Bab 1

Pengantar

Konservasi Energi

© Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department - Faculty of Engineering – University of Indonesia

11

OutlineOutline

� Pengertian Umum

� Sejarah Harga Energi

� Kebijakan Konservasi Energi di Indonesia

� Dasar-dasar Manajemen Energi

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

� Dasar-dasar Manajemen Energi

� Memulai Kegiatan Konservasi Energi

© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

22

Energi :

• Kemampuan untuk melakukan usaha / melakukan berbagai proses

kegiatan.

• Bentuk energi umumnya berupa bahan bakar, listrik, energi mekanis dan

panas.

PengertianPengertian UmumUmum

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

33

The human

bodyAir-conditioning

systemsAirplanes

Pengertian UmumPengertian Umum

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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Power plantsCar radiators Refrigeration systems

Manajemen energi :Kegiatan pengelolaan energi secara terencana, terarah, dan

berkesinambungan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi

penggunaan energi.

PengertianPengertian Umum (lanjutan)Umum (lanjutan)

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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Konservasi energi :

Kegiatan pemanfaatan energi secara efisien dan rasional tanpa

mengurangi penggunaan energi yang memang benar-benar

diperlukan serta tidak mengurangi kenyamanan.

PengertianPengertian Umum (lanjutan)Umum (lanjutan)

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

66

Audit energi :

Kegiatan pemeriksaan / pengkajian penggunaan energi untuk

mengetahui tingkat pemakaian energi serta menganalisis peluang

penghematan energi yang layak untuk diimplementasikan secara

teknis dan ekonomi.

Harga Minyak Mentah Internasional( harga nominal )

Sejarah Harga EnergiSejarah Harga Energi

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

77

Peristiwa Besar Dunia dan Pengaruhnya pada Harga Minyak Mentah (1970-2004)

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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Harga Batubara InternasionalHarga Batubara Internasional

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

Kompas, Senin 3 Maret 2008

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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Langkah-langkah Kebijakan EnergiLangkah-langkah Kebijakan Energi

BBIncentives/ Incentives/

DisincentivesDisincentives

CC

RegulationRegulationDD

PricePrice

POLICYPOLICY

INSTRUMENTINSTRUMENT

GREEN ENERGY Policy

Energy Conservation

AA

InformationInformation

BBIncentives/ Incentives/

DisincentivesDisincentives

CC

RegulationRegulationDD

PricePrice

POLICYPOLICY

INSTRUMENTINSTRUMENT

GREEN ENERGY Policy

Energy ConservationEnergy Conservation

AA

InformationInformation

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

1010

DisincentivesDisincentives

�Campaign�Consultation�Training�Education�Awards�DSM- Household- Public Street Lighting

�Cooperation/Partnership:- Stakeholder- -CDM

�� Tax ReductionTax Reduction

�� Import Tax Import Tax

ExemptionsExemptions

�� Low Interest Low Interest

Investment Fund Investment Fund

�Energy Manager

�Energy Management

�Energy Audit

�Energy Consumption

Monitoring

�Energy Intensity Target

�Energy Efficient Design

�Standardization

� Implementation

Standard

�Transportation (CALTI)

�Energy Equipment

Labeling

��Economical Energy Economical Energy

PricingPricing

��Automatically Automatically

Electricity TariffElectricity Tariff

PROGRAMPROGRAM

DisincentivesDisincentives

�Campaign�Consultation�Training�Education�Awards�DSM- Household- Public Street Lighting

�Cooperation/Partnership:- Stakeholder- -CDM

�� Tax ReductionTax Reduction

�� Import Tax Import Tax

ExemptionsExemptions

�� Low Interest Low Interest

Investment Fund Investment Fund

�Energy Manager

�Energy Management

�Energy Audit

�Energy Consumption

Monitoring

�Energy Intensity Target

�Energy Efficient Design

�Standardization

� Implementation

Standard

�Transportation (CALTI)

�Energy Equipment

Labeling

��Economical Energy Economical Energy

PricingPricing

��Automatically Automatically

Electricity TariffElectricity Tariff

PROGRAMPROGRAM

Transportation

36%Industry

39%

Final Energy Consumption by

Sector (2002)

165 Million BOE 176 Million BOE

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

1111

hHousehold/Commer

cial

25%

113 Million BOE

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

1313

Transformasi Attitude (Sikap)

Awareness

Society

Ignorance

Society Proficiency

Society Mastery

Society

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

Meningkatnya Kesadaran akan

Pentingnya Konservasi Energi

© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

1414

Manajemen Energi

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

1515

Konsep Konservasi Energi

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

1717

Mengapa Menerapkan Manajemen Energi?

