Latin GrammarFourth Principal Part of

VerbsThe Future Participle(Grammar 3C, pp. 168-72)

The Fourth Principal Part You have been learning the fourth

principal part of non-deponent verbs for some time now.

But your book is introducing them for the first time.

The way to learn these is just to memorize lists of principal parts.

We will be using it to form the future participle.

The Fourth Principal Part The fourth principal part of verbs ends in

–us or -um Transitive verbs (verbs that take direct objects) have –

us. Intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take direct objects)

have –um.

amō, amāre, amāuī, amātus

habeō, habēre, habuī, habitus

eō, īrē, iī, itum

ueniō, uenīre, uēnī, uentum

The Future Participle The future participle of non-deponent verbs is

formed by removing the –us or –um from the fourth principal part and adding –ūrus.

amātus => amātūrus

uentum => uentūrus

factus => factūrus

The Future Participle The future participle of deponent verbs is

formed by removing the –us from the perfect deponent participle and adding –ūrus.(The perfect deponent participle is really the same form as the fourth principal part innon-deponent verbs.)

ēgredior, ēgredī, ēgressus sum => ēgressūrus

minor, minārī, minātus sum => minātūrus

The Future Participle The future participle is an adjective of

the first and second declension like multus, -a, -um.

It means about to X on the point of Xing intending to X going to X

The Future Participle Examples:

uirōs ēgressūrōs uīdī.

Iohannēs in aedīs initūrus Marcum conspicātus est.

Iulia locūtūra est.

moritūrī tē salutāmus!

A Side Note Sometimes, when verbs don’t have normal

last principal parts, the future particple is give instead.

sum, esse, fuī, futūrus

fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrus

A Side Note The English word future comes from futūrus:

future time (adjective)

future (noun ?< futūra = things going to be)