Krithika Mayoora shekinah &

Anupama of IX -L

FOOD SUPPLIES US WITH :- Proteins Carbohydrates Fats Vitamins & Minerals

RECAP

∗ MAJOR SOURCES OF FOOD

PLANTS ANIMALS

WE OBTAIN FOOD FROM

AGRICULTURE ANIMAL HUSBANDARY

AS POPULATION INCREASE

FOOD DEMAND INCREASE

There is a need to introduce production efficiency of crops and livestock because: rapid increase in population No major scope of increasing area of land under cultivation. Success in efforts to meet food demand increase in

food grain production

∗ THE GREEN REVOLUTION: TO INCREASE FOOD-GRAIN PRODUCTION. THE WHITE REVOLUTION: TO BETTER AND EFFICIENT USE & AVAILABILITY OF MILK.

FOR THIS WE INTRODUCED TWO REVOLUTIONS, NAMELY

WITHOUT: DEGRADING THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT , DISTURBING THE NATURAL BALANCES AND

- MAINTAIN NATURAL ENVIRONMENT.

AIM: TO INCREASE FOOD PRODUCTION

THUS LEAD TO: NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE

PRACTICES IN:

AGRICULTURE ANIMAL HUSBANDARY

FOOD SCARECITY DEPENDS ON TWO FATORS:

AVAILABILITY OF FOOD RESOURCES ACCESS TO FOOD &

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CROPS AND WHAT THEY PROVIDE US WITH:

CEREALS GIVES CARBOHYDRATES

WHEAT RICE MAIZE

MILLETS SORGRAM

PULSES GIVES PROTEINS

OIL SEEDS GIVES

Vegetables, spices and fruits GIVES

NECESSARY FATS

VITAMINS & MINERALS

∗ IN ADDITION TO THE FOOD CROPS ;

∗ FODDER CROPS LIKE: BERSEEM,OATS,GRASS ARE RAISED AS FOOD FOR LIVESTOCK

OATS GRASS

BERSEEM

1 TEMPERATURE 2 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 3 PHOTOPERIODS {the period of daylight in every 24 hours,esp in relation to its effects on plants and animals}

CONDITIONS FOR CROP DEVELOPMENT:

FOR GROWTH DEVELOPMENT OF LIFE CYCLE

BASED ON GROWTH OF CROPS THERE ARE TWO SEASONS NAMELY

RABI SEASON

{WINTER SEASON} NOVEMBER-APRIL

KHARIF SEASON {RAINY SEASON} JUNE-OCTOBER

EXAMPLES: PADDY

SOYABEAN PIEGON-PEA

MAIZE COTTON

GREENGRAM BLACKGRAM

EXAMPLES: WHEAT GRAM MUSTARD LINSEED PEAS

IN INDIA THERE HAS A FOUR TIMES INCREASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF

FOOD GRAINS FROM:

QUALIFICATION OF SEEDS FOR SELECTION:

DISEASE-RESISTANT SEEEDS. RESPONSE TO FERTILIZERS. GOOD PRODUCT QUALITY. HIGH-YIELDS.

CROP-VARIETY MANAGEMENT.

∗ Crop variety improvement is done by selecting good varieties of crops. This is done by hybridisation.

Hybridisation is the crossing between genetically dissimalar plants to obtain crops having useful characteristics like disease resistance, good quality and high yields.

WHAT IS HYBRIDIZATION???

Hybridisation may be: Inter-varietal (between different varieties) Inter-specific (between different species of the same

genus) or Inter-generic (between different genera). Another way of improving crop variety is by introducing a gene to obtain the desired characteristic. This produces genetically modified crops.{GMC}

i) Higher yield :- To increase productivity of crop per acre.

ii) Biotic and abiotic resistance :- To increase resistance of crop biotic factors like insects, diseases etc. and abiotic factors like draught, salinity, heat, cold etc. iii) Change in maturity duration :- To reduce the duration between sowing and harvesting so that farmers can grow multiple crops during the year.

FACTORS OF CROP VARIETY IMPROVEMENT:

∗ FATHER OF WHITE REVOLUTION IS VARGHESE KURIEN.

