LEADING UP TO & INCLUDING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

MS. TRUNCHBULL

JK

MS. TURNBULL

COMING TO AMERICA• (Spain)Columbus comes to the indies 1492•Columbian exchange (mercantilism-raw, manufactured, slaves)•God, Glory, Gold

• (British) Puritans •Massachusetts•Free from religious persecution (we want religious toleration)

• (French) •Fur traders/trappers

• (Africans) Slaves•Work on plantations

ENGLISH COLONIZATION•Roanoke (North Carolina) 1585•1st time Starvation disaster, 2nd time Mystery

• Jamestown (Virginia)1606•Charter to create a Joint-stock company (funded by investors)•Failed: no hard work, swamp, poor leadership•Grew Tobacco all along Chesapeake Bay area•Foundation of Virginias economy•Plantations (indentured servants)

•Pushed further west for more farm land

FRENCH COLONIZATION•Looking for Northwest passage (does not exist)•Founds Quebec•The Fur Trade•$$$$$$$$$$•Fashion

ENGLAND CONTROLLING THE COLONIES•King Charles II•Navigation Acts 1660: Control over colonies trading of goods

•King James II•Domination of New England 1686: British appointed leaders

•Glorious Revolution 1688-1689• James II is out •Mary & William of Orange is in•Mini colony rebellion in New England•Mary and Will take out Dom of NE. (Reinstates the colonies)

WHO CONTROLLED WHERE?•European colonization dominated the continent. •Colonized to spread empire and make money.•British – mid-continent along east coast•French – northern and central part of continent•Spanish – southern and western part of continent

EUROPEAN COLONIZATION

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR•English moving west into French and Indian territory made people mad•Unsuccessful attempt by Virginia colonists to take French Fort in Ohio River valley on 1754 marks beginning of war•British & Colonists vs. French & Indians•French retreated up to Canada/ Colonies united to create Albany Plan of the Union- grand council (rejected) / British siege Quebec •Ended with Treaty of Paris (1763) East of Mississippi given to Britain/ West given to Spain (+New Orleans).•Colonists question the authority of Britain, tensions rise, move west

1. What tactic did the British use to win the city of Quebec?(A) They fought in the open, as was common in Europe. (B) They laid siege to the city.(C) They borrowed military tactics from the Iroquois. (D) They hid behind rocks and trees.

2. How did the French and Indian War strain relations between the British and the American colonists?

(A) The British believed that the colonists did not provide enough support.

(B) The colonists felt a loss of respect for the British military.

(C) The colonists wanted to expand and prosper on their own without the help of the British.

(D) All of the above

1. What tactic did the British use to win the city of Quebec?(A) They fought in the open, as was common in Europe. (B) They laid siege to the city.(C) They borrowed military tactics from the Iroquois. (D) They hid behind rocks and trees.

2. How did the French and Indian War strain relations between the British and the American colonists?

(A) The British believed that the colonists did not provide enough support.

(B) The colonists felt a loss of respect for the British military.

(C) The colonists wanted to expand and prosper on their own without the help of the British.

(D) All of the above

BRITAIN IS A JERK•Colonists are not equals to British citizens•1763- Proclamation Line (no one past Application Mountains)•British have big war debts…lets tax the colonists!•Sugar Act 1764, Quartering Act 1765, Stamp Act 1765(repealed ‘76)•Boycott the British!•Declaratory Act 1767 (Ya, I’m Britain and I can do what I want)•Townshend Acts 1767-glass & tea•Long story short, “Taxation without Representation”

BOSTON MASSACRE MARCH 5, 1770•Unruly unarmed crowd, British open fire•HELLA TENSIONS AND PEOPLE PISSED AT THE BRITISH•The British then repeal the Townsend taxes•Kept the duty on tea though…(we still have authority)

•Tea Act 1773•British East India company has no taxes, making it cheaper than American Tea and driving the Americans out of business•LETS HAVE A TEA PARTY

THE BOSTON MASSACRE

… BECAUSE WE HAD A PARTY…•Coercive Acts aka Intolerable Acts 1774•Colonies response was the First Continental Congress 1774•Representatives from every colony except Georgia•Agreed to •Boycott British goods•Called the people to form militias•Asked the king for representation

•King George III was like “Nah. Imma do what I want you in rebellion.”

