Landsat 8 OLI and TIRS Calibraon Updates and Trends for ...

Aug242017The26thConferenceonCharacteriza8onandRadiometric

Calibra8onforRemoteSensing(CALCON) 1

Landsat8OLIandTIRSCalibra3onUpdatesandTrendsforthePeriod

of4YearofOpera3onRavivLevy,JuliaBarsi,BrianMarkham

Specialthanksto:LawrenceOng,MaJMontanaro,AaronGerace,USGScalvalCrew(RonMorfiJ,EsadMicijevic,CodyAnderson),VicariousCalgroups(UofA:JeffCzapla-MyersandNikAnderson,SDSU:MorakotKaewmanee,LarryLeigh,DennisHelder,RIT:Nina

RaquenoJPL:SimonHook)



Outline•  Background– Whathadhappenedsofar–  On-orbitcalibra3onsmethods

•  OLI–trends–  Rela3vegains–  Absolutegains

•  TIRS–trends–  Absolutegains–  Calibra3onError–latestresults

•  Newuniformityevalua3onmethodforOLIandTIRS•  Summaryandfuturework



Background•  OLIisinthemiddleofits4thyearinorbit•  TIRSpasseditsofficialdesignlife3meby1.5years•  NoChangestoSNRperformance•  Wereportedduringthisperiodabout:

–  6updatestoUSGSLandsatGroundProcessingSystem–  14Calibra3onNo3cespublishedintheUSGSsite(onlyabout⅓ofthoseimpactradiometricupdates)–  2safeholdsevents–  1majorhardwareissue(notincludingstraylight)24calibra3onparametersreleasesinaperiodof18quartersOnMay312017theobservatorypassedthe1stMillionscenes.



Subsetofmajorevents•  2013events

–  1stSafeholdSep192013(ahtudecontrolanomalyfollowingSpecialLunarcollects)–  OLIandTIRScalibra3onupdates–  TIRSoffsetupdate

•  2014events–  2ndSafeholdApril292014(ahtudecontrolanomalyfollowingSpecialSolarDiffusercollectduringannular

eclipse)–  Increasetonumberofscenecollectedperday–  TIRSSSMencoderelectronicscurrentissueisdiscovered(SideA)–  Radgainsupdate–reanalysisofprelaunchdataandshiiingtoReflectancebasedcalibra3onforOLI–  TIRSBiasstraylight1stcorrec3onaJempt–applyingfixedoffsetcorrec3on.

•  2015events–  March2TIRSelectronicschangedtoSideBforcingCPFupdatetorecalibrateTIRSinApril–  Calibra3onupdate–mainlytochangeandrevalidateTIRSsideBparameters.–  Oct-NovTIRSSSMencoderissuerepeatsinSideBforcingchangetonominalopera3onconceptofTIRS–impac3ngcalibra3onsdutycycle

•  2016&2017events–  Noon-orbiteventsmainlyprocessingupdated–  Collec3on-1updates(CA,BluebandsarecorrectedfortrendinresponseandnewTIRSstraylightcorrec3on)–  March2017en3rearchiveisprocessedwithCollec3on-1processing.



On-orbitcalibra3onTheresourcesare:InstrumentBuild-in

OLI–  SolarDiffuser(Absolute,Uniformity,Non-linearity,Stability)–  Lamp(Dailytrendofrela3vechanges)–  ShuJer(offsetcorrec3ons)

TIRS–  Blackbody(trackchangestoAbsolute,Stability,Uniformity,Non-linearity)–  Spaceview(offsetcorrec3ons)

Externalobserva3ons:–  Lunar(monthlytrendofrela3vechanges,Straylight,contamina3on)–  Vicarious–Calsites(automated+/-4%err)–  PIC-Sites–  Allearth-collectsarchive(HistogramandOverlapstatsanalysis)–  Otherspecialcollects



OLIOn-orbitshorttermstability•  Variabilityover3meforallbands

00.010.020.030.040.05

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

variability[%

]

timesincelaunch[years]

RelativeGainVariabilityBetweenConsecutiveDiffuserAcquisitions

CA Blue Green Red NIR SWIR1 SWIR2 Cirrus Pan

PlotcourtesyofJuliaBarsi



OLIOn-boardcalibratortrends:CA

0.985

0.99

0.995

1

1.005

1.01

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Respon

seRela*

veto

Mission

Day75

TimeSinceLaunch[years]

OLICABand1Trends:BandAverage

s,mlamp(working) s,mlamp(backup) s,mlamp(pris,ne) solarpanel(working) solarpanel(pris,ne) lunar GainModel




