L2 fpe3203
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Transcript of L2 fpe3203
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Agricultural TechnologyUp scaling
Lecture 2: Agro-technology Development
FPE 3203FPE 3203
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Problems in agriculture
1. Nutrient runoff promotes algal blooms
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Problems in agriculture2. Pesticides and ecosystems
- Deformities, sex reversals in amphibians - Declining pollinator populations - Compromised immune systems in dolphins, seals, whales
Hayes et al. Atrazine-induced hermaphroditismat 0.1 ppb in American Leopard Frogs (Ranapipiens): Laboratory and field evidence. 2009.
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Problems in agriculture3. The treadmill effect - Continually need to apply more chemicals to achieve desired effect
Synthetic fertilizers Chemical pesticides
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Problems in agriculture4. Wild biodiversity loss: Insecticides - Impacts to pollinators, predators of pests
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Problems in agriculture5. Climate change
100% increase No change100% decrease
Cropland in 2050: Percent change intime spent under drought conditions, relative to 2000
Adapted from GornallJ, Betts R, Burke E, et al. Implications of climate change for agricultural productivity in the early twenty-first century. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2010;365(1554):2973-2989 .
Wheat crop during drought
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Problems in agriculture6. Resource depletion - Fertile soil - Groundwater - Fossil fuels - Phosphate - Forests - Etc.
U.S. Department of Energy. www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/reserves/npr/publications/npr_strategic_significancev1.pdf .
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Problems in agriculture7. Loss of farmland - Two acres per minute paved for developments
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Problems in agriculture8. Industrial food animal production - Health, social, environmental, animal welfare concerns
Dairy cattle: Image copyright. Poultry: Socially Responsible Agriculture Project. www.sraproject.org.Hogs: USDA. 2004. Manure sprayer: USDA NRCS photo gallery.
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Addressing Problems in Agriculture
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Will require collaborate efforts on the part of:
- Farmers - Industries - Consumers - Policy makers - Other participants in the food system
Technology ????
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Invention, Innovation through R&D
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Innovation vs Invention
Innovation: Process of making changes to something established by introducing something new
Refers to the use of a novel idea or method
Invention:
A new ‘thing’ / novelty
Creation of the idea or method itself, irrespective of whether it is being used and with what effect
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Why innovate?
promote rural development reduce poverty
stimulate or maintain economic growth adapt to scarce or variable resources
adapt to climate change
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Major Technological Advancements in Agriculture
Mechanization
Chemical Fertilizers
Hybridization
Biotechnology
How does technological innovation impact agriculture?
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Technology Impacts the Supply of Agricultural Products
Technology – Allows a farmer to produce more with a given level of inputs
How does technological innovation impact agriculture?
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Artificial Insemination
Sexed Semen The ability to choose the sex of the offspring
New Technologies in the Livestock Industry
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Cloning The ability to make an exact duplicate animal
with the same genetic makeup
New Technologies in the Livestock Industry
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Strategic Planning for Agro-industry Development
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Translating Innovation into Agro-technology to Meet Industry Needs
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-sensing and data acquisition-hyperspectral imaging -real time trace gas detection and identification of diseases-biosensors -information management, large complex data sources needing control -spatial variability and optimised inputs -real time machine control -systems modelling -data integration and mining -models of farming systems, life cycle analysis optimisation and decision support -holistic management systems (converting data to knowledge and practices).
Some of the technologies and innovations suggested by Day (2010) as being critical for farm system optimisation include:
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FAKULTI INDUSTRI ASAS TANIKAMPUS JELI, UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA KELANTAN
TERIMA KASIH