Kong-fu tzu or Confucius“Yoda was a Confucist”

• Born 551B.C. • Sayings collected in the “Analects”--“Never impose on others what you would not choose

for yourself“--”To understand nothing is to understand everything.”• Five Relationships

1. Father to son2. Elder brother to younger brother3. Husband to wife4. Ruler to subject5. Friend to friend

What do these relationships have in common?

• Filiel piety – respect for parents• Chinese rulers relied on the idea of

Confucism because it promoted the idea of one’s “duty”

• Confucius, however, did not like feudalism

• During the warring States Period, Chinese leaned toward ideas of Buddhism because it offered a release from suffering

How were Confucian ideas about duty and the structure of society similar to Indian ideas?

Legalism

Why do we have religion? What’s the point?

• Believes that laws are the only thing that can make men good

• Hanfeizi - founder

• Does not answer why we are here

• States the best way to keep order in society is to have laws

• And to strictly enforce them

Taoism (pronounced Daoism)

What do you think the most important human virtue is?

• The tao means “the way”• Main text “Tao te Ching” is collection of sayings• People should live in harmony with nature in

order to be at peace• The most important virtues are: humility,

compassion, and • No one knows the original founder • Some say it was Lao Tzu – means “old master”

Review

1. What was the main text of Confucius?

2. What is the difference between a philosophy and a religious belief?

3. How was Daoism different from Legalism in its views on the government?

4. Why did many Chinese people accept Buddhist ideas?

5. Which of these

Confucism Legalism Daoism Buddhism

Founder

Culture

How to get Afterlife

How religion affects society

HinduismConfucism Legalism Daoism Buddhism Hinduism

Founder

Culture

How to get to Afterlife

How religion affects society

Sacred Text

Deccan Plateau Kingdoms

• Dravidians – lived to the south of the Mauryan Empire, in the Northern Deccan

• Wrote in Sanskrit• Were Hindu and

Buddhist• Tamil kingdom in

Southern Deccan• Existed at the same time

as the Mauryans

Maurya Empire• Responsible for

the spread of Buddhism

• 321 – 185 B.C. – Height of Empire

Chandragupta – conquered part of the Deccan Plateau

Chandragupta Maurya• Chandragupta maintained

order through well-organized bureaucracy

• Many officials managed every aspect of society and trade – shipyards, road building, factories

• Had brutal secret police to report corruption and dissent

• Trained women warriors to guard palace

Ashoka – the Buddhist

• Asoka – grandson of Chandragupta – conquered the rest of the Deccan

• Converted to Buddhism – rejects non-violence

• Sent missionaries to spread Buddhism around India

• Set up stone pillars proclaiming Buddhist sayings

Decline of Maurya Empire

• Asoka’s death

• Rivaling kingdoms of the Deccan

Guptas – New Dynasty• Golden Age of Indian

Empires

• 500 years after the Mauryans – 320 – 500 A.D.

• Capital city – Patiliputra

• Relaxed rule – much power resided with governors

• Faxian – Chinese Buddhist monk visited and wrote about the Gupta rule

Advances

• Education: Buddhist Monastery at Nalanda – taught mathematics, religion, medicine, physics, language

• Mathematics: Gupta empire brought concept of zero, decimal system, Arabic numerals

• Literature: Kalidasa the most famous poet and playwright of the Gupta Empire

• Medicine: small pox vaccinations, plastic surgery, surgery

• Arts: Dancing – Read page 84

Decline of Guptas

• Weak leaders

• White Han invaders

Rivers of the Ancient World

Ganges River

Indu

s Rive

r

Ancient Aryans

Zhou Dynasty•1045-256 B.C.•Longest ruling Chinese Dynasty•Developed around the Huang He River

–Yearly floods like the Nile

•Feudalism began under their rule•Warring States Period – 403-21 B.C. – period of civil war•Believed in ancestor worship

Huang He River

Qin Dynasty• Shi Huangdi – proclaimed

himself the first emperor • Ruled from 221-206 B.C. • Believed in Legalism“Cracking his long whip, he drove

the universe before him, swallowing up the eastern and the western Zhou and overthrowing the feudal lords.” – Ancient Chinese Poet

“Cracking his long whip, he drove the universe before him, swallowing up the eastern and the western Zhou and overthrowing the feudal lords.” – Ancient Chinese Poet

•Capital city - Xianyang•Established 36 military

districts•Forced nobles to live

in the capital•Gave land to peasants•Fought against dissent

– book burning, secret police, buried scholars alive

•Built the Great Wall of China and terra cotta army

•Decline – Huangdi died

Megalomaniac

Friday Quiz – complete both

1. Describe in five sentences how the dynastic cycle works. Make sure you define the term “Mandate of Heaven.” Include specific examples of how the Gods showed their anger, how the Old Dynasty lost the mandate, and what the new dynasty did to keep it.

2. Compare and contrast, in five sentences, Hinduism and Buddhism. Make sure to at least mention founders of each religion, where each religion is practiced today, and the religious texts of each. Also describe how each believes a person can achieve spiritual enlightenment.