LECTURE 2LECTURE 2

MODELS OF MODELS OF

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIOINTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIONN

A Model of Intercultural CommunicationA Model of Intercultural Communication

A theory to explain why intercultural communication A theory to explain why intercultural communication even happens in the first place even happens in the first place It is an adaptive model when a person engage It is an adaptive model when a person engage themselves in third culture & to explore commonalities themselves in third culture & to explore commonalities Create a culture of similarity Create a culture of similarity Explain the model using the phrase Explain the model using the phrase “ “ perceived perceived cultural differencescultural differences””

(PCD)(PCD)

What causes perceived What causes perceived differences differences ( Dodd page 8)( Dodd page 8)

(1)(1)Cultural contextsCultural contexts

(2)(2)Personality differencesPersonality differences

(3)(3)Relationship attraction Relationship attraction

PCD implies that we assess others PCD implies that we assess others internally, according to scales of similarity internally, according to scales of similarity or dissimilarity ( aka social or dissimilarity ( aka social categorization). What does it lead to?categorization). What does it lead to?

Model of Intercultural CommunicationModel of Intercultural CommunicationAdaptation Model by Dodd, C.H.Adaptation Model by Dodd, C.H.

INT R/SHIPS

PERSONALITY

CULTURE

PCD

Uncertainty/anxiety

The invented culture C

Functional strategies

Intercultural Communication Effectiveness outcome

INT R/SHIPS

PERSONALITY

CULTURE

A Contextual Model of Intercultural A Contextual Model of Intercultural Communication - Neuliep, J.WCommunication - Neuliep, J.W

Cultural Context

Microcultural context

Nonverbal message

Environmental Context

Perceptual context of

person from cullture A

Perceptual context of

person from cullture B

Verbal messages

Sociorelational context

Fundamentals of Fundamentals of intercultural communication intercultural communication

The axioms of Intercultural CommunicationThe axioms of Intercultural CommunicationIntercultural communication assumes perceived cultural differences Intercultural communication assumes perceived cultural differences (PCD)(PCD)Intercultural communication relates to content & relationshipIntercultural communication relates to content & relationshipCommunication style affects first impressionCommunication style affects first impressionIntercultural communication involves uncertainty reductionIntercultural communication involves uncertainty reduction

PCDPCD

What does it imply?What does it imply?People may not share norms, thoughts, People may not share norms, thoughts, structures & systems.structures & systems.PCD explains 2 kinds of communication PCD explains 2 kinds of communication tendencies : drives & motivationtendencies : drives & motivationPCD affects our understanding information PCD affects our understanding information and relationships by evaluating the source and relationships by evaluating the source of miscommunication which attributed to of miscommunication which attributed to differences. differences.

content & relationship levelcontent & relationship level

Communicator affects message Communicator affects message interpretation interpretation

The influence of credibility, interpersonal The influence of credibility, interpersonal attraction , friendship predicts attraction , friendship predicts relationships.relationships.

Communication style affects first Communication style affects first impressionimpression

What affects copmmunication style?What affects copmmunication style?

Qualities and manner of a communicator Qualities and manner of a communicator andand

““styles” or forms of social communicationstyles” or forms of social communication

Self awareness Self awareness

Intercultural communication Intercultural communication involves uncertainty reductioninvolves uncertainty reduction

PredictabilityPredictabilityViewing others as strangersViewing others as strangersLeads to intercultural communication apprehensionLeads to intercultural communication apprehension

How do you reduce uncertainty? What are the phases ?How do you reduce uncertainty? What are the phases ?(1) pre contact(1) pre contact(2) Contact & impression(2) Contact & impression(3) closure involving :(3) closure involving :

- - attributionattribution

- impression consistency- impression consistency- incomplete information- incomplete information- Following cultural norms- Following cultural norms

Developing skills in understanding Developing skills in understanding intercultural axiomsintercultural axioms

Look beyond the surfaceLook beyond the surfaceDevelop curiosity about the internals of culture Develop curiosity about the internals of culture Look for ways in which various communication Look for ways in which various communication sources mold perceptions of groupssources mold perceptions of groupsDiscover ways that relationships affect content Discover ways that relationships affect content and content affect relationships.and content affect relationships.Broaden your views and search for positive Broaden your views and search for positive attributes to balance your views.attributes to balance your views.