∗ Operation Flood was a rural development programme started by India's National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) in 1970.

∗ The programme objective was to create a nationwide milk grid.

∗ Verghese Kurien (born 26 November 1921 at Kozhikode, Kerala) is the founder of the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF), an apex cooperative organization that manages the Amul food brand. He is recognised as the man behind the success of the Amul brand.

WANT TO KNOW MORE ABOUT WHITE REVOLUTIONS

∗ . ∗ He is credited with being the architect of Operation

Flood—the largest dairy development program in the world. Kurien helped modernise the Anand model of cooperative dairy development and thus engineered the White Revolution in India, and made India the largest milk producer in the world.

∗ AND THE FATHER OF GREEN REVOLUTION IS Norman Ernest Borlaug (March 25, 1914 – September 12, 2009[1]) was an American.

CONTINUATION……..

RECAP OF WHAT WE LEARNT FROM THIS TOPIC

FOOD SUPPLY US WITH : - FATS,PROTEINS,CARBOHYDRATES ,VITAMINS AND MINERALS. WE OBTAIN FOOD FROM: AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDARY. 2 TYPES OF REVOLUTIONS: GREEN REVOLUTION {RELATED TO FOOD GROWTH PRODUCTION} AND - WHITE REVOLUTION {RELATED TO BETTER EFFICIENT USE AND AVAILIBILIY OF MILK}. FOOD SCARECITY DEPENDS ON 2 FACTORS : - AVAILIBITY OF FOOD AND - ACCESS TO FOOD. WHAT DIFFERENT CROPS PROVIDE US WITH: - CEREALS WITH CARBOHYDRATES. - PULSES WITH PROTEINS. - OIL SEEDS WITH FATS. - FRUITS,VEGETABLES AND SPICES WITH VITAMINS AND MINERALS.

CONDITIONS FOR CROP DEVELOPMENT : - TEMPERATURE - CLIMATIC CONDITIONS & - PHOTOPERIODS. 2 SEASONS FOR GROWING CROPS: - KHARIF SEASON{JUNE-OCT} - RABI SEASON{NOV-APRIL}. QUALIFICATION OF SEEDS SELECTION: • DISEASE-RESISTANT SEEEDS. • RESPONSE TO FERTILIZERS. • GOOD PRODUCT QUALITY. • HIGH-YIELDS. IMPROVEMENT IN CROP YIELD (3) • CROP VARIETY IMPROVEMENT. • CROP PRODUCTION IMPROVEMENT. • CROP PROTECTION MANAGEMENT.

WHAT IS HYBRIDIZATION AND TYPES OF HYBRIDIZATION: - Hybridisation is the crossing between genetically dissimalar plants

to obtain crops having useful characteristics like disease resistance, good quality and high yields.

- INTER VARIETAL - INTERSPECIFIC & - INTERGENERIC. ANOTHER WAY OF IMPROVING CROP IS BY – GMC. FACTORS OF CROP VARIETY IMPROVEMENT: - HIGHER YIELD - BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS - CHANGE IN MATURITY DURATION - WIDER ADAPTABILITY & - DESIREABLE AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS. FATHER OF WHITE REVOLUTION - Verghese Kurien.

∗ WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PHOTOPERIODS? ∗ NAME THE TWO REVOLUTIONS TOOK PLACE IN INDIA?’ ∗ NAME 3 TYPES OF CROSSING? ∗ FROM_______TO_______,THER HAS BEEN AN

INCREASE IN PRODUCTION OF FOOD GRAINS. ∗ WHAT ARE QUALIFICATION OF SEEDS FOR SELECTION? ∗ WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY HYBRIDISATION?

QUESTION TIME???

∗ FULL FORM OF GMC. ∗ DIFFERENT TYPES OF HYBRIDISATION. ∗ NAME SOME FACTORS OF CROP VARIETY IMPROVEMENT. ∗ WHO IS THE FATHER OF WHITE REVOLUTION. ∗ FULL FORM OF “NDDB” AND WHAT IS ITS AIM?