OLIOn-boardcalibratortrends:Blue

0.985

0.99

0.995

1

1.005

1.01

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Respon

seRela*

veto

Mission

Day75


OLIBlueBand2Trends:BandAverage

s,mlamp(working) s,mlamp(backup) s,mlamp(pris,ne) solar(working) solarpanel(pris,ne) lunar GainModel




OLIOn-boardcalibratortrends:SWIR2

0.985

0.99

0.995

1

1.005

1.01

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Respon

seRela*

veto

MIssion

Day75


OLISWIR2Band7Trends:BandAverage

s,mlamp(working) s,mlamp(backup) s,mlamp(pris,ne) solar(working) solarpanel(pris,ne) Lunar




OLIVicariousCalibra3on•  UniversityofArizonaRadCaTSmeasurementsofRailroadValley(±4%)•  SouthDakotaStateUniversitymeasurementsoflargegrassfieldin

Brookings,SD(±7%)

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RatioofTOASpectralRadiance

(measured/OLI)

Band

OLIVicariousResultsRe=lectanceCalibration

RadCaTS/OLI(13) SDSU/OLI(20)

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RatioofTOASpectralRadiance

(measured/OLI)

Band

OLIVicariousResultsSpectralRadianceCalibration

RadCaTS/OLI(13) SDSU/OLI(20)

PlotcourtesyofJuliaBarsi,JeffCzapla-Myers,MorakotKaewmanee



TIRSLongTermStability:Responsivity•  Instrumentresponsivitycalculatedfromblackbodyand

deepspaceacquisi3ons•  Responsivityindicatessomedegrada3onover3me,but

behaviorchangedwithelectronicsswitch

-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.10

0.1

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

ResponsivityChange[%

]


TIRSResponsivityMetricascalculatedfromper-orbitcalibrationcollects

Band10BA Band11BA SideBswitch

Band10:0.21%peryear




TIRSLongTermStability:Deepspace•  Instrumentresponsetodeepspaceview

-20

-10

0

10

20

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

SignalChange[counts]


TIRSDeepSpaceascalculatedfromper-orbitcalibrationcollects

Band10bandaverage Band11bandaverage Electronicsswitch




TIRSVicariousCalibra3ondata

Alldatahasbeenprocessedwiththestraylightcorrec3on.Atthisscale,dataarenicelyscaJeredaboutthe1:1line,thoughitdoesappeartohaveacalibra3ondifferencebetweenSide-AandSide-Bopera3ons

Allmodules,day3medataonly

6

7

8

9

10

11

6 7 8 9 10 11

ImageRadiance

VicariousRadiance

B10CurrentCalibrationResults

JPLcentermodule RIT,allmodules 1:1line

6

7

8

9

10

11

6 7 8 9 10 11

ImageRadiance

VicariousRadiance

B11CurrentCalibrationResults

JPLcentermodule RIT,allmodules 1:1line

PlotcourtesyofJuliaBarsi,NinaRaqueno,SimonHook



TIRSVicariousCalibra3onResultsSplitCalibra3onResidualerror

•  Assumingnodifferencebetweenelectronics

Band Electronics N

Collec8on-1Residualbias

error[W/m2srum]

Collec8on-1Residualbias

error[K]

Collec8on-1RMSE[K]

10primary 145 -0.02+/-0.01 -0.30 0.51redundant 223 -0.06+/-0.01 -0.41 0.48

11 primary 145 0.07+/-0.02 0.55 0.78redundant 223 0.02+/-0.01 0.13 0.85

•  Only considering daytime data

TablecourtesyofJuliaBarsi



Collec3on-1addi3onofOverlapanalysis

•  U3lizeGeometricprocessingregistra3onandresamplingtoolstofindpixel-pairsintheproducedimagesfromtwoadjacentmodules.

•  ComputetheRa3oandDifferenceovereachsceneforalloverlapzonesinallbandsincludingTIRSinallearthscenes

•  Es3matesarestableandclean.Usingover60,000pairssamplesineachzoneperscene.

•  Sta3s3cshadbeencollectedfortheen3reLandsat8archive(>1,020,271earthscenesasofJune302017)

- 7 - LDCM-DFCB-002 Version 9.0

Figure 2-5. SCA Detector Overlap

2.1.1.2 Detector to L0Ra Pixel (ground) Overview Refer to Figure 2-6 for an OLI example detector to pixel mapping. The detector readout order for the even-numbered SCAs is reversed in the L0Ra image output to account for their ‘flipped’ orientation on the focal plane, and that the VRP pixels are stripped from the image bands.