• Meningkatkan keuntungan

• Meningkatkan daya saing

• Meningkatkan kinerja sistem

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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• Meningkatkan kinerja sistem

• Menyederhanakan peralatan dan operasi

• Meningkatkan kebersihan lingkungan

• Manajemen Energi adalah bagian dari Manajemen Perusahaan secara keseluruhan

Mengapa Pemakaian Energi Belum Efisien ?• Di masa lalu harga energi relatif murah (bersubsidi)

• Efisiensi energi bukan merupakan pertimbangan utama dalam desain peralatan, sehingga seringkali didapat peralatan yang oversized / belum efisien.

• Investasi selalu lebih dititikberatkan pada penambahan kapasitas produksi (meski belum efisien).

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

1919

kapasitas produksi (meski belum efisien).

• Biaya investasi awal peralatan yang efisien umumnya lebih mahal.

• Terbatasnya pengetahuan teknis mengenai konservasi energi.

• Budaya perusahaan belum mempertimbangkan optimasi sistem energi

• Tidak ada yang mau bertanggungjawab pada ketidak-efisienan walau sudah terukur/terbukti

Primary Energy Conversion Final Energy End-useUseful Energy

Energy Service

Konversi Energi

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

2020

Batubara Pembangkit Listrik Transmisi Lampu Energi Radiasi Penerangan

100% 30% 27% 25% 20% 15%

Power plant losses 70%

Transmission & distribution losses

9%.

Motor losses 10%

Drive train losses 10%

Motor losses 10%

Pump losses 10%

Throttle losses 10%

Kesetimbangan Energi

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

Pipe losses 10%

9.5 units of energy output

From the Drivepower Technology Atlas

Courtesy of E SOURCE, www.esource.com

© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

2121

GensetBBM

Udara

Flue gas

Listrik

Kesetimbangan energi pada Genset

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

EFF = 100 % - ( % fluegas loss + % cooling water loss

+ % radiation&convection loss)

SFC = lt BBM/kwh Listrik

Cooling

water

Rad &

conv

© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

2222

Radiasi matahari rata-rata

UBL TL

130

113

211

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

S

TB

TGBD

112

97

97

176

243

(W/m2)

© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

2323

Pengudaraan dan pencahayaan alamiahSecara umum rumah mempunyai kemampuan

untuk mendinginkan ruang secara alamiah

• Pemanfaatan ventilasi silang

• Desain plafon tinggi

• Penggunaan menara angin

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

• Penggunaan menara angin

• Ventilasi dan insulasi atap

• Penggunaan warna terang

• Pemilihan material

• Hindari effek rumah kaca

• Tanaman hijau

© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

2424

Bagaimana Berhemat ?Pendingin RuanganDaya (Watt)

750

Daya (Watt)

750

Kurangi Waktu Pemakaian

© Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department - Faculty of Engineering – University of Indonesia

2525

0 2 431

Waktu (h)

Energi = Daya * Waktu (kWh)

= Luas Kurva = 3000 Wh = 3 kWh

0 2 431

Waktu (h)

Energi = Daya * Waktu (kWh)

= Luas Kurva Berkurang, menjadi

= 2250 Wh = 2,25kWh

PeneranganLampu Pijar

Daya (Watt)

100

Daya (Watt)

100

Kurangi Daya Lampu dgn LHEKurangi Daya Lampu dgn LHE

© Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department - Faculty of Engineering – University of Indonesia

2626

0 2 431

Waktu (h)

Energi = Daya * Waktu (kWh)

= Luas Kurva = 400 Wh = 0,4 kWh

0 2 431Waktu (h)

Energi = Daya * Waktu (kWh)