THE REVOLUTION BEGINS!•Shot Heard round the world •1775 British troops on their way to Concord & Lexington to seize weapons stockpiled by Patriots/Rebels•Paul Revere “The British are coming the British are coming”•800 British (more than ¼ ), 70minute men

3. What was the first tax the British imposed over the colonies?

(A) The Tea Act(B) The Stamp Act(C) The Townshend Acts(D) The Sugar Act

4. Which battles sparked the Revolutionary War? (A) The battles against the Intolerable and Tea Acts(B) The Battles of Lexington and Concord(C) The Boston Massacres(D) The Battles of Lexington and Townshend

3. What was the first tax the British imposed over the colonies?

(A) The Tea Act(B) The Stamp Act(C) The Townshend Acts(D) The Sugar Act

4. Which battles sparked the Revolutionary War? (A) The battles against the Intolerable and Tea Acts(B) The Battles of Lexington and Concord(C) The Boston Massacres(D) The Battles of Lexington and Townshend

REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS•Common Sense 1776•Thomas Paine•Convinced a complete break from Britain

•The Declaration of Independence 1776•Declaration of War• Influenced by Enlightenment: natural rights, people have the right to revolt & replace government

FIGHTING THE REVOLUTION• In June 1775, the British and Americans fought for control of two strategically important hills north of Boston: Breed’s Hill and Bunker Hill. The British won the Battle of Bunker Hill, but victory came at a high cost. Almost half of the British soldiers (nearly 1,100 of 2,400) were killed or wounded. Patriot casualties—persons killed, wounded, or missing—numbered fewer than 400.•The remaining British troops were pinned down in Boston for the next nine months. In July 1775, George Washington arrived and, as newly named commanding general of the Patriot forces, worked to transform the militia groups into the Continental Army.

THE BRITISH•Strength: •Well trained/ well armed•Had help: Loyalists (love Britain still) in the colonies/Native Americans/mercenaries •About 1/3 of colonists were Loyalist (1/3 neutral)

•Weakness: War was unpopular back home•Sympathized with Americans•Hated the taxes for the war•Hostile territories

AMERICANS•Strength•Fighting on familiar land•Familiar with fighting tactics from French and Indian War•More African Americans helped the colonists

•Weakness•Not well trained•Not well armed

CROSSING OF THE DELAWARE

Battle of Trenton• Not well trained• Not well armed• Welp, Imma go fight in the

winter• Christmas night• SURPRISE• Captured 1,400 mercenaries

VICTORY AT SARATOGA•September 1777, the Americans attacked and defeated British forces in New York & the British surrendered on October 17. •Turning point in the war.•The American victory at Saratoga brought a foreign power to aid the American cause. France openly entered the war on the side of the Americans, followed by Spain and the Netherlands. •These alliances provided the Americans with much needed supplies, troops, and a navy.

5. Loyalists were ______________.(A) people loyal to the Patriots’ cause(B) people loyal to Great Britain(C) people loyal to the Native American nations(D) people loyal to Canadian independence

6. Which victory brought a foreign power to aid the American cause?

(A) The Battle of Saratoga(B) The Battle of Trenton (C) The Battle of Bunker Hill(D) The Siege of Boston

5. Loyalists were ______________.(A) people loyal to the Patriots’ cause(B) people loyal to Great Britain(C) people loyal to the Native American nations(D) people loyal to Canadian independence

6. Which victory brought a foreign power to aid the American cause?(A) The Battle of Saratoga(B) The Battle of Trenton (C) The Battle of Bunker Hill(D) The Siege of Boston

BATTLE OF YORKTOWN• In August 1781, British General Cornwallis set up camp at

Yorktown, Virginia, to reinforce his troops and wait for the Royal navy to arrive.•Washington, who was in the North, saw the opportunity to

deal the British a fatal blow. A French army had just joined the Continental Army in New York. Washington moved the combined troops south (toward Yorktown), while the French fleet set up a blockade off the Virginia coast to block British ships. • A few days later, Washington’s troops arrived to reinforce

American forces at Yorktown. Cornwallis now faced an army more than twice the size of his own. •With land and sea escape routes blocked, Cornwallis realized

that escape was impossible. On October 19, 1781, Cornwallis surrendered to Washington.

TREATY OF PARIS (1783)• Great Britain, France, Spain, and the United States were involved in the

Treaty.• Major provisions:• Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States of

America.• The northern border between the United States and Canada was set

from New England to the Mississippi River, primarily along the Great Lakes.• The Mississippi River was set as the border between the United

States and Spanish territory to the West. Navigation on the river was open to American and British citizens.• Florida, which Britain had gained from the Spanish, was returned to

Spain.• Britain agreed to withdraw its remaining troops from United States

territory.• The Congress pledged to recommend to the states that the rights and

property of American Loyalists be restored and that no future action be taken against them.

7. The turning point of the Revolutionary War was the battle of ____________.(A) Lexington and Concord(B) Midway(C)Bunker Hill(D) Saratoga

8. The peace treaty that ended the war was called ___________________.

(A) the Treaty of Yorktown(B) the Treaty of Cornwallis(C) the Treaty of Saratoga(D) the Treaty of Paris

7. The turning point of the Revolutionary War was the battle of ____________.(A) Lexington and Concord(B) Yorktown(C)Bunker Hill(D) Saratoga

8. The peace treaty that ended the war was called ___________________.

(A) the Treaty of Yorktown(B) the Treaty of Cornwallis(C) the Treaty of Saratoga(D) the Treaty of Paris