OLI SCA Overlap Area (approx. 20 pixels)

SCA13 SCA9 SCA11 SCA7 SCA5 SCA3 SCA1

Along Track Direction

Along Track Direction

TIRS SCA Overlap Area 35 pixels between

adjacent SCAs 70 pixels per line total

SCA C

SCA B SCA A

OLI–FPMLayoutandoverlapdiagram(Source–USGS.”Landsat8Level0ReformaJedDataFormatControlBook”hJp://landsat.usgs.gov/documents/LDCM-DFCB-002.pdf)



Updatedplotwithnewdataspanning>4years

Meanofnewdataincludessignallevelsthroughoutthefulldynamicrange.

0.994

0.996

0.998

1

1.002

1.004

1.006

1.008

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Mod

uleOverla

pRa

8oM

ean

Landsat8BandNumber

BoundaryZone1BoundaryZone2BoundaryZone3BoundaryZone4BoundaryZone5BoundaryZone6BoundaryZone7BoundaryZone8BoundaryZone9BoundaryZone10BoundaryZone11BoundaryZone12BoundaryZone13

Prototyperesultstestson<32scenes

Updatedresults>500,000scenes

PlotusedatathroughApril2017



CAband-UniformitytrendFilteredtoasetof530147to553566scenesineachoverlapzone

Overla

pRa

3o

filtered-Black4000scenesmovingAvgSmoothed-Green

0.994

0.996

0.998

1

1.002

1.004

1.006

1.008

0.97

Mod

uleOverla

pRa

2oM

ean




Filteredby:Mean<=signallevelinoverlap<2xmeanandStdevofra3o<(meanstdev)thisresultedinselec3ng287407smoothedbymovingaverageof400scenes.

TIRS-Uniformitytrend

Module-1/Module-2-GreenModule-2/Module-3-Black

Module-1/Module-2-GreenModule-2/Module-3-Black

Overla

pRa

3o

TimeSinceLaunch[Years]

BAND10

BAND11Overla

pRa

3o




Signallevelfiltering

Sincescenesta3s3csincludesthedifferenceandra3oforeachoverlapzone.Themeansignallevelintheoverlapcanbecomputed.Withcolla3ngoverlapra3oresultsforsubsetsofthesignallevelsnewplotsofthera3oover3mecanbeproduced.Residualsignalleveldependentuniformitycorrec3onscanbefound.



CAband-Signallevelfiltering0-0.2Reflectance

0-1Reflectance

0.2-0.6Reflectance

Overla

pRa

3o


Overla

pRa

3o


Overla

pRa

3o

Overla

pRa

3o


Module-3/Module-4-BlackMovingAvgSmoothedModule-3/Module-4-Green

0.6-1Reflectance



Canwesearchforresidualnon-linearity?

•  Selectsubsetofsignalsin20stepsperband•  ComputetheOverlapra3ofromeachsubset•  AverageoverthesubsetandplotforeverySCAoverlapthera3ovs.signallevel.

•  Timeperiodcanbepredefined(Ididnotfilterforthatinthisini3allook)



CABandRa3ocomputedVs.Signallevel

0.994

0.996

0.998

1

1.002

1.004

1.006

1.008

0.97

Mod

uleOverla

pRa

2oM

ean




Summary•  LikeanymissionLandsat8-encountereditson-orbitchallenges–  Impactofon-orbiteventsare<0.3%forallbands(band11SideA/Bswitchexcluded)

–  Stabilityofrela3vegainsinVNIRbands–improvedfollowing1stsafehold

–  StabilityoftheresponseoverallwasminimallyimpactedforOLIandTIRSandiftrendexistsitis<0.3%peryear.

•  Trendsofoverlapstatsandinternalcalibratorscandetectslightvaria3onsintheresponsefollowingon-orbitevents,whileotherexternalsourcesEarth/Lunararenotsensi3veenoughtodetectthesmall(<0.5%)varia3ons.



Summary•  OLIdemonstratesuniformitylevelofbeJerthan0.3%overtheen3redynamicrangewithslightseasonalvaria3onsover3me.

•  TIRSdemonstratesuniformitylevelofbeJerthan0.3%forband10andbeJerthan0.5%forband11.

•  Earthscenebasedmethodofoverlapsta3s3cshasthepoten3alforderivingon-orbitresidualcorrec3onsformodulerela3vegainsincludingupdatesfornon-linearitycorrec3onsacrossthedynamicrange.



Newcalibra3onac3vi3esweareworkingon

•  BuilduptheevidencetoupdateTIRScalibra3onforCollec3on-2.

•  Evaluateusingoverlapsta3s3cstoflaJenOLIandTIRSdata.

•  Evalua3ngotheron-orbitmethodsforassessmentofTIRSuniformity.



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Landsat 8 OLI and TIRS Calibraon Updates and Trends for ...

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