= Luas Kurva Berkurang, menjadi

= 80 Wh = 0,08 kWh

20

Refrigerator

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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2727

Formulir pemakaian energi rumah tangga

Pemakaian Energi Rumah Tangga

Jenis Pemakaian Jenis Peralatan Daya listrik Jumlah alat Waktu Lama Energi Biaya

pemakaian Pakai (h) (kWh) (Rp)

Penerangan LHE

LHE

LHE

Lampu Pijar

Lampu TL

Lampu Sorot

Lainnya

Peralatan Dapur Kompor Listrik

Oven Listrik

Microwave Oven

Dispenser Air

Kulkas

Blender

Lainnya

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

Pengkondisian AC Ruangan-1

Udara AC Ruangan-2

AC Ruangan-3

AC Ruangan-4

AC Ruangan-5

Kipas Angin

Pembersih Udara

Lainnya

Peralatan Hiburan TV-1

TV-2

TV-3

Players-1

Komputer-1

Komputer-2

Lainnya

Peralatan Cuci dan Pompa Air-1

Kamar Mandi Pompa Air-2

Water heater

Air Dryer

Setrika Listrik

Mesin Cuci

Lainnya

Jumlah Pemakaian Energi Bulanan

© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

2828

Tahapan Awal

• Pembentukan komitmen dan kesadaran untuk melakukan konservasi energi di tingkat manajemen dan operator lapangan.

• Ditugaskannya seorang “energi manajer” serta

Memulai Kegiatan Konservasi Energi

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

2929

• Ditugaskannya seorang “energi manajer” serta organisasinya yang bertanggungjawab kepada pimpinan perusahaan.

• Inventasisasi permasalahan dan penyelesaiannya.

• Dilaksanakannya audit energi

Pelaksanaan Audit Energi

� Penyusunan strategi audit energi

� Pengumpulan data teknis

� Diskusi dengan penanggung jawab energi.

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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� Tinjauan lapangan.

� Pengumpulan data operasi & data pendukung

� Pengukuran langsung dan pengamatan.

� Verifikasi data.

� Penyusunan neraca massa dan energi.

� Evaluasi pola penggunaan energi.

Analisis Data Audit Energi

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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� Evaluasi kinerja peralatan utama.

� Identifikasi peluang penghematan energi.

� Evaluasi ekonomi.

NERACA MASSA:

Berguna untuk mengetahui tingkat ketelitian

pembacaan flowmeter aliran masa yang masuk dan

keluar

Penyusunan Neraca Massa dan Energi

NERACA ENERGI:

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

3232

NERACA ENERGI:� Untuk mengetahui tingkat efisiensi pada setiap

peralatan utama.

� Untuk mengetahui distribusi penggunaan energi

di seluruh pabrik.

� Untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengkwantifikasi

panas yang hilang guna meningkatkan “Efficiency”.

Menurunkan Biaya Listrik di Industri

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

kV

A

Minimum billable demand – 1683 kVA

Contracted demand – 2250 kVA

Maximum Demand

Dengan menurunkan

� Beban Puncak (KVA)

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

May

'01

Jun'0

1

Jul'0

1A

ug'01

Sep'0

1O

ct'0

1N

ov'0

1D

ec'0

1Ja

n'02

Feb'0

2M

ar'0

2A

pr'02

Month

� Beban Puncak (KVA)

� Energi ( KWH)

© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

3333

Typical daily load curve of Java –Madura – Bali system [PLN, 2006]

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000E

lectr

icit

y c

on

su

mp

tio

n (

MW

)

Household

Commercial

Industry

TOTAL

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 2 4 6

Time

Ele

ctr

icit

y c

on

su

mp

tio

n (

MW

)

© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

3434

Manajemen Beban Listrik

o Geser beban keluar Waktu Beban Puncak (WBP)

o Pasang alat pengontrol beban (automatic load shedding)

o Pasang kapasitor bank untuk memperbaiki cos phi

Menurunkan KWh Listrik

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

3535

� Peralatan-peralatan utama

� Transformator

� Sistem distribusi listrik

� Motor dan beban beban lain

Menurunkan KWh Listrik

Target Penerapan Konservasi Energy di Industri

Manajemen Beban Listrik (lanjut)

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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Sektor Bisnis

� Konsumsi sektor bisnis dan perkantoran menempati

urutan kedua dalam konsumsi energi listrik setelah

sektor industri. Sektor ini juga memberikan kontribusi

pada waktu beban puncak hingga sekitar pukul 20.00

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

� Bagaimanakah komposisi konsumsi energi listrik untuk

sektor perkantoran dan bisnis?

© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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� Secara umum komposisi konsumsi listrik sector ini

adalah

� (i) pengkondisian udara (48–60)%,

� (ii) penerangan (16-20)%,

� (iii) utilitas lainnya seperti lift dan pompa (17-25)%,

Sektor Bisnis

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

� (iv) peralatan kantor dan telekomunikasi (14-20)%.

� Gedung kantor modern umumnya juga dilengkapi

dengan alat telekomunikasi, pengkondisian udara untuk

ruang server dan penyimpan data yang bekerja 24 jam

per hari. Besarnya kebutuhan energi listrik dasar dapat

mencapai kisaran 20% dari kebutuhan rata-rata harian.

© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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Tips hemat untuk manajemen gedung

� Mendata, menganalisis dan mensosialisasikan pola konsumsi energi listrik

bulanan sepanjang tahun.

� Memotret jumlah konsumsi dan komposisi energi gedung, dengan

melakukan audit energi gedung secara berkala. Kegiatan ini juga akan

memberikan potensi penghematan energi yang signifikan, misalnya

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

mengoptimumkan jumlah unit transformator yang digunakan.

Pengoperasian transformator mendekati kapasitasnya, dapat meningkatkan

efisiensi dan mengurangi rugi laten (core) pada transformator.

� Melakukan kegiatan pemeliharaan bangunan secara berkala, khususnya

yang terkait dengan insulasi, peralatan mekanikal dan elektrikal yang

mengkonsumsi energi dalam jumlah besar.

© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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� Memelihara kondisi lingkungan yang hijau sehingga dapat menurunkan

temperatur ambient dan efek radiasi matahari.

� Melakukan manajemen energi melalui pengaturan penggunaan fasilitas

bersama seperti pengendalian jam operasi mesin pengkondisian udara

(AC) serta pengaturan zona operasi, zona lantai untuk lift, pengendalian

Tips hemat untuk manajemen gedung

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

pencahayaan ruang bersama, dan penghematan penggunaan air.

� Modifikasi dan otomatisasi peralatan pengendali apabila memungkinkan,

serta penggantian peralatan dengan yang lebih hemat energi.

© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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� Matikan monitor, printer, lampu, dan mesin fotocopy setiap kali

anda meninggalkan ruangan, khususnya saat beristirahat, waktu

makan siang, atau rapat di ruangan lainnya. Matikan komputer,

apabila meninggalkan kantor lebih dari 2 jam.

� Manfaatkan penerangan alami dengan membuka tirai jendela,

Tips hemat untuk manajemen gedung

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

Manfaatkan penerangan alami dengan membuka tirai jendela,

khususnya di pagi dan sore hari.

� Cetaklah dokumen kerja apabila benar-benar dibutuhkan.

� Pergunakan lampu hemat energi dan lampu meja sehingga tidak

membutuhkan penerangan ruangan yang berlebihan.

© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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� Sesuaikan penggunaan pakaian kerja yang cocok dengan negeri tropis,

sehingga dapat nyaman bekerja pada kisaran temperatur ruangan 25-

26oC.

� Jika memungkinkan batasi bekerja di waktu lembur. Ingat jam 17.00

s.d. 22.00 adalah waktu beban puncak harian.

Tips hemat untuk pengguna gedung

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

� Pergunakan tangga untuk menaiki atau menuruni 2 lantai bangunan.

Lebih sehat dan hemat.

� Kurangi kegiatan rapat, dengan mengoptimumkan pemanfaatan

komunikasi elektronik.

� Hematlah dalam penggunaan air, karena air adalah sumber kehidupan.

© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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Dalam berhemat energi semua dapat berkontribusi,

………

mulailah dari diri sendiri !

© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

mulailah dari diri sendiri !

© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

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