Bird ConservationHapsari Kusumaningtyas

3415097722Pendidikan Biologi Non

Reguler

Ornithology

study result show that status of biodiversity can go down more far until 20 percent, if nothing conservation effort

Ornithology

Indonesia be in top clasement from ten country in the world with highest amount of bird species threatened extinc who caused over exploitation

2009 : 117 species bird threatened extinc in Indonesia, 17 spesies critical. 2010 : rise, 122 species bird threatened extinc, 19 spesies critical.

Cause threatening extinc this spesies are opened land agriculture, over exploitation and invation strange spesies

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CONSERVATION

Perpetuation or protection.

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Indonesian law, conservation is organizing source nature biological which the benefit do wisely for continuous guarantee supply wih stay keep and increse diversity quality and the price.

BIRD

• Aves class who have wings, bipedal, endoterm, lay eggs, vertebrate

• they stay in ecosistem whole the world

• There are around 10.000 live species

• Various measurement from 5 cm (2) Bee Hummingbird until 2,75 m (9 ft) Ostrich

• First bird in last Jurassic is Archaeopteryx What name of this bird?

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Bird threatening

1. Lost habitat

Lost forest, and the other be agriculture, mining, illegal logging decrease potential habitat for many spesies.

lost of tropical forest is urgent problem. Because forest have the large spesies but have destroyed quickly.

Beside that, many forest spesies show limit ability for live in the new forest.

90% from extinction do in island.

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2. The hunt and exploitation

Human have exploitationed bird for along time and sometime cause extinc.

Hunting for food, sport, fur, and scientist for spesimen.

beo bird for sell cause many spesies be rare.

Between 1986 and 1988 2.000 beo import to america legally.

kakatua also.

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3. Hibridisasi

Hibridisasi also can endangered bird, damage gen.

example, American Black Duck often be reported hybridising with Mallard, start go down spesies.

hibrida Gamebird very common and many breeder produce hibrida who maybe intentional or not introduce to wildlife.

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4. Another threatened

polutionpestisida DDT make thin skin egg sea bird ad raptor

in the high foodchain.Oil spilled destroyed fur cause bird sink.Radiance pollution damage some spesies, especially

at night seabird like petrels.

Bird also threatened with high building, communication tower.

975 million bird in a year is killed with this way in north america, according American Bird Conservancy.

Invasion strange predator

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Conservation status

Conservation status is indicator possibility for spesies who still alive and left until now or future.

Many factor used for determine conservation status a spesies. Not only spesies left but also all increase or decrease population from time to time, success degree breed, and another threatened.

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Conservation category of IUCN

Conservation category IUCN is produced IUCN for help do classification to many spesies who threateaned extinc.Conservation category IUCN have done many revisi :

1. Versi 1.0: Mace and Lande (1991). First document who discuss new rule for classification

2. Versi 2.0: Mace et al. (1992). Big revision of versi 1.0. 3. Versi 2.1: IUCN (1993). 4. Versi 2.2: Mace and Stuart (1994) 5. Versi 2.3: IUCN (1994). 6. Versi 3.0: IUCN/SSC Criteria Review Working Group (1999)7. Versi 3.1: IUCN (2001).

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Conservation Category 3.1 Version

1. (Extinct; EX)

A takson said extinc if nothing hesitant that last individu have death.

Example : small bird from stephen island (Xenicus lyalli), extinc because dumb human.

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2. (Extinct in the wild; EW)When that taxon just know in certain place

(penangkaran).

3. (Critically endangered; CR)Spesies high risk extinc in close time

4. (Endangered; EN)Spesies risk extinc very high in next time.

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5. (Vulnerable; VU)Spesies risk extinc very high in future.

6. (Low Risk; LR)

7. (Conservation Dependant; CD)

7. (Near Threatened; NT)If in evaluation not in CR, EN, VU, NT.

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8. (Least Concern; LC)

9. Data Kurang (Data Deficient; DD)When less information to make guess about risk

extinc according distribution and population status.

10. (Not Evaluated; NE)

11. (Not Recognized; NR)

12. (Possibly extinct; PE)

13. (Possibly extinct in the wild; PE)

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Teknik konservasi

1. Penangkaran or ex-situ conservation, have used in many example for rescue spesies from extinction.

produce population good spesies in zoo or enother fasilitate, for then back to wildlife.

famous example, Condor California, spesies who decrease until 30 birds.

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2. Habitat protection

Buy important land for conservation, set aside lannd for taman nasional or kawasan lindung , and with laws prevent land owner from using land for damage.

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