Landuse Planning, Priorities and Management

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LANDUSE PLANNING, PRIORITIES

AND MANAGEMENT

BY

I L SNEHA (1221112112)

M MANASA (1221112117)

R S SNIGDHA (1221112131)



DEFINITION

Land use planning is a systematic and iterative procedure carried

out in order to create an enabling environment for sustainable

development of land resources which meets people’s needs and

demands.

It assesses the physical, socio-economic, institutional and legal

potentials and constraints with respect to an optimal and

sustainable use of natural resources and empowers people to make

decisions about how to allocate those resources.



RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT

Ever since independence, India's planners and Policy makers have shown

concern for efficient use of land, water and other natural resources for

accelerated as well as sustainable economic development.

The questions of efficiency, equity and environment protection have been

flagged in almost all Five Year Plans.

It is often reported that the problems of land degradation and

groundwater depletion have assumed serious proportions in many areas

which threaten not only the sustainability of agriculture, but also the

overall livelihood system of the people.



Need for Land Use Planning

In a developing country like India, land is not only an important factor Of

Production, but also the basic means of subsistence (if not prosperity) for

majority of the people.

Agriculture contributes less than 30 percent to India's Gross Domestic

Product, but absorbs nearly 64 percent of the country's working

population.

Land sector cannot bear the burden of growing population, not

withstanding the untapped potentials for agricultural productivity growth

in many regions.

All lands and locations are not equally suitable for profitable, alternative

farming and hence, there is need for cluster approach to development.



Land is required for both agriculture and non-agricultural purposes,

including establishment of industries, housing, roads, parks, railway lines

etc.

The problem arises because market driven, albeit unplanned

diversification as well as urbanization often results in non-sustainable

patterns of development.

A market driven land use pattern may yield higher returns in the short run,but may pose several unmanageable problems for future generations due

to unplanned overexploitation of land, water and other natural resources.

Hence arises the need for appropriate land use planning.

The development process should be sustainable both in the short run and

long run, based on conservation, of land, water, plant and animal genetic

resources.



LANDUSE PLANNING

Mainly three planning levels

• State level planning (State level Plans or Programmes)

• Regional (District) Planning (Regional Plans)

• Municipal Planning (Master Plans and Lay-Out Plans)

Process oriented

• Upper planning level guides development at lower planning level,

while the lower planning levels provide input into the plans

development at higher planning levels.

• Collaboration and co-ordination between concerned governmentalauthorities is compulsory and the necessary procedures to be

followed are relatively strict.

• Social groups and general public are involved.



Plans summarise future demands

All plans summarise the socially accepted future demand for land andresources identified in a democratically organised process involving all

social groups and the general public.

National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning

NRSA conducted land use survey using Remote Sensing Technique in the

year 1988-89. Has 22 categories of land use:Built up land

Agricultural land

Fallow land

Plantations

Forests

Wastelands

etc.



Changes in Land use Patterns Over Time By State



Area Under Detailed Land Use/Land Cover Categories, India



Area Under Various Categories of Wastelands by State



Land use Conflicts in India

"We don't want compensation or any relief package inexchange of the land we are depended upon. The

government should use waste land for industry”- Ramanbhai

Patel, a farmer from Hirapur

Farmers to launch protest against land acquisition in Gujarat;

Dec 9, 2009, Place: Ahmedabad | Agency: PTI

“In the Indian reform story, policies on land have been the

least reformed one”.

“Leaders need to define and reconcile between cultivated

land and industrial land, because agriculture also needs to beefficient. There should be no long term detriment to land

owners”.- Ratan Tata, Industrialist Indian Express, Dec 22

2009, 08:45 hrs Mumbai



Farmers' protest in Delhi underscores India's land woes-August 26,

2010; International Business Times

In New Delhi, about 15,000 flag-waving, slogan-shouting farmers

squatted at a square near parliament after being stopped by police in

riot gear.

Farmers protest against land acquisition in Chattisgarh, 78 held-The

Times of India, Jan 19, 2011

78 Farmers protesting against forcible acquisition of their land for a

3600 mw power plant were arrested and several others lathi charged

in Chhattisgarh's Janjgir Champa district.

India: Uttar Pradesh farmers protest spreads-Todays’ News; May 9th,

2011

A protest by thousands of farmers against alleged forced acquisition of

land has spread to parts of the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

Power plants protest shows industry - farmer rift-Published on Fri, Jan

21, 2011 at 17:34 | Source : Reuters

Hundreds of stone-hurling farmers protested in Uttar Pradesh against

the takeover of their land for two proposed power plants on Friday,

police said, spotlighting challenges the country faces in building

infrastructure.



Key Concerns Industry is one of the major drivers for land use changes

Lack of integrated spatial planning-Spatial planning (State Plans, Regional

Plans, Master Plans etc.) where sites/zones for setting up of industries or

industrial estates are specified has limited existence.

Haphazard land use changes-

Housing/residential areas

Commercial areas

Amenities and facilities such as schools, hospitals, hotels etc.

Infrastructure, viz. roads, rail etc.

Water, waste water and waste storage/treatment installations

Ancillary industries and service industry



Pollution and disaster threats

Handling, storage and transportation of hazardous

chemicals/materials

Emission of pollutants including toxic emissions

Effluents, especially those that are not easily biodegradable and

toxic

Pollution of ground water, streams, rivers, lakes, oceans, or other

bodies of water. Hazardous wastes –liquids, solids, contained

gases or sludges.

Industrial disaster risks and natural disaster risks

Over exploitation of resources

Eg. Inadequate water to cater to both industry and agriculture



Emerging issues The Low level of agricultural productivity coupled with inadequate

farm and non-farm diversification, low level of technological change

and lack of infrastructural facilities of irrigation, roads, market etc. act

as major constraints to rural development in general.

But high rates of soil erosion, land degradation and groundwater

depletion in many regions due to indiscriminate use of land, water and

other natural resources have posed additional threat to ecological

balance and sustainability of livelihood system of the people.

Therefore, any planning for land use should attempt to solve the

general problems of underdevelopment and arrest area specific non-

sustainable trends and patterns of development.



All types of lands and locations are not equally suitable for

profitable, albeit alternative enterprises. Hence, cluster

approach to development, based on agroclimatic as well astechno-economic potentials of each region would be

essential.

The Agro-climatic Regional Planning Unit of the Planning

Commission, ICAR, Land Use Boards and several other

organizations have generated lot of data and also developed

plans for efficient use of land for a number of selected areas.

Finally, there is need for update and accurate land use data

for various regions. The differences in data from the available

sources would have to be reconciled.



Land use management suggestions

Initiate integrated spatial planning

Undertake land use planning for “Special/priority Areas”.

Identify and plan industrial ‘Investment Regions’ minimizing

conflicts with agricultural use.

Identify/demarcate preferential lands, other than agricultural

lands, for developmental activities


lands, for developmental activities.


lands, for developmental activities. Relocation of polluting industries and Industrial Estates/Clusters

from agricultural areas



National level and state land use policy to be developed for

protecting agricultural land use while achieving developmental

objectives.

Guidelines for land use planning and management to be

developed for all key sectors.

Bring in legal provisions wherever required.

Develop policies/guidelines /actions/rules for regulating

conversion of agricultural land use and protection of agricultural

lands.

Landuse Planning, Priorities and Management

Documents

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