) Fluorescence microscope 7) The appearance of gram-positive bacteria after adding the counterstain in the Gram stain.7) _______ A) Purple B) Red C) Colorless D) Brown 8) Place the steps of the Gram stain in the correct order: 1-Alcohol-acetone; 2-Crystal violet; 3-Safranin; 4-Iodine. 8) _______ A) 1-2-3-4 B) 4-3-2-1 C) 2-1-4-3 D) 2-4-1-3 E) 1-3-2-4

9) This microscope produces an image of a light cell against a dark background; internal structures are

NOT visible.

9) _______

A) Compound light microscope B) Phase-contrast microscope C) Darkfield microscope D) Fluorescence microscope E) Electron microscope 10) Simple staining is often necessary to improve contrast in this microscope. 10) ______ A) Fluorescence microscope B) Phase-contrast microscope C) Electron microscope D) Darkfield microscope E) Compound light microscope 11) By which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration? 11) ______ A) Active transport B) Facilitated diffusion C) Simple diffusion D) Aquaporins E) Extracellular enzymes 12) What is the total magnification of a chloroplast viewed with a 10x ocular lens and a 45x objective lens? 12) ______ A) 45x B) 450x C) 4.5xD) 10x E) 100x 13) ______

13) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the plasma membrane? A) Is composed of a phospholipid bilayer B) Is selectively permeable C) Is the site of cell wall formation D) Contains proteins E) Maintains cell shape Figure 4.1

14) Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is streptococci? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e 15) Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is a bacillius? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e 16) Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is a tetrad? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e

14) ______ 15) ______ 16) ______ 17) ______

17) In this microscope, the observer does NOT look at an image through a lens. A) Compound light microscope B) Phase-contrast microscope C) Darkfield microscope D) Fluorescence microscope

E) Electron microscope 18) Which of the following is NOT correct? 18) ______ A) 1 m = 10-6 m B) 1 nm = 10-6 m C) 1 m = 103 nm D) 1 nm = 10-9 m E) 1 m = 10-3 mm Figure 4.3

19) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is a gram-negative cell wall? A) a B) b C) Both a and b D) Neither a nor b E) Can't tell

19) ______

20) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall has a wall that protects against osmotic lysis? 20) ______ A) a B) b C) Both a and b D) Neither a nor b E) Can't tell 21) The purpose of a mordant in the Gram stain is21) ______ A) To make gram-negative cells visible. B) To make the bacterial cells larger. C) To remove the simple stain. D) To make the flagella visible. E) To prevent the crystal violet from leaving the cells. 22) Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotic cells? 22) ______ A) Their DNA is not associated with histones. B) Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane. C) They have cell walls containing peptidoglycan. D) They lack a plasma membrane. E) They lack membrane-enclosed organelles. 23) You find colorless areas in cells in a Gram-stained smear. What should you do next? A) A flagella stain B) A capsule stain C) An acid-fast stain 23) ______

D) A simple stain E) An endospore stain 24) The appearance of gram-negative bacteria after completing the Gram stain. A) Purple B) Red C) Colorless D) Brown 25) Place the following steps in the correct sequence: 1-Staining; 2-Making a smear; 3-Fixing. 25) ______ A) The order doesn't matter B) 3-2-1 C) 1-3-2 D) 1-2-3 E) 2-3-1 26) Which microscope achieves the highest magnification and greatest resolution? A) Compound light microscope B) Phase-contrast microscope C) Darkfield microscope D) Fluorescence microscope E) Electron microscope 26) ______ 24) ______

27) The difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is that facilitated diffusion ______ A) Requires transporter proteins. B) Can move materials from a lower to a higher concentration. C) Doesn't require ATP. D) Can move materials from a higher to a lower concentration. E) Requires ATP.

27)

1) C 2) A 3) E 4) D 5) D 6) E 7) A 8) D 9) C 10) E 11) A 12) B 13) E 14) D 15) C 16) B 17) E 18) B 19) B 20) C 21) E 22) D 23) E 24) B 25) E 26) E 27) A